The Role of Education and Training in Developing High-Quality Human Resources in Vietnam Today

Form and foster personality, qualities, capacity, and professional expertise of the subjects, meeting the requirements of social development.

The direct subjects of education and training are the national education system and the teaching staff. The national education system includes formal education and continuing education ; education levels: preschool education , general education , vocational education, university and postgraduate education.

The goal of education is to develop the spirit, physical strength, form and nurture the personality, qualities, abilities , and professional expertise of the subject . For Vietnam, it is to train Vietnamese people to develop comprehensively, with ethics , intelligence, health, aesthetics, and profession, meeting the requirements of the cause of building and defending the Fatherland.

Content, curriculum, and educational methods are the fundamental issues of education and training, reflecting the knowledge, skills, abilities, and qualities that need to be achieved , as well as teaching and learning methods according to each level and type of education and training.

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Academic education and training.

This is education and training aimed at imparting basic knowledge and equipping students with basic methods so that they can adapt and develop their capacity in practical activities after graduation. The program and content of academic education and training have many advantages, adapting to basic sciences such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, and social sciences and humanities, especially basic majors such as philosophy and scientific socialism. It helps learners have good methodologies and thinking methods, including logical thinking, systematic thinking and scientific thinking, creating favorable conditions for the intellectual development of learners after graduation. However, academic education and training also has certain limitations. Practical skills, the ability to perform specific tasks in professional work, in production and business practices , and the ability to apply technology have many limitations.

Education and training in engineering and technology.

Technical and technological education and training aims to equip students with basic knowledge and methods, especially knowledge, specific operational skills, practical skills, and practical activities, so that they can adapt and develop their capacity and skills in practical activities after they graduate . This type of education and training has many outstanding advantages, it helps learners with practical skills , operations, mastery , and application of techniques and technology in production and business, quickly adapting to the rapid and complex changes of life in the country and in the world. However, this type of education and training, due to not paying due attention to equipping basic theoretical and theoretical knowledge, has many limitations in the ability to develop creative thinking, systematic and logical thinking in learners compared to academic education and training.

The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of education and training above need to be thoroughly and fully recognized and properly handled in determining content, programs, innovating methods and implementing them in all schools , especially universities and colleges that train high-quality human resources.

* Concept of education - training high quality human resources

Based on the concept of education - training and the concept of high-quality human resources presented, it can be conceived that: Education - training of high-quality human resources is a purposeful, voluntary activity of educational subjects.

- Training systematically impacts the development of spirit, physical strength, personality, qualities and abilities , professional qualifications, methods, and working style of high-quality human resources, meeting the requirements of socio-economic development.

Education and training have a particularly important and irreplaceable position. Currently , education and training are identified by many countries as a top national policy.

For our country, the Platform for National Construction in the Transitional Period to Socialism (Supplemented and Developed in 2011) emphasizes: “Developing education and training together with developing science and technology is the top national policy; investing in education and training is investing in development” [43, p.77]. Education and training of high-quality human resources is the content of the “strategic breakthrough ” of the country’s development in the new period. This strategic breakthrough is "the decisive factor in promoting the development and application of science and technology, restructuring the economy, transforming the growth model and is the most important competitive advantage, ensuring rapid, effective and sustainable development" [43, p.130]. Education and training of high -quality human resources contributes to promoting the knowledge economy , promoting national spirit, creating momentum for the cause of innovation, industrialization and modernization of the country in the new period. The knowledge economy cannot develop without high-quality human resources meeting the requirements, without promoting education and training of high-quality human resources. On the basis of fostering patriotism, national consciousness, education

- Training high-quality human resources equipped with scientific methods and knowledge , the national spirit of this human resource will be further promoted, fulfilling its core role, "locomotive" in activities, especially in international integration.

2.2.2. The role of education and training in developing high-quality human resources in Vietnam today

On the role of education and training, the Platform for national construction in

The Party's transitional period to socialism (Supplemented and developed in 2011) stated: " Education and training have the mission of improving people's knowledge, developing human resources, nurturing talents, making an important contribution to the development of the country, building Vietnamese culture and people" [43, p.77]. Article 5, Clause 1 of the Law on Higher Education of Vietnam 2013 defines: The general goals of higher education are: a) Training human resources, improving people's knowledge, nurturing talents; scientific and technological research to create knowledge and new products, serving the requirements of development

socio-economic development , ensuring national defense, security and international integration; b) Training learners with political and ethical qualities; knowledge, professional practice skills , research and development capacity for scientific and technological applications commensurate with their level; good health; creativity, professional responsibility, adaptability to the working environment; and a sense of serving the people.

The above basic views clearly show the decisive role of education.

- Training for the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam today, reflected in the following main contents:

Firstly , education and training help learners have knowledge, professional qualifications, and thinking levels to meet the requirements of socio-economic development .

This role is essentially to improve the intelligence of high-quality human resources. The primary task of education and training is to equip knowledge and professional qualifications, thinking levels according to defined goals and requirements . Equipping knowledge is the basic function of any education and training system. The development of education and training is the development of the knowledge that it conveys and provides to people in the education and training process . The "mission of improving people's knowledge, developing human resources, and nurturing talents" for the country is expressed primarily and centrally in the education and training system that provides and equips people with the necessary knowledge, expertise, and expertise so that they can explore and transform the world, work creatively, and contribute to society.

On the basis of being equipped with knowledge, experience, and expertise that education and training bring, the theoretical thinking capacity and practical activities of workers are increasingly developed. The fundamental difference, demonstrating the "locomotive" ability, "spearhead" and core role of high-quality human resources compared to the entire human resources of the country is in the theoretical thinking capacity . Without the theoretical thinking capacity, or not meeting the requirements well, that person, even with a high level of education, cannot be considered a truly high-quality human resource. Through education and training, on the basis of the knowledge

Knowledge , experience, expertise acquired, cognitive level, and human thinking developed , to truly become high-quality human resources and play a core role in practice.

Article 5, Clause 2 of the Law on Higher Education 2013 clearly states: b) Training at the university level so that students have comprehensive professional knowledge, a firm grasp of natural and social principles and laws, basic practical skills, the ability to work independently, creatively, and solve problems in the field of training; c) Training at the master's level so that students have basic scientific knowledge, in-depth skills in a scientific field or effective professional activity, the ability to work independently , creatively, and the ability to discover and solve problems in the field of training; d) Training at the doctoral level so that graduate students have a high level of theory and application, the ability to conduct independent and creative research, develop new knowledge, discover natural and social principles and laws , and solve new problems in science and technology, and guide research and professional activities.

Second, education and training help learners develop and perfect their personality, professional ethics, and improve their physical fitness to meet the requirements of national development .

Human personality is formed and developed through relationships.

The interaction between people, society, and nature, through labor, cultural, social, educational, and training relationships, etc., to exist and develop. The formation, development, and perfection of human personality are closely linked to education and training. Education and training always play a leading role in the formation and development of personality [26, p.215]. Personality is often determined and concretized by a system of values, especially typical values. Each historical period has specific values to meet the requirements of that period. Education and training determines the content and program to train people according to certain values and personality standards, although there are values that are traditional, character, and national identity.

If in the resistance war against the invaders, we emphasized the patriotic values in combat, the spirit of courage, resilience, the will to overcome difficulties , hardships, sacrifices...; now, we have and need people who love the country and love socialism, know how to work creatively, enrich society and themselves, their families; work with productivity, quality , efficiency; have independence, autonomy, integration ability... All of those values are the basis for building programs, content, implementing forms and measures of education and training. At the same time, education and training, with its function , equips and fosters personal values, ethical requirements of workers, professional ethics in the learning process. This is clearly shown in the educational goals that the Law on Higher Education 2013 defines: Training learners "with political and moral qualities"; “having creativity and professional responsibility”; “having a sense of serving the people”.

Through education and training, people's personality and professional ethics gradually develop and improve. It is difficult to have people who fully develop their personality and professional ethics to meet the requirements of life, if not through education and training , or if education is not implemented well. Through the development of people's personality and professional ethics , it is possible to accurately and objectively evaluate the quality of education and training of the country, industry, field and locality.

In addition to equipping and developing knowledge, improving labor and working capacity, education and training also directly contribute to improving health , endurance, and necessary physical qualities of workers. High-quality human resources can only develop comprehensively in terms of intelligence, physical strength, and other social activities if education and training are well implemented. Many studies on education and training in the 21st century have published and proposed four main pillars of a learning society: First, learning knowledge is learning knowledge to adapt to changes in science, technology, economy, and society; it is a "passport" for lifelong learning. Second, learning to work is learning a profession, developing

develop the ability to cope with different situations and work in a team, work skills, how to participate in professional and social activities . Third, learning to survive requires high self-management and judgment, increasing personal responsibility to achieve common goals. Fourth , learning to live together is the ability to understand people around, history, traditions, spiritual culture of others, knowing how to analyze risks and challenges, the ability to implement common projects and resolve conflicts intelligently and peacefully.

With the above contents and requirements, education and training will create for workers , high-quality human resources, the basic foundations, the "material core" for their comprehensive development . That is to bring to workers physical and mental development.

Third, education and training help learners acquire scientific working methods and the ability to quickly adapt to changes in the domestic and international working environment.

In addition to equipping and developing knowledge, improving the ability to work, work, the ability to complete tasks independently and the ability to work in groups , the ability to think scientifically, education and training directly foster scientific working methods and the ability to quickly adapt to changes in the working environment for learners . Without scientific working methods and adaptability, learners cannot meet the requirements of high-quality human resources. Through education and training, learners ' scientific working methods are formed and gradually improved. For high-quality human resources today, scientific working methods and the ability to quickly adapt to changes in the domestic and international working environment are particularly important issues . It creates conditions and a solid foundation for creative activities of high- quality human resources , enhancing their influence and role in the socio-economic process of the country, locality, industry, agency, and unit in the face of rapid changes in the environment.

In the domestic and international working environment, more and more new professions are appearing and many old professions are also lost; human skills and knowledge are always easily outdated, surpassed by practice, if not continuously studied and cultivated. International integration is increasingly deep, international division of labor is increasingly expanding in scale and requiring high quality, requiring workers to have the necessary, basic knowledge and qualities, and the ability to adapt well to international integration. Education and training help learners with the necessary, modern knowledge, skills, and methods so that they can integrate internationally, improve the effectiveness of international cooperation; at the same time, overcome the situation of being closed, closed, or mechanically and one-sidedly absorbing the experiences of countries around the world.

2.2.3. Factors affecting education and training of high-quality human resources

One is the impact of the Party and State's mechanisms and policies.

Mechanisms and policies stipulate the direction, goals and scale of education and training of high-quality human resources. Developing human resources and high- quality human resources is not a matter of development to some extent , but must be a proactive, voluntary process, with specific, suitable and feasible mechanisms and policies of the Party and State. The Party and State are the leading and managing entities that decide on mechanisms, policies, stipulate directions, goals and expand the scale of developing high-quality human resources in each period. The 10th Party Congress clearly stated: "The State increases investment in priority targets , national programs for education development, and supports ethnic minority areas, remote areas, border areas and islands" [39, p.35]. The 11th Party Congress emphasized the need to continue innovating mechanisms and policies for human resource development, education and training management in the spirit of increasing autonomy and self-responsibility of educational institutions, and promoting and attracting talents.

Mechanisms and policies regulating the innovation of educational and training content and programs to develop high-quality human resources. Human resource development

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