political and social issues. For the work of training students' political mettle, it is necessary to pay attention to the methods of propaganda, mobilization, persuasion and setting an example to arouse and promote the creative potential of young people. However, in reality, to reach a high level of consensus on the orientation and goals of training students' political mettle depends on the awareness and responsibility of the subjects.
The issues raised for the subjects of training political mettle of students show that there is still a lack of unity, there are still inadequacies and contradictions affecting the process of training political mettle of students. Therefore, training political mettle of students of universities in the North Central region is a regular, important and long-term task, requiring a synchronous and strategic scientific solution of political subjects.
3.3.2. Contradictions between requirements on political stance, political capacity, political qualities, political courage and students' efforts in self-cultivation and training
The Law on Higher Education (2012) affirmed the goal: "to train students with political and moral qualities; knowledge, professional practice skills, research and development capacity for scientific and technological applications commensurate with the training level; good health; creativity and professional responsibility, adaptability to the working environment; and a sense of serving the people" [126]. Accordingly, the Law on Education (2019) sets out the goal of higher education as "training highly qualified human resources, improving people's knowledge, nurturing talents; scientific and technological research to create new knowledge and products, serving the needs of socio-economic development, ensuring national defense, security, and international integration" [124]. Thus, the orientation of training students' political mettle is consistent with the goal of training students to develop comprehensively, both "red" and "specialized" today. However, this goal is currently in conflict with the signs of decline in political stance, political capacity, political quality and political courage of a segment of students.
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Training political qualities is not only the need of students themselves but also an objective requirement of the current university education goals. When becoming students, they themselves have the desire to improve themselves through learning, communication, work, social activities, entertainment... However, there is still a large number of students who lack awareness in self-cultivation and training.
practice, not seeing the importance of studying and practicing according to Ho Chi Minh's ideology, morality, and style, so not promoting political positivity, not interested in political theory subjects.
While self-awareness is expressed in self-study and self-research, many students only self-study when exams are approaching. Students do not pay attention to reading materials before class, so they are very passive in listening to lectures and have almost no opinions to exchange with teachers. Students' self-awareness in learning is also expressed in attending classes diligently because this is both an obligation and a need and right. However, some students still take advantage of the opportunity to skip 10% of the class hours. In addition, the phenomenon of taking the roll call and then sneaking out, asking friends to take roll call for them, skipping too many classes, especially coping techniques in online classes still occurs.
There is still a part of students who are indifferent to the political situation of the country, are afraid to participate in social activities, and have a low sense of striving. Students today enjoy a peaceful environment, in the strong movement of the market economy. That hedonistic lifestyle has led to indifference, turning their backs on the movements of the Youth Union and Student Association, only caring about their own interests, and being indifferent to the political situation of the country. This is a manifestation of the wavering political will of students.
From wavering comes skepticism, lack of faith in Marxism-Leninism, lack of firmness in stance and viewpoint, even showing a lazy attitude in studying Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought. Some students are still vague about the plots and activities against the Vietnamese revolution by hostile forces and are easily provoked, enticed, assisted, and given opportunities to carry out the plot of peaceful evolution in the ideological and cultural fields. From political degradation, many social evils among students have arisen and spread at a dizzying rate such as lottery, gambling, drugs, school violence, and even social crimes...
There is still a small number of students with poor political awareness, unstable ideological stance, vague ideals, loose lifestyles chasing after money and trivial tastes, not willing to strive and practice. Due to lack of understanding, they have not seen the great value that generations of Vietnamese people have sacrificed their blood and bones to regain; they are unfamiliar with learning.
and proud of the nation’s history. Many students also expressed frustration, complaining about the country’s shortages and backwardness, criticizing the country and the Vietnamese people. This shows that students are gradually losing their courage, which also means that they are gradually losing the expectations and trust that society has for them.
A part of students have not yet determined the right ideal of life, follow a pragmatic lifestyle, and absorb Western values en masse without knowing how to select. More alarmingly, the unselective reception of foreign culture has led to illusions about Western democracy and a hedonistic lifestyle. This consequence has a profound, multi-dimensional, and strong impact on the learning process and the training of political qualities of students.
Influenced by modern lifestyle, students may forget the moral codes and standards of student behavior, instead adapting to the trend of promoting individualism. Along with this situation is the increasing appearance of moral degradation among young people such as partying, competing, even participating in drug and prostitution, causing great concern for the social community. In particular, the phenomenon of cohabitation among young people is a manifestation of Westernized lifestyle and has become a trend in recent years. According to data from the Department of Maternal and Child Health - Ministry of Health, every year our country has about
250,000 - 300,000 abortions, of which 60-70% of the abortions are “perpetrators” of students [178]. From a cultural perspective, this lifestyle is completely inconsistent with the traditional morality of the Vietnamese people. These consequences show that the gap between the training goals and the requirements for cultivating the political qualities of students today is very large and needs to be filled.
3.3.3. The contradiction between the political requirements of students and the reality of life has many complicated developments.
The more the renovation process goes deeper, especially the development of the market economy and the increasingly deep international integration, has revealed that the requirements for political courage of students are not commensurate. The manifestations of lack of standards in quality, capacity, immaturity in stance, and decline in courage of a part of young people and students cause concern for society. Many negative, unjust, and paradoxical phenomena in schools and in society affect the stance, quality, capacity, and political courage of students.
One of the difficulties and obstacles in training character is
The current value of students is the contradiction between the need to train political qualities and the reality of life which is becoming more complicated, with inadequacies and paradoxes. At school, in the classroom, in the family, through the Youth Union and Association movements, students are equipped with scientific knowledge, the will and determination to overcome difficulties, the aspiration and belief to move forward. However, the reality of life is often contrary to what they have learned, and ideals and beliefs are sometimes only rosy on the pages of books. These contradictions have an increasingly large gap, directly affecting the political qualities of students every day and every hour.
The university lecture hall can be likened to a miniature society, so there will be contrasting adversities that naturally occur. The contrast is that there are students from well-off families who are pampered by their parents, live freely, have fun, compete, and spend money like water, while there are many students who, due to their poor family circumstances, have to work extra to earn money for their studies. The contrast is that there are female students who are naturally beautiful but lazy to study, love to enjoy material things; while there are many students who study hard but squeeze every penny of tuition from their extra jobs. There are many cases of cheating in exams, buying points, selling degrees in university lecture halls... leading to the concept of exalting material values, commercializing many genuine values when anything can be bought and sold.
Effective education methods for students are not only through lectures but also through examples. First of all, it is the example of the lecturer who directly teaches, transmitting the flame of passion and enthusiasm to the students. However, there are lecturers who lack standards, have behaviors that are not pure and lack enthusiasm, so they cannot transmit confidence and motivation to the students.
The downside of the market mechanism and the current context of globalization are creating many negative aspects in society. The gap between rich and poor is growing, social inequality, especially in accessing development opportunities and social services, is creating paradoxes and injustices in society. The phenomenon of "some people have more than they can eat, others have less" is not uncommon. A part of the people, when pursuing personal interests, have trampled on traditional moral standards and values. While there are a part of degenerate officials, living lavishly and enjoying benefits,
There are also people who have contributed to the revolution who are struggling to make a living... In particular, "the state of political and moral degradation of a large number of party members and officials, and the evils of bureaucracy, corruption, and waste have not been pushed back. Crime and social evils are still complicated; social morality has seriously degraded" [38; p.61]. This has a great impact on beliefs, ideals, and dreams, thereby leading to a decline in the will to strive and the fading of revolutionary ideals of a number of students.
Chapter 3 Conclusion
The political mettle of university students in the North Central region has many outstanding advantages, but there are also limitations that need to be properly recognized in order to have measures to overcome and remove them. Promoting internal strength and overcoming difficulties, generations of students have made great efforts to study and practice, achieving many results in terms of political stance, political qualities, political capacity, and political courage. In the face of complicated developments in social life, the political mettle of university students in the North Central region still shows a steadfast stance, promoting good qualities and capacities, and strengthening courage to complete the set goals.
However, the political mettle of university students in the North Central region also shows some limitations, not commensurate with the current requirements for human resource training. From the current situation of political mettle of university students in the North Central region, many issues need to be focused on and resolved, namely: The contradiction between the requirement to train students' political mettle and the inadequacy in awareness and responsibility of the subjects training students' political mettle; the contradiction between the requirement to train political stance, political capacity, political qualities, political courage and the efforts of students to cultivate and train themselves; the contradiction between the requirement to train students' political mettle and the reality of life with many complicated developments.
The above contradictions pose an urgent need for the efforts of university students in the North Central region and the coordination of entities that train students' political qualities. It is necessary to correctly identify the guiding viewpoints and appropriate solutions to enhance the training of political qualities of university students in the North Central region today.
Chapter 4
VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCE POLITICAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITIES IN THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION TODAY
4.1. Context and viewpoints on enhancing the training of political qualities of university students in the North Central region
4.1.1. Current context for enhancing political training of university students in the North Central region
Firstly, strengthening the training of political qualities of students takes place in the context of the world and regional situation with many rapid, complex and unpredictable changes. Many new strategic issues that need to be solved are global challenges such as climate change, natural disasters, epidemics (especially the current COVID-19 epidemic) and the outstanding achievements of science and technology are strongly impacting and influencing the economic and social life of our country as well as the whole world.
The context of globalization and the increasingly deep international integration process has brought about opportunities and opportunities, but also created real challenges and risks for the cause of building socialism in Vietnam. The proactive and active integration process of our country is opening the door to development for students, bringing them many unprecedented opportunities and choices. This requires university students to strive not only to be future masters but also to shape the future of the country.
Second, strengthening the political training of students takes place in the context of the country facing many intertwined opportunities and challenges. Achievements in socio-economic development strategies have promoted the confidence of all classes of people in the leadership role of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the path to socialism.
The 13th National Party Congress is a particularly important political event, with profound influence on the whole society, orienting the future of the country. Students expressed their excitement and clearly recognized their responsibility in concretizing the viewpoints, orientations and determination to bring the Resolution into life. Constantly nurturing ambitions and aspirations to rise up for the future of the nation, promoting the sense of responsibility of students towards the country and towards society.
However, the internal difficulties and limitations of the country's economy have significantly affected economic development and many other aspects of social life. Increasing external influences, increasingly fierce competition, increasingly strong impacts of climate change, and outbreaks of diseases, especially the COVID-19 pandemic, have seriously affected the socio-economic development situation, deeply affecting people's lives.
Third, the provincial Party Committees of the North Central region focus on improving human resources, creating a favorable environment for training political qualities for the young generation. Based on the role and position of youth and students, the provincial Party Committees of the North Central region all consider them as revolutionary shock troops. The Resolutions of the Party Congresses for the 2020-2025 term all identify one of the main tasks and solutions set out in the term as improving the quality of young human resources to supplement the Party: "Continue to synchronously and effectively implement solutions to improve the quality of Education and Training and vocational education. Develop universities, colleges and training institutions in a multi-disciplinary, multi-field, internationally integrated direction, becoming a center for training human resources in the North Central region" [154].
The attention of the provincial Party Committees of the North Central provinces to the work of improving local human resources is a favorable condition for universities to be proactive in innovating models and methods of operation, especially in the current trend of university autonomy. Accordingly, universities continue to give top priority to improving the quality of human resource training, creating favorable conditions for students to strive to study and practice political qualities, becoming high-quality human resources for the locality and the whole country.
However, the economic development of the North Central region has not been commensurate with its potential, affecting the job creation for students after graduation. Compared to the whole country, the North Central region provides an abundant labor force, the quality of labor is increasingly high, but the demand for jobs has not been met. That is also the reason why the rate of students taking the university entrance exam in recent years has decreased alarmingly, causing a significant impact on the quality of human resource training in universities.
Fourth , universities in the North Central region identify the issue of training students' political qualities as both an immediate and long-term goal.
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Currently, universities continue to focus on leading the implementation of the Action Program to implement Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW of the Party Central Committee (11th Tenure) on "Fundamental and comprehensive innovation of Education and Training, meeting the requirements of industrialization and modernization in the context of a socialist-oriented market economy and international integration"; implementing the Resolution of the Party Congress of schools for the 2020-2025 term. Accordingly, students are always identified as the center of the educational process. Universities identify one of the solutions to implement the strategic development goals of the School as improving the quality of students in all aspects, paying special attention to ideological and moral education, and enhancing the training of students' political qualities.
When the COVID-19 pandemic appeared and developed in a complicated and unpredictable manner, many countries and schools chose e-learning as one of the optimal solutions to continue to maintain and develop learning. The traditional educational environment with blackboards and white chalk was replaced by virtual classrooms, teachers and students interacting with each other in cyberspace, requiring both lecturers and students to have information technology skills. The implementation of this model in the past time shows that if online learning is prolonged, it will lead to passivity and lack of self-awareness due to lack of direct interaction in the practical environment. This will limit students' learning and practice of skills and attitudes towards their careers and lives. Inspiration from lecturers and friends to each student is extremely difficult, which will affect the quality of student training at universities.
Fifth, the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has had a profound, enormous and multifaceted impact on education in general and education in universities in particular. The aspects of higher education directly affected by the Fourth Industrial Revolution include thinking, knowledge structure, skills and methods. In order not to be left behind and to be able to adapt to the unprecedented rapid changes of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, universities must equip learners with new knowledge and creativity. To meet increasingly high practical requirements, students need to be fluent in foreign languages, especially English and some foreign languages suitable for the needs of the current labor market. That is an important key to opening the door to the world of human knowledge and working in an international, multicultural environment. Students