Terrain Types: Hills, Mountains, Plateaus

The value of the system of islands and coastal rocks in Phu Yen province for tourism is first of all the landscape value and the unique, special and majestic value for tourism activities such as sightseeing, relaxation and sea sports.

Table 2.4: Characteristics of islands and coastal rocks in Phu Yen

TT

Source [1];[62]

2.2.4. Terrain types: hills, mountains, plateaus

Phu Yen has many types of terrain such as mountains, low hills and mountains distributed in coastal and plain areas, creating beautiful landscapes, very valuable for tourism. In addition, there is also a plateau terrain distributed at an altitude of 400m above sea level, with a cool climate, rich vegetation, a place with potential for PTDL sightseeing and relaxation (Table 2.5).

Table 2.5: Types of hills, mountains, and plateaus valuable for tourism

TT

Source: [1]

Figure 2.1: Long Van Lake on Van Hoa plateau (photo: Nguyen Thi Ngan)

2.2.5. Terrain types: lakes, dams, waterfalls, streams

The terrain types of lakes, dams, streams, and waterfalls are distributed in the western region of Phu Yen province, many of which have become attractive tourist destinations. These types of resources will become valuable natural resources for local tourism development if properly invested and exploited, and will supplement the coastal tourism system in the East to create a balanced East-West development. The characteristics of these terrain types are as follows:

2.2.6.1. Lake

- Song Hinh Hydroelectric Lake: The lake is about 35 km southwest of Tuy Hoa City. The water surface area is 4,100 hectares. There are a few small islands on the lake, surrounded by natural vegetation. In the dry season, the lake water is clear, people and tourists often come here to fish. The climate is cool and fresh all year round, suitable for sightseeing, entertainment and ecological tourism.

- Xuan Huong Lake: The lake is located in the center of Hai Rieng town (Song Hinh district), with a water surface area of ​​17 hectares. The lake surface is clear blue, surrounded by many trees, especially pine forests near the lake, with a fresh, cool climate all year round. The lake has a concrete bridge across it connecting to the "tourist" village in Le Diem hamlet. The suitable tourist activity here is eco-tourism associated with learning about the unique culture of ethnic minorities.

- Ba Ha River Hydroelectric Lake: Belonging to Song Hinh and Son Hoa districts, with a water surface area of ​​3,134 hectares, surrounded by deep green mountains and forests, in the middle is a vast lake with a few small islands, cool and fresh climate. Near the lake are ethnic minority villages with unique cultural features. This place is suitable for sightseeing, admiring the majestic natural scenery and the "water-blocking electricity" architectural works of humans. This place is suitable for tourists who love to explore nature.

(Photo: Nguyen Huu Xuan)

- Hao Son Lake (Sea Lake): Located in Hoa Xuan Nam commune, Dong Hoa district. The lake has a water surface area of ​​66 hectares. In the rainy season, the lake is deeply flooded, the lake bed widens, in the dry season the lake bed narrows, lotus grows densely, blooming from the end of March to August creating a very beautiful lotus lake.

- My Lam Reservoir: Located in Hoa Thinh and Hoa My Tay communes, Tay Hoa district. The lake has a water surface area of ​​10 hectares, surrounded by vegetation, with a fresh, cool climate all year round.

- Dong Tron Reservoir: Located in An Nghiep Commune, Tuy An District. The lake has a water surface area of ​​165 hectares, surrounded by rich vegetation, lakeside beaches, fresh and cool climate all year round.

2.2.6.2. Dams, streams, waterfalls

Phu Yen is a province with many streams and waterfalls that are valuable for sightseeing and picnicking. These types of terrain are distributed in mountainous districts (Table 2.6).

Table 2.6: Dams, streams, and waterfalls in Phu Yen

TT

TT

Source [1] and actual survey

(Photo: Nguyen Huu Xuan)

2.2.6. Nature reserve

In Phu Yen territory, there are two NRs: Krong Trai and Bac Deo Ca. Here, the biodiversity is rich, the environment is clean, the climate is cool, which will be ideal conditions for developing ecological tourism and sightseeing. The characteristics of the NRs are as follows:

- Krong Trai Nature Reserve:

Krong Trai Nature Reserve is located in two communes, Krong Trai and Krong Pa, Son Hoa district. The East and Northeast have low mountainous terrain, the rest of the terrain is relatively flat interspersed with some low hills about 150m high.

The reserve covers an area of ​​22,290 ha, of which 16,005 ha is natural forest (accounting for 72% of the total area); There are 3 main vegetation types: evergreen closed forest (1003 ha), semi-deciduous forest (7111 ha) and deciduous forest (7891 ha) [64]. In addition, there are other habitats such as grasslands, shrublands, and swamps.

Krong Trai has about 236 plant species, 262 terrestrial vertebrate species, including 50 mammal species, 182 bird species, 22 reptile species and 8 amphibian species. There are 09 rare plant species, including 03 species listed in the Vietnam Red Book, and 07 rare animal species, including 02 species listed in the Vietnam Red Book [64].

- Bac Deo Ca Nature Reserve:

The reserve is located in Hoa Xuan Nam and Hoa Tam communes, Dong Hoa district, Phu Yen province. It has a total area of ​​8,740 ha, a strictly protected area of ​​2,076.5 ha, a buffer zone of 1,613.7 ha, a core zone of 5,049.8 ha, and a forest area of ​​3,109.6 ha. The main vegetation type of the reserve is evergreen closed forest. According to statistics from the forestry sector, Bac Deo Ca Nature Reserve is conserving hundreds of species of animals and plants. There are many endemic and rare species (6 rare plant species, including 1 species listed in the Vietnam Red Book; 8 rare animal species, including 1 species listed in the Vietnam Red Book) [1]. The forest has many precious and typical trees such as cho, tram, de, ca na, cam, thi.

Animals include species such as crested geese, red-faced monkeys, black bears, sun bears, pangolins, leopards, porcupines, monkeys, squirrels and many species of birds [65].

2.2.7. Hot mineral springs

Phu Yen has many mineral water sources, some of which have been discovered: Tra O, Triem Duc, Phu Sen, Lac Sanh, these mineral springs are still very pristine. For tourism, hot mineral water spots have potential for resort tourism, medical treatment, and outdoor sightseeing. The natural characteristics of hot mineral spring spots are as follows:

- Tra O mineral spring: Located in Xuan Long commune, Dong Xuan district. The exposed point has coordinates: 13 o 30'29"VB; 109 o 12'50"KĐ. The mineral source was surveyed by C.Madrolle. In 1944, E.Saurin put it on the 1:500,000 geological map (Quy Nhon newspaper). According to the analysis of the Petroleum Research Institute in 1978, Tra O mineral water belongs to the group of silicon-fluorine mineral water, moderately hot; physical properties: clear, odorless; chemical type: water

Sodium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate - chloride, very low mineralization; emergent form: water flows from cracks in granite, located about 3m above the spring water level (Long Ba). The total flow is about 1 liter/s [37]. Tra O mineral spring is a medium hot water source, with a temperature of about 55 0 C, the farther from the spring, the cooler the water becomes [1].

- Triem Duc mineral spring: Located in Triem Duc village, Xuan Quang 2 commune, Dong Xuan district. The exposed point has coordinates: 13 o 21'05"VB; 109 o 03'45"KĐ. Triem Duc mineral spring was studied by C.Madrolle, F.Blondel in the years 1926-1931, in 1944 it was put on the geological map 1:500,000 by E.Saurin (Quy Nhon newspaper). The exposed water source is close to the river bank, about 4 m higher than the river surface, including many exposed points. Hot water flows up from

cracks in granite with a total flow of 3-4 l/s [37]. According to analysis by the Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Triem Duc mineral water belongs to the group of silicon-fluorine mineral water, very hot, physical properties: clear, odorless, bland taste; chemical properties: sodium bicarbonate water, very low mineralization. Mud and water in the stream can cure some diseases of the heart, joints, skin diseases... With high water temperature, above 70 o C (when the weather is cool, the rising steam can be seen), here you can boil some types of meat and eggs.

- Phu Sen mineral spring: Located in Hoa Dinh Tay commune, Phu Hoa district, coordinates: 13 o 00'23"VB; 109 o 10'00"KĐ. Here, water gushes up in a group of veins in the middle of the rice field, creating a swamp measuring about 20 x 100 m. At the largest vein, people have built 2 wells, the water level rises 0.5 m above the ground and flows out from 2 faucets with a flow rate of 0.3 l/s. In addition, there are some seepage-like exposure points on the edge of Du Tom stream about 100 m from the main exposure point, with a very small flow rate.

According to documents of Le Duc An [61] as well as analysis of Pasteur Institute Nha Trang,