3.3. Proposed hospital wastewater treatment technology
With the above research results on the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment by anaerobic method using improved EBB in the laboratory, we propose a hospital wastewater treatment plan according to the block diagram as shown in Figure 3.27.
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Figure 3.27. Block diagram of hospital wastewater treatment plan using AO technology
The flow diagram of hospital wastewater using anaerobic method combined with improved EBB biological media is shown in Figure 3.28.
Settling tank
Figure 3.28. Flow diagram of hospital wastewater using anaerobic method using improved EBB biological media
Hospital wastewater is collected through trash racks and flows into the equalization tank.
- Air conditioning tank
Wastewater from the collection pit after removing large wastes flows into the equalization tank. In the equalization tank, a stirring system is installed to increase the uniformity of the wastewater in terms of composition before entering the next treatment stages. Stirring also has the effect of preventing suspended solids from settling to avoid reducing the useful working volume of the tank and avoiding anaerobic decomposition during the time the wastewater stays in the tank, which is the cause of odor.
- Vertical settling tank
Remove suspended pollutants. From the equalization tank, wastewater is pumped into the vertical settling tank. Clear water after settling overflows into the water collection trough, flows through the pipeline into the EBB tank. Sludge settles to the bottom of the tank and is periodically discharged to the sludge tank through the sludge discharge pipe installed at the bottom of the tank.
- Improved Eco - Bio - Block biological tank
The selected strains of microorganisms are inoculated into the EBB buffer blocks, and wastewater from the equalization tank flows directly into the EBB tank. The EBB tank is divided into two compartments, an anoxic compartment and an aerobic compartment. Here, organic components, nitrogen, and SS are treated. The water overflows into the disinfection tank (Chlorine tablets) and meets the discharge standards into the natural environment.
- Sludge digestion tank
The sludge from the EBB tank is sent to the sludge decomposition tank. Here, under the influence of microorganisms, the sludge is decomposed, causing the volume of sludge to be greatly reduced and periodically pumped away for burial. Clear water from the sludge tank is returned to the equalization tank for re-treatment.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclude
Medical wastewater has the potential to have negative impacts on the environment, combined with current climate effects and environmental fluctuations, making epidemics at risk of rapid outbreaks and becoming increasingly dangerous.
During the research period of this thesis, from April 2015 to November 2015, the author concluded the following about the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment using AO technology combined with improved EBB filter tablets:
The treatment efficiency of COD, ammonium, TSS of hospital wastewater of the anaerobic system using EBB media is stable and quite high. Especially at the flow rate of 0.5 liters/hour (corresponding to a retention time of 16 hours). This efficiency gradually decreases when increasing the flow rate to 1 liter/hour, 2 liters/hour, 3 liters/hour (corresponding to a retention time of 8 hours, 4 hours, 2.7 hours).
At a flow rate of 1 liter/hour (equivalent to a retention time of 8 hours), COD, ammonium, and TSS in the wastewater output meet QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT. In this mode, the average COD treatment efficiency is 74.8%, the average treatment load is about 0.61 kg/m 3 /day. The average ammonium treatment efficiency is 71.6%, the average treatment load is about 0.06 kg/m 3 /day. The average SS treatment efficiency is 68%, the average treatment load is about 0.33 kg/m 3 /day.
At flow rates of 2 liters/hour and 3 liters/hour (corresponding to retention times of 4 hours and 2.7 hours), some indicators in the output wastewater do not meet QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT.
At 8 hour retention time mode, the system operates most efficiently.
Proposing new technology to treat hospital wastewater is necessary, ensuring a clean living environment, sustainable development of the environment and regional ecosystem, minimizing the risk of infection due to pathogens in wastewater.
The technological solution for treating hospital wastewater using the anaerobic-aerobic method using EBB biological media has high treatment efficiency, low investment and operating costs, suitable for the conditions of our country.
Recommendation
The thesis topic is only researched in the laboratory and proposes a new solution for hospital wastewater treatment. There is a need for further research, using the results of this topic for practical application, in order to improve the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment in accordance with the actual conditions as well as the development orientation of our country.
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