Some Theoretical Issues Drawn From the Thoughts of the Core Leaders of the Chinese Communist Party Through the Periods

The rise and fall of the Chinese nation reflects the nature of human beings.

According to Marx's thought, each individual also carries social characteristics. Marx believed that cultivating all the attributes of a person in society and considering him as a person with the richest possible attributes and connections, thereby creating people with the broadest possible needs. That is to say, cultivating the broadest possible human needs is an important aspect of realizing the free and all-round development of a person, which also means that, in a certain aspect, creating and satisfying the widest possible human needs is the free and all-round development of a person. The "Chinese Dream" respects the "broad needs" of people, affirms the dream of the individual and a form of society based on the fundamental principle of the free and all-round development of each person, which is a practical exploration to build a society more conducive to the all-round development of a person.

The Chinese Dream embodies the idea of “taking people as the root” and realizing “social justice”. The idea of “Chinese Dream” put forward by Xi Jinping inherits Hu Jintao’s idea of taking people as the root, and at the same time is based on China’s past achievements in economic and social development, and is put forward in the context of China’s completion of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. On that basis, the concept of “people” in the “Chinese Dream” implies the meaning of “individual”, emphasizing that the “Chinese Dream” is also the dream of every Chinese citizen. People are no longer a simple collective concept, but emphasize the need for individual development, which is the development of the idea of “taking people as the root” in Hu Jintao’s “scientific development perspective”.

Xi Jinping stated in his speech at the closing session of the First Session of the 12th National People's Congress: "The Chinese people living in the great motherland and the great era all have equal opportunities, all have the opportunity to realize their dreams, all have the opportunity to grow and progress together with the motherland and the era." This thought of Xi Jinping is the

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The development of the human-centered view in Hu Jintao's "scientific view of development". The "Communist Manifesto" also pointed out: all previous movements were movements of a few people or for the benefit of a few people, while the movement of the proletariat is a movement of the vast majority of people, for the benefit of the vast majority of people. Xi Jinping Thought in the “Chinese Dream” adheres to taking people as the root, taking “people” as the starting point of economic and social development, caring for every member of society, caring for all the interests of the masses, caring for all the people and caring for people’s livelihood, unifying the efforts to realize the ideal of national rejuvenation with the pursuit of interests for the majority of the people, demonstrating the unity of the Communist Party of China in persistently carrying out Party work and satisfying the interests of the people, unity in ensuring citizens’ rights and promoting all-round development of people, realizing the goal of development for the people, and sharing the fruits of development with all the people. The “Chinese Dream”, especially Xi Jinping Thought on all-round human development in the overall “Chinese Dream”, emphasizes social fairness and affirms the value of people from a moral perspective. According to Xi Jinping Thought, the “opportunity” that every Chinese person should have is the affirmation of the opportunity to respect the individual, realize personal ideals and goals, and enjoy the fruits of civilization development; all people in society are allowed to realize their own values in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping Thought has demonstrated the mature understanding of the Communist Party of China about the nature of socialism and the laws of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

2.2.2. Some theoretical issues drawn from the thoughts of the core leaders of the Communist Party of China through the periods

From analyzing the thoughts of the leaders of the Communist Party of China in different periods on comprehensive human development, we can see the content of comprehensive human development according to the thoughts of the Communist Party of China.

The Relationship Between Marxism and the Thought of the Communist Party of China and the Measures for All-round Human Development from the Viewpoint of the Communist Party of China.

2.2.2.1. Contents of comprehensive human development according to the ideology of the Communist Party of China

First of all, according to the ideology of the Communist Party of China, comprehensive human development is the comprehensive development of human capacity; human capacity includes the capacity to transform productive forces, then the capacity to transform production relations, and the capacity to transform oneself. These are the three types of capacity that the Communist Party of China attaches the most importance to in the process of implementing comprehensive human development. The Communist Party of China has inherited the Marxist view that “the totality of productive forces achieved by man determines the state of society” [17, p. 42]. China has continuously reformed production relations to stimulate the development of productive forces, and at the same time realized the comprehensive development of man in the process of reform.

The second is the development of human qualities. Human qualities are based on human innate talents and can be improved through education and training. Physical and mental qualities are the most basic qualities of a human being; on the basis of a healthy body, a new intelligence can be cultivated. Physical qualities and mental qualities are the most basic qualities of a human being. On the basis of a healthy body, cultivating healthy mental qualities can improve the ideological, moral, scientific and cultural qualities of each individual through education. A person's comprehensive qualities are the embodiment of an individual's ability to transform the world and are the condition for comprehensive development.

When discussing the all-round development of man, Marx talked most about the physical and intellectual development of man. From this, it can be seen that physical qualities and intellectual qualities are Marx's main thoughts about man. The Communist Party of China, in its practice of leading the socialist revolution and building socialism in China, has enriched the connotation and elements of

The composition of human qualities: The requirements for qualities are “both virtue and talent”, “both red and expert”, “comprehensive development of virtue, intelligence, body and beauty”; the standards of the new socialist man are “having ideals, morality, culture and discipline”; the way to develop human qualities is through “education”.

Third is to comprehensively develop external conditions to create the best environment for comprehensive human development. Comprehensive human development requires certain supporting external conditions to be possible because "humans are the sum of social relations", and human development is essentially the development of social relations. Marxism believes that comprehensive human development and social development are the basis and premise of each other. Comprehensive human development creates the driving force for social development, social development creates the conditions and foundation for human development. There is no society that develops independently of the development of each individual, nor is there individual development separate from social development. These two factors are unified in a historical process and constitute the entire content of the history of human development. The concept of scientific development connects the overall development of human beings with the diversity of human life, embodying the practical spirit of promoting and concretely implementing the overall development of human beings at the level of social life. In the process of more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China has made comprehensive improvements in the fields of political environment, economic environment, cultural environment, social environment, ecological environment, etc., to create the best conditions for the comprehensive development of human beings.

2.2.2.2. The relationship between Marxism and the ideology of the Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China's thought on all-round human development is first of all an inheritance and then a development of Marxist thought on all-round human development, in line with the situation of China.

First of all, the Communist Party of China identifies the central role of people in building socialism. Historical materialism holds that people

People are the driving force for economic and social development and the subject that creates history. The Communist Party of China inherits this ideology from Marxism, while emphasizing that the foundation and strength of the Party lies in the people. The people-centered development thinking is the creative application of historical materialism by the Communist Party of China. Although in today's era, science and technology are very developed, and the influence of knowledge and information technology is very great, the objective law of human historical creation remains unchanged. The Communist Party of China believes that the masses are the decisive force for the future and destiny of the country; only by respecting the materialist stance and the view that the people create history, believing in the people, relying on the people, representing the voice of the people, and taking the people as the center can the Communist Party of China continue to advance toward socialism.

Second, the Communist Party of China determined that the key to comprehensive human development is to propose a method of implementation. Freedom according to Marxist thought is not only to escape from shackles and overcome obstacles, but also to consciously and voluntarily implement measures in accordance with objective necessity, and to develop oneself according to one's own will without being restricted by objective conditions. However, due to various factors, China has not yet met the requirements of social development that Marx envisioned, and has not yet been able to realize comprehensive human development. The level of realization of human liberation that Marx envisioned is to some extent too idealistic, not close to reality, and not easy to implement when conditions do not allow. The scientific theories of C. Marx and F. Engels provide theoretical guidance for building an ideal society where there is no oppression, no exploitation, everyone is equal and everyone is free, drawing the image of a beautiful home for the oppressed and exploited proletariat and the revolutionary fighters. As for China's roadmap, after establishing a socialist country where everyone is equal, China gradually carries out comprehensive human development based on the actual conditions in each period. Thus, according to the philosophers of socialism,

For Marxists, what they care about is using theory to explain the world, but for China, the key issue lies in the method of implementation.

Third, comprehensive human development is associated with modernization. Historical materialism holds that the development of human society is a process from low to high, from simple to complex. As a manifestation of the development of human society, modernization reflects the development process of a country's modern civilization. In this process, humans are the most decisive and creative force, the most active factor. Comprehensive human development affects and determines other aspects of modernization, and is the essence and core of modernization. The goal that Marxism aims for is to establish a socialist system, which will bring everyone a rich material life and leisure time, and bring freedom to everyone. Experience and lessons from promoting modernization in some countries and regions have shown that building spiritual civilization (building culture) behind building material civilization (economic development) slows down the entire modernization process.

Fourth, human development is associated with social development. Social development in a broad sense is the unity of economic development, political development, cultural development, and improvement of people's livelihood. Productive forces are the basic driving force of social development, and the comprehensive development of human beings ultimately depends on the development of productive forces. Only when productive forces develop to a high level can people improve their capacity and develop their potential through the development of education and the increase of material wealth; only when productive forces develop to a high level can people's freedom, social character, and creativity increase; only when productive forces develop to a high level can people have time to participate in various social activities; only when productive forces develop to a high level can the opposition between individual interests and common interests be gradually eliminated.

Historical materialism holds that the development of human society is a process from low to high, from simple to complex. In this process, people

People are the most decisive and creative force, the most active factor. The comprehensive development of people affects and determines other aspects of modernization, and is the essence and core of modernization. The Communist Party of China has always attached great importance to human development, emphasized the dialectical unity between human development and social development and social modernization, and affirmed that comprehensive human development is to gradually realize the free and comprehensive development of people on the basis of the continuous development of society.

On the basis of inheriting and developing Marxism, the Communist Party of China has gradually perfected its ideological system on comprehensive human development with the core idea of taking people as the center, emphasizing the dialectical relationship between human development and social development, attaching importance to promoting the comprehensive development of people and the comprehensive progress of society. This reflects the law of modernization development and enriches and develops Marx's theory of comprehensive human development. The goal of modernization that China is aiming for follows the people-centered approach, which is modernization for the people, based on the people, and sharing the fruits of the people.

2.2.2.3. Measures for comprehensive human development according to the viewpoint of the Communist Party of China

First, economic development, ensuring the material basis for comprehensive human development. Inheriting the ideology of Marxism, the Communist Party of China believes that the liberation and development of productive forces has always been the fundamental task of socialism. Social productive forces are the driving force for comprehensive human development, and the material conditions for human existence and development cannot be separated from the contribution of productive forces. Only when humans solve the problem of survival can we talk about enjoyment and development; only when humans are free from dependence on material things can we realize personal liberation, thereby realizing comprehensive human development. The liberation of productive forces provides material means for comprehensive human development, and at the same time brings free time for humans to promote their own development. Labor productivity increases

The rise of the Chinese Communist Party has reduced working hours, thereby increasing leisure time, creating conditions for people to rest, develop hobbies, learn and cultivate new skills, and at the same time create good opportunities to enhance abilities, improve qualities and develop human personality. Therefore, the Communist Party of China believes that it is necessary to pay attention to the people's needs for a good life, enhance the people's enthusiasm and initiative, create a rich material basis for modernization, and thereby realize comprehensive human development at a higher level and in a wider scope.

Second, political construction and institutional improvement ensure the comprehensive development of human beings. The Communist Party of China believes that human social life is essentially institutionalized, and various institutions influence human social life, setting standards and norms for human life within a certain scope. Human development is based on social relations and is subject to the constraints of a political institution. Every independent individual must play a specific role in a certain institution and form a certain social relationship. According to Marx's thought, human beings are essentially the sum of all social relations. The comprehensive development of human beings requires a stable and good social environment, and a harmonious society depends on reasonable and healthy institutions. Therefore, according to the thought of the Communist Party of China, promoting and realizing the comprehensive development of human beings requires policy support and institutional guarantees. The cause of socialism is closely linked to the existence and development of all people. People must raise their sense of mastery, enthusiastically and proactively participate to ensure that the construction of socialism is carried out smoothly and the goals of modernization are completed on schedule.

Third, build culture and create spiritual motivation to realize comprehensive human development. According to the ideology of the Communist Party of China, to realize comprehensive human development, it is necessary to have a solid material foundation, and at the same time, it is necessary to build and develop Chinese culture under socialist conditions, in order to enhance social awareness and sense of responsibility of each individual. Only when the masses

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