related to the topic. This method is also used to study theoretical documents of journalism as well as to systematize theoretical issues of journalism and broadcasting to create a basis for the research topic. For example, analyzing practical data of 57 news bulletins broadcast in March and April 2015 of Bac Giang Radio and Television Station, 52 news bulletins broadcast in March and April 2015 of Lang Son Radio and Television Station, 55 news bulletins broadcast in March and April 2015.
Survey method: used to survey the current status of radio news broadcast on radio and television in Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, and Lang Son.
Analysis and synthesis method: used to identify and analyze elements that represent the content and form of news bulletins.
Statistical method : during the survey, the author used this method in combination with the analysis and synthesis method to draw out parameters on the content and form of the news bulletins in the survey area.
Comparative method : used to compare data between the 3 surveyed stations to highlight the successes and limitations in the content and form of the radio news broadcast at the surveyed stations. The author also uses this method to see the common points and differences between the news broadcasts of local stations.
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Interview method : conducted with the subjects who are leaders, managers, editors and reporters directly participating in making news bulletins at 03 survey stations, thereby having more basis to propose solutions to improve the quality of news bulletins accordingly.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the topic
6.1. Theoretical significance:
The topic clarifies the concepts and theoretical issues related to news bulletins of local radio and television stations. The topic contributes to providing specific and basic solutions and methods to improve the quality of news bulletins broadcast on local radio and television stations.
6.2. Practical significance:
In terms of practical significance, the topic will provide an overview of the current state of radio news broadcasts on local radio and television stations, helping radio news reporters see the successes and limitations of local radio news. The topic contributes suggestions and solutions to improve the quality of radio news broadcasts on Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, and Lang Son radio and television stations.
In addition, the topic is a reference document for journalism students, especially students majoring in broadcasting, reporters, radio editors and those interested in this field.
7. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is structured into 03 chapters with the following contents:
Chapter 1: Some theoretical issues on local radio news
Chapter 2: Current status of news broadcast on radio and television stations in Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, and Lang Son.
Chapter 3: Innovative solutions to improve the quality of local radio news
Chapter 1: SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES ON LOCAL RADIO NEWS
1.1. Some concepts related to the topic
1.1.1. Concept of News, Radio News
1.1.1.1. Concept of News
News is the most basic genre of journalism because "if calculated by the rate of articles published in each newspaper, the amount of news can account for up to 70%". Going back in history, news is also the earliest genre and is the foundation for the formation of other genres of journalism. However, until now, researchers have not yet agreed on an official concept of the news genre. There are many opinions regarding the definition of news.
The Vietnamese Dictionary defines news as: 1/ A report that informs about an event or situation that is happening; 2/ A communication or reflection in different forms, informing about the surrounding world and the processes that occur in it.
According to author Duc Dung: " ...News is the most popular, most dynamic genre and most clearly demonstrates the sensitivity and authenticity of journalism in reflecting a reality that is always moving and changing". News " has the task of promptly informing about current events and happenings", and " News has the task of reflecting new events, not the task of going into depth to solve problems" [5, p.68].
There is also a view that: "News is real data, honestly recorded about events happening in the world".
In the book Journalistic Works, Volume 1, authors Ta Ngoc Tan and Nguyen Tien Hai define news as “ the most popular genre of journalism. It quickly reflects meaningful current events in social life with concise, brief, direct and easy-to-understand language” [17, p.50].
Author Dinh Van Huong in the lecture News Genre (at the Faculty of Journalism, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi) defined: "News is one of the genres belonging to the group of press news, in which the announcement, reflection, and commentary are brief, accurate, and quick about events, issues, people, and have certain political and social significance" [14, p.15].
Thus, through analysis and distillation of similarities from different concepts of news, the author presents a concept of news as follows:
+ News is a popular, basic genre of journalism.
+ News quickly reflects current events.
+ The news is presented in a concise and succinct manner.
+ News has certain political and social significance.
1.1.1.2. Concept of Radio News
Speaking of radio news, first of all, we are talking about a genre of journalism - a news genre with the characteristics of content and form of this genre. In addition, the radio news genre is also influenced by the characteristics of the radio journalism type such as: using synthetic sound; fast information, simultaneous reception; widespread broadcasting; reception in chronological order. Therefore, in addition to the characteristics of the journalism genre in general, radio news also has its own characteristics.
In 1993, author Nguyen Dinh Luong in the book Spoken Journalism published in 1993 stated: " Radio news is events or changes of people, things and phenomena communicated to the receiver by radio media" [15, p.73].
This concept refers to an aspect of the content of news that reflects events and changes and also indicates the way in which radio news affects through radio media. However, in our opinion, this definition is still general because it does not indicate specific characteristics.
of news while all genres used in radio journalism reflect events, developments and are communicated to the receiver through the radio media.
In 2002, author Vu Thuy Binh in the chapter Radio News of the book Radio Newspaper defined: "Radio news is new events, new incidents, new situations about people, things and phenomena that have happened or are continuing, communicated briefly, directly and easily to listeners by radio media" [8, p.245].
This definition has clarified the characteristics of radio news, with content that quickly reflects new events and incidents, in a concise, direct, easy-to-understand form, and the impact of this genre is through radio media. However, the above definition still has a point that has not received consensus from researchers due to the way radio news is called new events and incidents. Because radio news is first of all a genre of radio journalism, that is, a whole of content and corresponding form. Events are the content of news, but not all events are news because there are events that are not perceived, discovered, and reflected in the work by journalists. Life takes place with countless events appearing every day, only events reflected in news become the content of news.
In the book " Radio Production Guide" of the Australian School of Broadcasting and Film, it is stated that: " Radio news is concise, clear speech in a relatively short time to describe what happened, what is happening and, if possible, what is going to happen based on independent speculation ".
In the book "Journalism genres: News, Reports, Quick notes", published by Politics - Administration in 2013, Dr. Pham Thi Thanh Tinh wrote: " Radio and television news is a genre of journalism whose mission is to reflect new events, new incidents, new situations about people, things, and phenomena that have happened or are continuing.
conveyed in a concise, direct, and easy-to-understand manner to the public through the media of Radio and Television” [19, p. 17]. According to Dr. Pham Thi Thanh Tinh, “ news on radio and television usually lasts about 20-40 seconds. News with sounds and characters’ words usually lasts one minute ”. [19, p. 23]
Accordingly, the author of the thesis can summarize the main points related to the understanding of radio news:
+ Radio news is a basic and most popular genre of radio journalism.
+ It quickly reflects new events that have just happened, are happening, are about to happen, and will happen.
+ It is expressed in audio form with concise, short, easy-to-understand, direct language and is transmitted on radio waves.
1.1.2. Concept of news bulletin, news bulletin
1.1.2.1. Concept of news bulletin, news bulletin
Newspapers were born from news bulletins. And until now, the news genre has always affirmed its indispensable important role for any type of journalism. The news section is a mandatory program and determines the existence and orientation of a newspaper in general. With radio, news programs always attract the most attention from listeners, followed by entertainment sections.
News is one of the forms of conveying press information. For a radio station as a press agency, news exists in two forms. First is an independent radio program. Second, news is part of the content of the radio news program. In the research of this thesis, the author of the thesis researched in the second direction, because news is part of the content of the news program on the majority of local radio stations.
According to www.wattpad.com, there is a definition of news: news
is a genre of journalistic writing that aims to inform truthfully and promptly.
news events that are meaningful in life. News usually has 3 parts: headline, news introduction, news detail. In which, headline and news introduction are often stated directly, containing the most important general information. News detail can be detailed, explain the cause or result, report the event in detail.
The website luonluon.com believes that: a news bulletin is the basic unit of press information to convey and reflect on a new event that is of interest to everyone or a few people.
The core element of news is information. All functions of the press (including broadcasting) are carried out through information. In general, information is the amount of knowledge that one person or one object wants to transfer to another person or another object, what A thinks B does not know and needs to know, B wants to know and A wants to transfer. For the press, information becomes a part of knowledge, ideas (created and recreated by journalists from reality) transferred from journalists to the public to provide knowledge, change perception and sense behavior. In other words, information is the starting point, the most basic root of the communication process, deciding the effectiveness - results compared to the original purpose of the communicator.
In today's era, due to the urgent need to grasp and exchange information in society, news plays an extremely important role in daily life. There are also many types of news, but there are two main types: photo news and text news. Text news includes short news, regular news, reported news, and summary news. In its most complete form, news often has a two-part structure: headline (article title, title, news name) and content. The headline must be concise, curious, attractive, and reveal the most important information. The content must be accurate about the time, location, developments, and results of events and phenomena that have occurred. More important events are listed first.
According to the Vietnamese Dictionary of the Lexicography Center, Da Nang Publishing House in 1998, it is explained: " Current events are a general collection of more or less important events in a certain field, usually socio-political, occurring in the most recent period of time and receiving much attention" [20, p.956]
According to the Vietnamese Dictionary of the Center for Vietnamese Language and Culture, published by Culture and Information in 1999: " Current events are all more or less important events that have just happened and are of interest to many people ." [21, p.159]
News is a chronological recording of historical events including news genres broadcast verbally.
1.1.2.2. Distinguishing between radio news bulletins and news programs
According to the authors GV Cu do nhit phan, XL Xvich, A.La.Iu rob xki in the book Television Journalism : " a news program " is simply like a newspaper bulletin, announcing events, moreover, those events are analyzed, summarized, ... In fact, the topic of the bulletin is unlimited: agriculture, art, business, inventions, events in international life" [22, pp.83-84].
So, to talk about “current events” is to talk about newness, updating, and speed. Based on the above research and analysis, the author of the thesis would like to propose the following concept of the term “radio news program”: a radio news program is a program that quickly and promptly conveys information about events and issues that many people are interested in on the radio.
The term “program” is often used in radio and television. Television also has “news programs” and radio also has “news programs”. However, each type of program has its own characteristics due to the characteristics of the type and the method of transmission. In fact, although the two types are different, in the context of fierce information competition today, the news programs of these two types always strive to bring information content to the public as quickly as possible.