Social Work Policy in Sustainable Poverty Reduction

income, but poor in other conditions. This is a method to overcome the shortcomings and limitations of current policies. This method helps ensure a minimum standard of living, while providing basic social services, gradually reducing poverty sustainably.

On that basis, Decision No. 59/2015/QD-TTg dated November 19, 2015 not only promulgates standards for poor households and near-poor households but also for households with average living standards to serve as a basis for orienting policies for regional and sectoral economic development, social security and welfare. Specifically:

* Poor households:

- Rural area: is a household that meets one of the following two criteria:

+ Have an average monthly income per capita of 700,000 VND or less;

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+ Have average income per capita/month from 700,000 VND to

1,000,000 VND and a shortage of 03 or more indicators measuring the level of lack of access to basic social services.

- Urban area: Households that meet one of the following two criteria:

+ Have an average monthly income per capita of 900,000 VND or less;

+ Have average income per capita/month from 900,000 VND to

1,300,000 VND and a shortage of 03 or more indicators measuring the level of lack of access to basic social services.

* Near poor households:

- Rural area: Household with average income per capita/month above

700,000 VND to 1,000,000 VND and a shortage of 03 indicators measuring the level of shortage of access to basic social services.

- Urban area: Household with average monthly income per capita above

900,000 VND to 1,300,000 VND and a shortage of 03 indicators measuring the level of shortage of access to basic social services.

* Households with average living standards:

- Rural area: Household with average monthly income per capita above

1,000,000 VND to 1,500,000 VND.

- Urban area: Household with average monthly income per capita above

1,300,000 VND to 1,950,000 VND.

In Binh Duong, the Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No. 65/2015/QD-UBND dated December 23, 2015 on regulating multidimensional poverty standards in Binh Duong province for the period 2016-2020 and the reservation policy for households escaping poverty.

* Poor households:

- Rural area: is a household that meets one of the following two criteria:

+ Have an average monthly income per capita of 1,200,000 VND or less;

+ Have average income per capita/month from 1,200,000 VND to

1,600,000 VND and a shortage of 03 or more indicators measuring the level of lack of access to basic social services (a shortage of 30/100 total points of lack of basic social services or more).

- Urban area: Households that meet one of the following two criteria:

+ Have an average monthly income per capita of 1,400,000 VND or less;

+ Have average income per capita/month from 1,400,000 VND to

1,800,000 VND and a shortage of 03 or more indicators measuring the level of lack of access to basic social services (a shortage of 30/100 total points of lack of basic social services or more).

* Near poor households:

- Rural area: Household with average monthly income per capita above

1,200,000 VND to 1,600,000 VND and a shortage of 03 indicators measuring the level of shortage of basic social services. (a shortage of 30/100 total points of shortage of basic social services or more).

- Urban area: Household with average monthly income per capita above

1,400,000 VND to 1,800,000 VND and a shortage of 03 indicators measuring the level of shortage of basic social services (a shortage of 30/100 total points of shortage of basic social services or more).

* Households with average living standards:

- Rural area: Household with average monthly income per capita above

1,600,000 VND to 2,400,000 VND.

- Urban area: Household with average monthly income per capita above

1,800,000 VND to 2,700,000 VND.

- It can be said that, with the multidimensional poverty approach to promulgate the poverty standards mentioned above, Vietnam has gradually approached the world in determining poor households, as a basis for promulgating and implementing the GNBV policy. Understanding the concept of poverty is the basis and is always placed in a correlation with the concept of poverty reduction.

- Poverty reduction, in its simplest sense; reduction means to reduce, to make less of one or more entities. In this sense, poverty reduction means to reduce the number of poor people, poor households in an area; to reduce the number of poor communes, particularly disadvantaged communes, to reduce the number of poor districts in a province, a region or a country, to narrow the income gap between population groups, to narrow the gap and difference in living standards between regions in a locality, region or country.

- Poverty reduction, in a narrow sense, is the solutions, policies, and activities of the state, society, or of the poor themselves, poor households, and poor communities, aimed at creating conditions for poor households to increase their income, helping them escape the situation where their income does not meet their minimum needs based on the poverty standards prescribed by each locality, region, or country.

- In a broad sense, based on the multidimensional poverty approach, poverty reduction and the collection of solutions, policies, and activities of the State, society, and the poor themselves, poor households, and poor communities, aiming to create conditions for poor households to overcome poverty, meet the minimum needs of life, limit vulnerabilities and risks, and enhance the position and voice of the poor in the decisions of the social community.

1.2.4. Sustainable poverty reduction

- For a long time, talking about unsustainable poverty reduction means talking about the situation of falling back into poverty. However, if we only consider the aspect of falling back into poverty, it does not fully reflect the unsustainability of the poverty reduction process. From an economic perspective, according to the encyclopedia, sustainable development is development in all aspects in the present while still ensuring continued development in the distant future.

- The unsustainability of poverty reduction can be expressed in many different aspects including: The situation of falling back into poverty (for households that have escaped the poverty line) or falling into poverty (for near-poor households); The situation of remaining vulnerable and at risk; The situation of not having a clear change in capacity and awareness; The situation of not fully integrating and accessing the market, especially the labor market and the goods market.

- Based on the scientific analysis, the author believes that GNBV is a concept that refers to a collection of solutions, policies, and activities of the State, society, and the poor themselves, poor households, and poor communities to create conditions for poor households to escape poverty in the present and ensure that they continue to develop in the distant future. At the same time, GNBV is also solutions, policies, activities, or in other words, creating conditions for poor communities to develop sustainably.

From the above concept, we see that GNBV has the following characteristics:

Solutions, policies, and activities of the state, society, and the poor themselves, poor households, and poor communities to achieve GNBV must be placed in programs, orientations, and in correlation with the socio-economic development of a locality, region, and nation, and identified by state authorities at all levels as a key task of socio-economic development.

Solutions, policies, and activities of the State, society, and the poor themselves, poor households, and poor communities help the poor have a livelihood that brings stable income, not only exceeding the poverty line but also reaching an average standard of living or higher, based on the poor themselves and poor households.

Solutions, policies, and activities of the State and society guide and create conditions for the poor and poor communities to improve their capacity, awareness, and self-reliance without waiting or relying on the support of the State and community.

Solutions, policies, and activities of the State, society, and the poor themselves, poor households, and poor communities to achieve GNBV also pay special attention to the emergence of new poverty in the community, or in other words, creating conditions for poor communities to develop sustainably.

1.2.5. Social work policy in sustainable poverty reduction

First of all, social work policy is also social policy. Because, as analyzed above, social work is a profession and the social work profession is also a field of activity in which, thanks to training, social workers have the knowledge, skills, and professional ethics to provide social work services, meeting the needs of capacity building and strengthening the social functions of individuals, families, and communities in need of assistance. Social work policy guides and regulates the movement and development of social work and ultimately, social work policy is to develop people and promote development.

Thus, social work policy is the institutionalization and concretization of the State's solutions in forming and developing social work with the aim of promoting the role and function of the social work profession in assisting subjects according to the Party's viewpoints and guidelines, aiming towards fairness, social progress and comprehensive human development.

From the above concepts of GNBV, social policy and social work, we can draw the concept of social work policy in GNBV, which is: Institutionalization and concretization of the State's solutions in forming and developing social work into a professional profession, ensuring that social work workers implement approaches and methods of the social work profession and professionalize social work services for the poor according to the Party's viewpoint and guidelines in implementing GNBV policy, in order to contribute to responding to fairness, social progress and comprehensive human development.

1.2.6. The relationship between sustainable poverty reduction and social work policy in sustainable poverty reduction

Also a social policy, poverty reduction policy is the decisions or regulations of the State specified in programs and projects along with resources, procedures or processes, and implementation mechanisms to impact specific subjects such as the poor, poor households, and poor communities with the purpose of poverty reduction.

In order to achieve GNBV, reality shows that there need to be many different groups of policies such as direct impact policies, indirect impact policies and groups that impact the multidimensional nature of poverty. The group of policies that indirectly impact poverty reduction are economic and social policies implemented to promote economic growth and address social equity issues. These are policies that, when implemented, do not achieve the policy goals of poverty reduction. Policies that directly impact poverty reduction are policies that directly support the poor (poor people, poor households and poor communities). These policies target a specific group of poor people and each policy always has a specific goal related to a certain cause of poverty. The ultimate goal of direct support policies is poverty reduction.

The policy groups that impact the multidimensional nature of poverty include: policies that create conditions for the poor to increase their income; policies that create conditions for the poor to access basic social services; policies that reduce risks and vulnerabilities; and policies that enhance the voice and power of the poor. The objectives of the policies in each of these policy groups are very specific, affecting certain aspects of poverty. However, within each policy group, there are policies that have direct or indirect impacts.

The relationship between GNBV policy and social work policy in GNBV is shown in the following points:

- In planning and implementing social policies in GNBV, GNBV policies are considered as the State's policies and actions implemented through programs and services related to the poor.

- The GNBV policy is the basis, legal basis, and resource that the social work policy in GNBV must use to perfect its social work policy with the aim of assisting the poor.

- We know that social workers in GNBV participate in the process of researching, planning and implementing GNBV policies. They are responsible for implementing and providing assistance services based on existing GNBV policies. Thus; social workers' policies in GNBV play a role in conveying and bringing GNBV policies into life, contributing significantly to the success of a specific CSGN, helping CSGN reach the poor and maximize their effectiveness.

- Social workers in GNBV also participate in evaluating the implementation process and the appropriateness of GNBV policies. Therefore, social work policies in GNBV are a necessary condition and basis for relevant authorities to have information and data sources to serve the process of adjusting GNBV policies most effectively.

1.3. The role of social work policy in sustainable poverty reduction

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1.3.1. Social work policy is the political and legal basis for

social work practice for the poor:

We know that law is the act of acting on the basis of the predetermined rules of conduct of the law, with law there is a legal basis - that is the application, the scientific application of the provisions of the law. Practice, in the most general sense, is the act of applying theory to reality. Practicing social work for the poor is the application of scientific theory of social work in general and the approach, method, and content of social work for the poor in particular.

into practice supporting the poor with the aim of helping the poor escape poverty in a sustainable way.

Social work policies in poverty reduction are legal regulations on the formation and development of the social work profession; objects, scope, methods, contents, relationships and related matters in the activities of social work for the poor. These are the legal basis and legal conditions for practicing social work in the field of poverty reduction. In other words, social work policies in poverty reduction are the legal basis for practicing social work for the poor.

1.3.2. Orientation and adjustment of social work activities for the poor

Social work policy in GNBV is a customer service originating from social work practice in GNBV. At the same time, social work policy in GNBV is also a tool for the State to manage social work in GNBV according to the viewpoints and will of the Party and the State on the social work profession, on GNBV and social work in GNBV. Social work policy orients and regulates social work activities for the poor, first of all, orients and regulates the activities and behaviors of subjects to develop social work into a professional profession. These are professional activities, carried out according to specific principles and methods to support individuals, families, social groups and communities in solving problems; helping subjects to improve their lives and integrate into the community. Orientation and adjustment in training social work human resources in general and social work human resources for the poor in particular in terms of training level, vocational skills, professional ethics, employment after vocational training and contact subjects. Orientation and adjustment in the formation, consolidation and development of the network of social work service facilities, the system

Social work services for those in need of assistance and the poor.

At the same time, ensure that social workers implement social work approaches and methods and professionalize social work services in providing and connecting social services, performing advocacy, education, therapy, consultation, management, and supervision tasks.

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