PREFACE
1. Urgency of the topic
The right to social security (SS) is one of the basic human rights. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights has stated: All human beings, as members of society, have the right to SS. Ensuring SS is always an inevitable and objective requirement for the state to perform both its class and social functions.
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Overview of Theoretical Studies on Social Security
The social security system is a part of the social development model to achieve the goal of a rich people, a strong country, democracy, fairness, and civilization. The operation of the social security system is where the “socialist orientation” of the market economy is most clearly demonstrated, in which people always have, including the feeling of a stable and safe life, the ability to prevent shocks and have “life buoys” when encountering unusual risks.
For many years, our Party and State have always paid attention to building and implementing social security policies, considering them both a goal and a driving force for sustainable development and socio-political stability. The scope of policy beneficiaries has been increasingly expanded, and the level of support has been increased. Investment resources for developing social sectors have been increasingly large. Our country has achieved many important achievements, especially in poverty reduction, job creation, education and training, healthcare, and assistance to people in particularly difficult circumstances. The material and spiritual lives of the poor and ethnic minorities have been improved and have been recognized and highly appreciated internationally.
On the other hand, since our country has shifted to a market economy, whether we want it or not, consciously or spontaneously, we must follow the laws of the market economy, including social security issues. Social nature and competitive nature
The competition of the market economy itself raises social and social security issues in the process of economic development. Therefore, social policy and social security are not the state's favor to the people, but first of all, they originate from the need for economic development. That is the universal nature of the social security issue that even capitalism, if it wants to exist and develop, must follow. This universal nature is increasingly valued as the intrinsic goal of the socialist orientation. Our country has shifted to a market economy with a starting point from a centralized and subsidized economic system for a period of time, so the awareness of social security in the market economy is not complete in terms of the universal nature as well as the specific nature of social security policies in our country. In each stage of market economic development, it is necessary to value the specific nature of social security policies, thereby discovering the need for social security along with the resources to meet that need.
However, in reality, our country's social security policy system is still scattered, overlapping, ineffective, job creation and poverty reduction are not sustainable. The rate of near-poor and re-poor households is still high; social allowances are still low; education and training have not met development requirements; the work of protecting and taking care of people's health, especially for the poor, people in remote areas, and ethnic minorities, is still limited; the rate of malnourished children is still high and decreasing slowly; the rate of people participating in social insurance and health insurance is still low; the living standards of some poor people and ethnic minorities have not yet met the minimum level and there is a gap between mountainous areas and ethnic minority areas and the national average. The above limitations are due to many reasons, including the lack of consensus in the perception of the content, role and position of social security in the social development model, so the social security system has not kept up with economic development, resources for implementing social security assurance are still limited, mainly relying on the State, not encouraging people and social partners to actively participate.
Nghia Hung is a district in the southwest of Nam Dinh province with an area of 250.47 km², population: 202,281 people (2007), 48.9% of whom are Catholic. The district has 25 administrative units including 22 communes and 3 towns. Nghia Hung is located in the coastal area of the Southern Red River Delta, a purely coastal district, Nghia Hung is favorable for the development of a diverse agricultural economy. However, agriculture is still traditional, dependent on the weather, and Nghia Hung has a long coastline, so every time there is a natural disaster, people's lives are seriously affected, some households fall into poverty. In recent years, the number of poor households in Nghia Hung district has decreased gradually every year (2011: 13.39%; 2014: 10.37%). This result is largely due to the social security policies of the government, all levels and sectors and the efforts of poor households in the locality. However, the implementation of social security in the locality still has some shortcomings.
From the reality of social security policy, especially the impact of social security policy on poverty in rural, remote, isolated and extremely disadvantaged areas, the author chose the topic "Social security policy for poor households in Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province" as the topic of his graduation thesis.
The research question of the topic is : What should Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province do and how should it do it to effectively implement social security policies for poor households in the district?
2. Research purpose and tasks
2.1. Research purpose
Analyze and evaluate the current status of social security policies for poor households in Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province in the past time, thereby proposing solutions to effectively implement social security policies for poor households in Nghia Hung district in the coming time.
2.2. Research tasks
- Systematize theoretical issues on social security - social security policies for poor households.
- Review and evaluate current social security policies in terms of ensuring equal access, participation, and benefits for poor households in Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province, period 2012 - 2014.
- Propose some solutions to effectively implement social security policies for poor households in Nghia Hung district in the coming time.
3. Research object and scope
3.1. Research subjects
Social Security Policy for Poor Households.
3.2. Scope of research
Location: Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province.
Time: 2011-2014. The thesis chose this time frame to see the changes in social security work of the district 2 years before and after Nam Dinh province implemented the Resolution of the 5th Conference of the 11th Party Central Committee - some issues on social security policies for the period 2012-2020. At the same time, it is also the period 2 years before and after Nghia Hung district completed the land consolidation work.
4. Contribution of the thesis
- Clarify and improve theoretical issues on the social security system and social security policies for poor households.
- Evaluate achievements and limitations in implementing social security policies for poor households in Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province.
- Propose some solutions to improve social security policies for poor households in Nghia Hung district in the coming time.
5. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of tables, list of abbreviations, list of references, the thesis consists of 4 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of research situation, theoretical basis and practice on social security policy for poor households
Chapter 2: Research methods
Chapter 3: Implementation of social security policies for poor households in Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province
Chapter 4: Some solutions to better implement social security policies in Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province in the coming time
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH, THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY FOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS
1.1. Overview of research related to the topic
In recent years, the issue of social security in general and social security for poor households in particular has been of interest and research to many scholars. There have been many articles and research works on social security for poor households and issues related to social security policies. Some of the works and articles by authors that have been published include;
Author Mai Ngoc Cuong in the book " Social policy for rural - urban migration in Vietnam today" , the author presented some general issues on social policy for rural - urban migration today, analyzed the current status of social policy for rural - urban migration, directions and solutions to improve rural - urban migration policy in the coming time.
Author Mai Ngoc Cuong in the book " Improving the social security policy system in our country in the period of 2006-2015 " also assessed the current status of the social security system and the implementation of social security policies in Vietnam in the past time, pointed out the achievements, limitations, strengths, weaknesses, and causes of the existence of the social security policy system in Vietnam today; analyzed the trend of innovation of the social security system and the social security policy system in the world and the policies of our Party and State on building the social security system and social security policies in the coming years to clarify the requirements for social security issues in Vietnam and propose solutions to build a comprehensive national system of social security in Vietnam in the period of 2006-2015; Proposed to State management agencies to select priority targets
The first of its kind is the application of the social security program in the innovation of the social security system and the planning and implementation of the social security policy system in our country.
Author Mai Ngoc Cuong in the topic " Building and perfecting the social security policy system in Vietnam " also provided an overview of the current status of the social security system in Vietnam in terms of policies on social insurance, health insurance, social incentives, and social assistance. The author evaluated the current regular social assistance policy and proposed a number of directions and solutions for implementing the policy in the overall social security system in the coming time.
Author Bui Van Hong in the topic " Research on expanding the subjects participating in social insurance for self-employed workers and income " clarified the concept and main characteristics of self-employed workers, the current situation of self-employed workers in our country in recent times and proposed appropriate types of social insurance, social insurance subsidy regimes, payment and benefit mechanisms of social insurance types for self-employed workers.
In the book “ Designing and implementing effective social protection and social promotion safety nets ” by the World Bank, Culture and Information Publishing House in 2008; There are many research articles on the experiences of countries in building social security policies. The authors have provided theoretical bases and many lessons learned from countries in building social security policies.
Dr. Mac The Anh in the topic " Social security for farmers in the market economy conditions in Vietnam " recognized many issues of social security in Vietnam implemented in the conditions of a market economy with state management in the direction of socialism, while emphasizing the role of social insurance in social security policy.
The master's thesis " The impact of the social security system on the poverty problem of farmers in Van Chan district - Yen Bai province " by Mai Ngoc Anh has systematized theoretical issues on the social security system, social security policies on the poverty problem. The author has assessed the current implementation of social security policies as well as proposed a number of solutions to effectively implement social security policies to solve the poverty problem of farmers in Van Chan district - Yen Bai province.
Author Bui Dinh Thanh in the work "Theoretical viewpoints, methodologies and methods of social policy research" (Science and Society Publishing House, Hanoi, 1993) deeply analyzed the concept of "social policy" and presented general theoretical issues on social policy such as: Viewpoints, methodologies of social policy research; humanity and revolution in social policy planning and social management mechanisms; the relationship between social policy and population, economy and social classes such as women, youth...
In the work "Some issues on social policy in our country today" (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1993), author Hoang Chi Bao mentioned the following issues: General theory of social policy; structure of social policy, relationship of social policy with other policies, relationship of social policy with social classes and strata; innovation of social policy in the current situation,...
The above reports and works all have different references to social security as well as some social security policies for the world.
Most research works have mentioned and clearly analyzed the theoretical basis of the concept and role of social security. Although there are different approaches, in general, social security is understood in both senses: Broadly, social security is all measures of the State, community, and individuals to ensure social security.