Overview of Theoretical Studies on Social Security

- Benefits of voluntary social insurance

- State support level for participants.

informal sector workers

wish

- Contribution level

- Closing method,

- - Closing time

- Procedure

- Location closed ...)

Communication activities

- Form

- Content

- Executing apparatus

Awareness, needs and ability to participate of workers who have not participated in voluntary social insurance

7. New points of the Thesis

The voluntary social insurance policy was introduced in 2008, and is still quite new to many workers and scientists. Some studies aim to determine the needs and desires of workers when participating in voluntary social insurance; other studies focus on evaluating the regime and policies.... Meanwhile, there is a lack of studies on the participation of workers in the field of voluntary social insurance. The new contributions of the thesis are shown in the following points:

- In theory: the thesis has applied sociological theories in the study of the current status of voluntary social insurance participation of employees, which is the approach from the theory of rational choice, the theory of participation and the theory of functional structure. In particular, the theory of participation is applied to explain and clarify the level of voluntary social insurance participation of employees - direct or indirect participation, expressed through the following aspects: the number of employees participating in voluntary social insurance. Employees' assessment of the policy regime, level of satisfaction. What role do employees play in propagating and disseminating voluntary social insurance policies. The role of employees in monitoring policy implementation.

- In practice, the thesis provides an overview of the current status of participation, needs and aspirations of workers - beneficiaries of voluntary social insurance policies; factors affecting workers' participation in voluntary social insurance. The data collected from the study is a rich and useful source of data. The research results of the thesis are a practical basis to help policy makers build and perfect voluntary social insurance regimes suitable to the needs and aspirations of workers, while raising awareness of workers in the informal sector to participate in voluntary social insurance.

8. Structure of the thesis

The thesis is structured into 4 main parts:

Introduction Contents

Chapter 1: Overview of research on social security, social security for workers, informal economic sector, research on workers' participation in social security.

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis, practical basis and research methods Chapter 3: Informal sector workers participating in voluntary social insurance.

Chapter 4: Factors affecting voluntary social insurance participation of informal sector workers

Conclusion and recommendations

CHAPTER 1. RESEARCH OVERVIEW

From the perspective of human rights and social security, topics on social security for workers in the informal sector have been paid attention to and discussed by many scientists. In this chapter, the author focuses on analyzing previous studies with three main directions: First, Overview of theoretical studies on social security; Second, research on social security for workers in the informal sector; Third, research on voluntary social insurance for workers in the informal sector.

1.1. Overview of theoretical studies on Social Security

International scholars and researchers have affirmed that social security is one of the important elements to ensure economic growth, social cohesion, harmonious and sustainable development, contributing to political stability of each country and region. Therefore, to clarify the theory of social security, the model of social security, and the implementation of social security rights have been studied by a large number of scientists for a long time. Especially in the context of market economic development and international integration going into depth following the increasingly strong trend of globalization and the impact of political and social fluctuations in regions, these issues are focused on more research. Theoretical studies on social security have been conducted by international organizations of the United Nations, development banks and leading experts on social security over the past 50 years. However, there are still many differences in perception and approach.

The view of the International Labor Organization (ILO) (1952) is that " Social security is a protection which society provides for its members through a series of widely applied measures to cope with economic and social hardships and shocks that result from the loss or serious reduction of earnings resulting from sickness, maternity, employment injury, unemployment or death, and the provision of medical care and subsidies for the families of victims.

"having children" . This concept is widely used in ILO member countries, but each country often applies and concretizes it to suit its own conditions.

The World Bank (2011) defines: “ Social security is a public measure to help individuals, households and communities prevent, limit and overcome risks affecting income in order to reduce vulnerability and income instability” . The basic philosophy of this approach is that each individual, family and community is susceptible to various types of risks, so it is necessary to build mechanisms and means for individuals, families and communities to be able to face risks in order to limit the risks and damages that risks bring. Thus, this concept emphasizes the ability to control risks as the basis for developing social security. Therefore, social security is both a safety net and a promotion of human capital development. Accordingly, the three main strategies are: prevention, mitigation and overcoming risks. From this perspective, the World Bank develops a model of a social security system mainly associated with social insurance and based on privatization. The strengths of this model are its comprehensiveness, financial sustainability, and reliance on the principle of contribution and enjoyment, thus encouraging the role of the subjects themselves. However, this model has not clarified the role of the state and society.

In general, the United Nations and international organizations have come to a consensus that ensuring social security is one of the basic human rights. According to this concept, every individual has the right to enjoy social security. Exercising the right to social security of citizens is an important factor for the development of people, workers, their families and the social community. Based on the principle of citizenship rights, the social security model consists of three main components: health care, family allowances and income compensation in case of illness, unemployment, accidents, etc. The strength of the model is solidarity, mutual support for risks, demonstrating the role of the state in redistributing income.

income to ensure people's income security rights. However, the weakness is that it is passive, the coverage is too large and the financial and management risks are high.

According to many researchers, the issue of social security is based on the risk theory. This theory holds that in their lives, every individual, every family, and every community cannot avoid risks and losses caused by natural disasters or negative fluctuations in the socio-economy. Therefore, society, represented by the State, must set out the task of risk management, which means using a series of measures to prevent, minimize and overcome risks, support people in difficulty, help them stabilize their lives and integrate into the community (Duong Van Thang, 2013).

According to the functionalist approach, the classical theory of E.Durkheim and the modern theory of T.Parson consider social policy (social security policy is a part of social policy) as a subsystem of the social system, with the function of enhancing social solidarity, social integration, and social consensus. This theory emphasizes order, harmony, and social stability, viewing society as a unified entity (Le Ngoc Hung, 2016).

The life cycle theory approach shows that human life is a living process consisting of many stages, each stage requiring certain types of social security policies. The study by author Le Ngoc Hung and colleagues (2017) has distinguished the stages and corresponding groups of social security policies according to the life cycle as follows:

(1) Pre-school age includes pregnancy and childhood. This period requires social security policies such as maternity benefits, child allowances, etc.

(2) School age: this stage requires social security policies in education such as scholarship support, orphan subsidies, death benefits...

(3) Youth: this is the transitional age into the labor market, work