During these holidays people are off and they take advantage of the time to travel abroad.
- 01-01 : New Year holiday.
- 06-01 : King's Day (the day the kings visited Jesus).
- 02-02 : Candlelight procession day.
- Sunday or Monday (In March or April): Easter.
- 01-05: International Labor Day.
- 08-05: Victory Day holiday over Nazi Germany.
- Thursday (May): Ascension Day.
- Sunday or Monday (May or June): Weekend holiday.
- 14-07: National Day holiday.
- 15-08: Holiday.
- 11-01: Qingming Festival.
- 12-25: Christmas holiday for 2 weeks.
* Family: Family has a special traditional value in France. The French consider the family to be the cell and foundation of society. Everyone in the family is attached to each other to form a community, sharing work, love, fun, entertainment...
* Culinary culture: The French are a gourmet people, love delicious food and have world-famous cooking techniques. The French taste in food reflects part of their cultural lifestyle, customs and habits and is one of the typical traditions of France. The French culinary art has existed for a long time, developing over time due to contact with many different cultures. The French know how to take advantage of Roman dishes, selecting some vegetables from Italy (artichokes), from America (tomatoes, green beans)... to turn them into popular French dishes.
Normally, France has 3 main meals:
- Breakfast ( around 7 to 8 am): Coffee with milk and buttered bread or croissants, pastries with butter.
- Lunch (around 11am to 1pm): Previously the family's main meal, now it's usually a light meal with cold cuts or frozen meat, finished with cheese and fruit.
- Dinner (Around 7-8pm): This is the main meal of the day that the French consider very important because it is the time for family members to meet after a hard day's work. They often eat soup, meat, fish with salad, cheese and dessert with fruit, cakes, ice cream.
In general, the French have the habit of eating very slowly, talking while eating. A traditional meal or a party often lasts 2 hours or longer. The French love to eat and take advantage of every occasion to eat together such as birthdays, parties, housewarmings... According to a survey by INSEE (French Institute for Research and Statistics), 71% of French people said they prefer French food to foreign food. The elderly and retirees are very loyal to the traditional dishes of the nation.
Society
*Employment: Working-age population structure.
STT
Index | Unit | 1970 | 1980 | 1993 | |
1 | Total working age population | Thousand | 21574 | 23479 | 25131 |
2 | Male workers | % | 64.5 | 60.3 | 55.4 |
3 | Female Workers | % | 35.5 | 39.7 | 44.6 |
4 5 | Age 15-24 Age 25-49 | % % | 23.1 54.9 | 19.8 59.9 | 11.1 71.0 |
6 7 | Age 50 and above Work in agricultural sector | % % | 22.0 13.5 | 20.3 8.7 | 17.9 5.8 |
8 | Work in industrial area | % | 39.2 | 35.9 | 28.5 |
9 | Work in service sector | % | 47.3 | 55.4 | 65.7 |
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Source INSEE, French economic data 1994-1995
The labor structure in France shows some unique characteristics. The number of wage earners is constantly increasing. The cultural level of workers has improved significantly over time. In 1968, only 2.7% of the labor force had a degree above baccalaureate, but by 1997, it had reached 7%. The female labor force has increased significantly, mainly from the age of 25-29. In 1962, female labor accounted for 27.5%, and in 1992, it increased to 44%.
Occupational structure.
No. Occupation
Percentage 1992 | Percentage of expected year 2000 | |
1 Worker 2 Office staff | 28.4 27.5 | 25.0 28.5 |
3 Brokers | 20.2 | 22.2 |
4 Management staff | 10.3 | 12.4 |
Farmer | 5.8 | 3.7 |
6 Merchants, small factory owners | 7.8 | 8.2 |
Total | 100% | 100% |
According to Cam Intere sse magazine number 136.
The occupational structure has changed a lot in the past 40 years. The number of people working in agriculture has decreased significantly from 3.9 million in 1954 to 0.99 million in 1990. The number of craftsmen, traders and business owners has also decreased from 2.3 million (in 1954) to 1.7 million (1990). The number of workers, after increasing significantly in the 1970s, has also decreased. Meanwhile, the number of people working in freelance jobs, cadres, high-level intellectuals, employees... has increased.
The trend this year (2000) is that the number of manual workers has decreased significantly, instead there is an increase in the number of administrative staff such as banking, insurance, post and telecommunications, commerce...
* Living conditions:
The living standards of the French have improved significantly in the 30 years of strong economic growth after World War II, the average income per capita doubled between 1960 and 1978. By 1975, consumption in France increased sharply, especially for durable goods (vehicles, high-end household appliances, etc.). In 1985, the per capita personal consumption was 10,859 USD and in 1995 it was 11,778 USD, second only to the US, Japan, and Germany. It is expected that consumption will continue to increase in the following years, specifically:
Personal consumption per capita.
Water
1985 | 1995 | 2005 | 2010 |
Year
America
14206 | 17888 | 20997 | 23614 | |
Japan | 9215 | 12920 | 16475 | 19740 |
Virtue | 8181 | 11272 | 14199 | 16990 |
France | 10859 | 11778 | 12644 | 13378 |
Older brother | 8896 | 11525 | 14184 | 16490 |
Source: Foreign Trade Magazine No. 28/99
It can be seen that the people's consumption needs are increasing. After meeting the basic needs of food, clothing, housing... people have higher needs for culture, entertainment... The development of consumption has led to a relatively even development in the living conditions of the people in society.
1.2 French people.
The modern French person carries within him both the characteristics of the French past and present, often contradictory.
If indeed the influence of the peasant mentality is still quite heavy in them: attachment to their homeland, village, tradition, conservatism, practical mind, thrift and caution; then they are also people who carry within themselves the chivalrous character full of ideals and generosity, ready to throw themselves into the work, act spontaneously and individually.
In terms of personality, they are cheerful, enthusiastic, optimistic, love wine and good food, witty or sarcastic, reasonable, enthusiastic, have wide relationships and know how to handle life. At the same time, they are also people who like to debate, speak eloquently, present their views clearly and coherently, have unusual personalities, are curious, intelligent, polite and very skillful in the field of communication.
1.2.1 Income and expenditure distribution
In 1986, France's per capita gross national income was 25,860 USD, ranking 5th in the world (after Switzerland, Japan, the US, Singapore). Gross domestic product (GND) in 1994 reached 7,354.4 billion francs, spending 4,433.1 billion francs, accounting for 60.3% of GDP; of which tourism spending alone accounted for nearly 7.5% of GDP, and accounted for 13.2% of total spending:
National spending structure
.
STT
The needs | 1994 (FF Billion) | Percentage | 1987 % | |
1 | Eat and drink | 810.2 | 18.3 | 20.1 |
2 | Clothes, shoes | 252.0 | 5.7 | 7.0 |
3 | Housing, lighting | 945.3 | 21.3 | 18.9 |
4 | Equipment, housing | 330.7 | 7.5 | 8.3 |
5 | Medical hygiene | 453.4 | 10.2 | 8.9 |
6 | Communications | 727.4 | 16.4 | 16.8 |
7 | Culture, entertainment | 329.3 | 7.4 | 7.3 |
8 | Tourism | 548.8 | 13.2 | 12.8 |
Total | 4433.1 | 100% | 100% |
Source INSEE 1995-1996
Through the table of French consumption structure for basic to high-end needs in 1994 compared to 1978, we can see:
*Regarding food and drink : It accounts for only 18.3% of the average monthly expenditure of a French person, a decrease of 1.8% compared to 1987. According to INSEE, the French now tend to consume more after fresh vegetables, light wine and fast food.
* Regarding clothing and footwear : Decreased from 7% (1987) to 5.7% (1994). The French tend to reduce tailor-made clothing and consume more ready-made clothing, commonly jeans and T-shirts because of their convenience and comfort. In addition, on average, each French person buys 5 pairs of shoes/year.
*Regarding housing and facilities : 28.8% (1994). The French are considered to have one of the most comfortable lives in Europe. More than 72% of the population has fully furnished and luxurious housing.
*Regarding hygiene and healthcare: The French increasingly value the health factor in life. In 1994, spending was 11,540 francs/person, accounting for 10.2% of total monthly expenditure.
* Regarding transportation : Every year, more than 30 million people use high-speed trains and 57 million people travel by plane. In addition, they also use public transportation.
such as: subway, bus to move around the city. The trend of not using cars due to traffic congestion.
*About entertainment culture : According to INSEE, the entertainment that the French like is ranked in the following order:
- First: Go to the movies, plays.
- Second: Visit the museum (women account for 30%).
- Third: Listening to music (70% of 15-19 year olds have a pocket music player) In addition, sports are also a popular pastime for the French. Up to 53%
Number of people aged 65-75 who participate in a sport.
*About tourism : This is a special type of entertainment performed during summer and winter holidays. The French tend to spend more and more on this type of entertainment, from 12.8% of total spending in 1987 to 13.2% of total spending in 1994, and is expected to continue to increase in the coming years.
- In the summer, most French people travel domestically to coastal areas such as: Côte d'Azun, Bordeaux, Lyon, Manseille...
-In winter they like to travel to the Pyre'ne'eo, Alpeo, Jura mountains...
The French also travel abroad a lot and the trend of tourists going abroad in the coming time will increase.
1.2.2 Idle time fund.
The French working week has been decreasing. In 1946 it was 60 hours, in 1979 it was 50 hours and since 1982 it has been 39 hours. Currently, unions and workers are demanding a reduction in working hours to 35 hours/week.
*Regarding rest time during work: Since 1906, France has had a regulation of 1 day off in a work week. Nowadays, most employees have 2 days off per week. Some enterprises apply a 4-day work week. Specifically:
- 60% get 2 days off.
- 10% get more than 2 days off.
- 6% get 1.5 days off.
- 17% got 1 day off.
- 7% do not get any days off.
*Regarding annual leave: During the Popular Front period, a law was passed (June 20, 1936) stipulating that workers were entitled to 2 weeks of paid leave each year. In 1956, the annual leave was increased to three weeks, and in 1969 it was increased to four weeks. Since 1982, workers have been entitled to 5 weeks of leave per year. In addition, salaried workers are also entitled to leave on holidays during the year or when they are busy with family or children; and are entitled to compensatory leave when working overtime (1/5 of the overtime hours). Specifically:
- 48% get 5 weeks off.
- 12% get 4 weeks off.
- 17% get 7 weeks or more off.
- 7% get 6 weeks off.
- 4% get 3 weeks off.
- 5% get 2 weeks off.
- 11% get 1 week off.
*Retirement regime: In 1983, the retirement age for salaried employees was set at 60, provided that they had worked and contributed to the general pension fund for 37.5 years.
Thus, the French leisure time fund is relatively significant. Especially for retirees, as of 1993 the average life expectancy for men was 73.3 years and for women was 81.5 years. After retirement, the average leisure time is >15 years/person. This is a good basis for tourism businesses to attract French tourists to their market.
1.2.3 French travel customs.
France is a country with a developed economy, traveling has become a tradition of the people. As one of the top 7 markets sending tourists in the world, on average each year in the period 1985-1994, the number of French tourists going abroad was about 17 million with an average annual growth rate of 7.4%. The average income per capita is 18,000 USD/year, of which the average spending on tourism is 219 USD/person, accounting for about 1.22% of income.
Usually the purpose of the French trip is to relax and learn. The French always promote culture, respect their national culture but do not reject other cultures.
other cultures, on the contrary, they really like to learn about other cultures to discover the mysteries of life.
French travelers often get information from friends and relatives who have been to the destination.
there.
The means of transport that the French often use is public transport.
plus: bus, subway (if going around the city), plane and car (if having to travel long distance).
Regarding accommodation, the French have comfortable living habits, prefer cleanliness, politeness, high quality service, and mostly like to stay at famous and familiar hotels.
About food: Likes to enjoy the specialties of the visiting area, but still maintains the habit of drinking wine and traditional French dishes, especially does not like to sit at the same table with strangers.
About sightseeing: Likes remote, strange and beautiful areas. Highly appreciates French speaking tour guides who are smart, humorous and enthusiastic.
Dislike the number 13, hate chrysanthemums and dislike carnations.
1.2.4 Accessibility of information.
In the current era of information explosion, capturing information quickly, promptly and accurately becomes the decisive factor for the success or failure of all activities, including human tourism activities. Nowadays, with the advancement of science and technology, the media, people have the ability to search for necessary information. Information technology, the conditions for accessing information about tourist destinations of the French today are increasingly convenient. Because France has a diverse and rich information system.
Newspapers were born in France very early, the news paper was born in 1630. The modern press of France was formed since the revolution of 1789 and has been constantly developing. Currently, the total number of daily newspapers, magazines and periodicals is up to 15,000 types. If calculating the rate of printed newspapers per capita, France ranks 22nd in the world with 157 newspapers/1,000 people... The French pay close attention to news in the press: 50.8% read newspapers daily, 1/4 of families buy newspapers regularly. In addition to press agencies, news agencies play an important role in reporting news.