The concept of "human" is used by the author in a broad sense, including general human. Specific human in turn is divided into individual human and collective human. When the subject of valuation is a collective human, the evaluation opinion is often the opinion of the majority, that is, of the majority of members of that subject.
The properties of an object can be evaluated in two directions: positive and negative. Positive properties create value, while negative properties create non-value. There is a view that both positive and negative properties are values. However, considering negative properties as values also goes against the popular folk view of value in the languages of all peoples and causes unnecessary confusion and misunderstanding.
3) Considered in comparison with other objects of the same type: Value is the result of valuation activities performed on the basis of comparison operations. Valuation objects are comparison objects. The properties of the objects selected for evaluation are comparison criteria.
4) Positioned in a specific spatio-temporal context: Finally, the valuation object must be placed in relation not only to the subject and other objects of the same type but also in relation to space and time.
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Recommendations and Solutions to Improve the Exploitation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Activities "Hat Boi", "Bai Choi" to Serve Tourism in Binh Duong Province -
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Solutions for tourism development in Tien Lang - 10
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- District People's Committees and authorities of communes with tourist attractions should support, promote, and provide necessary information to people, helping them improve their knowledge about tourism. Raise tourism awareness for local people.
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Due to limited knowledge and research time, the thesis inevitably has shortcomings. Therefore, I look forward to receiving guidance from teachers, experts as well as your comments to make the thesis more complete.
Chapter III Conclusion
Through the issues presented in Chapter II, we can come to some conclusions:
Based on the strengths of available tourism resources, the types of tourism in Tien Lang that need to be promoted in the coming time are sightseeing and resort tourism, discovery tourism, weekend tourism. To improve the quality and diversify tourism products, Tien Lang district needs to combine with local cultural tourism resources, at the same time combine with surrounding areas, build rich tourism products. The strengths of Tien Lang tourism are eco-tourism and cultural tourism, so developing Tien Lang tourism must always go hand in hand with restoring and preserving types of cultural tourism resources. Some necessary measures to support and improve the efficiency of exploiting tourism resources in Tien Lang are: strengthening the construction of technical facilities and labor force serving tourism, actively promoting and advertising tourism, and expanding forms of capital mobilization for tourism development.
CONCLUDE
I Conclusion
1. Based on the results achieved within the framework of the thesis's needs, some basic conclusions can be drawn as follows:
Tien Lang is a locality with great potential for tourism development. The relatively abundant cultural tourism resources and ecological tourism resources have great appeal to tourists. Based on this potential, Tien Lang can build a unique tourism industry that is competitive enough with other localities within Hai Phong city and neighboring areas.
In recent years, the exploitation of the advantages of resources to develop tourism and build tourist routes in Tien Lang has not been commensurate with the available potential. In terms of quantity, many resource objects have not been brought into the purpose of tourism development. In terms of time, the regular service time has not been extended to attract more visitors. Infrastructure and technical facilities are still weak. The labor force is still thin and weak in terms of expertise. Tourism programs and routes have not been organized properly, the exploitation content is still monotonous, so it has not attracted many visitors. Although resources have not been mobilized much for tourism development, they are facing the risk of destruction and degradation.
2. Based on the results of investigation, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and selective absorption of research results of related topics, the thesis has proposed a number of necessary solutions to improve the efficiency of exploiting tourism resources in Tien Lang such as: promoting the restoration and conservation of tourism resources, focusing on investment and key exploitation of ecotourism resources, strengthening the construction of infrastructure and tourism workforce. Expanding forms of capital mobilization. In addition, the thesis has built a number of tourist routes of Hai Phong in which Tien Lang tourism resources play an important role.
Exploiting Tien Lang tourism resources for tourism development is currently facing many difficulties. The above measures, if applied synchronously, will likely bring new prospects for the local tourism industry, contributing to making Tien Lang tourism an important economic sector in the district's economic structure.
REFERENCES
1. Nhuan Ha, Trinh Minh Hien, Tran Phuong, Hai Phong - Historical and cultural relics, Hai Phong Publishing House, 1993
2. Hai Phong City History Council, Hai Phong Gazetteer, Hai Phong Publishing House, 1990.
3. Hai Phong City History Council, History of Tien Lang District Party Committee, Hai Phong Publishing House, 1990.
4. Hai Phong City History Council, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU, Hai Phong Place Names Encyclopedia, Hai Phong Publishing House. 2001.
5. Law on Cultural Heritage and documents guiding its implementation, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2003.
6. Tran Duc Thanh, Lecture on Tourism Geography, Faculty of Tourism, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU, 2006
7. Hai Phong Center for Social Sciences and Humanities, Some typical cultural heritages of Hai Phong, Hai Phong Publishing House, 2001
8. Nguyen Ngoc Thao (editor-in-chief, Tourism Geography, Hai Phong Publishing House, two volumes (2001-2002)
9. Nguyen Minh Tue and group of authors, Hai Phong Tourism Geography, Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House, 1997.
10. Nguyen Thanh Son, Hai Phong Tourism Territory Organization, Associate Doctoral Thesis in Geological Geography, Hanoi, 1996.
11. Decision No. 2033/QD – UB on detailed planning of Tien Lang town, Hai Phong city until 2020.
12. Department of Culture, Information, Hai Phong Museum, Hai Phong relics
- National ranked scenic spot, Hai Phong Publishing House, 2005. 13. Tien Lang District People's Committee, Economic Development Planning -
Culture - Society of Tien Lang district to 2010.
14.Website www.HaiPhong.gov.vn
APPENDIX 1
List of national ranked monuments
STT
Name of the monument
Number, year of decisiondetermine
Location
1
Gam Temple
938 VH/QĐ04/08/1992
Cam Khe Village- Toan Thang commune
2
Doc Hau Temple
9381 VH/QĐ04/08/1992
Doc Hau Village –Toan Thang commune
3
Cuu Doi Communal House
3207 VH/QĐDecember 30, 1991
Zone II of townTien Lang
4
Ha Dai Temple
938 VH/QĐ04/08/1992
Ha Dai Village –Tien Thanh commune
APPENDIX II
STT
Name of the monument
Number, year of decision
Location
1
Phu Ke Pagoda Temple
178/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005
Zone 1 - townTien Lang
2
Trung Lang Temple
178/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005
Zone 4 – townTien Lang
3
Bao Khanh Pagoda
1900/QD-UBAugust 24, 2006
Nam Tu Village -Kien Thiet commune
4
Bach Da Pagoda
1792/QD-UB11/11/2002
Hung Thang Commune
5
Ngoc Dong Temple
177/QD-UBNovember 27, 2005
Tien Thanh Commune
6
Tomb of Minister TSNhu Van Lan
2848/QD-UBSeptember 19, 2003
Nam Tu Village -Kien Thiet commune
7
Canh Son Stone Temple
2160/QD-UBSeptember 19, 2003
Van Doi Commune –Doan Lap
8
Meiji Temple
2259/QD-UBSeptember 19, 2002
Toan Thang Commune
9
Tien Doi Noi Temple
477/QD-UBSeptember 19, 2005
Doan Lap Commune
10
Tu Doi Temple
177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005
Doan Lap Commune
11
Duyen Lao Temple
177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005
Tien Minh Commune
12
Dinh Xuan Uc Pagoda
177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005
Bac Hung Commune
13
Chu Khe Pagoda
177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005
Hung Thang Commune
14
Dong Dinh
2848/QD-UBNovember 21, 2002
Vinh Quang Commune
15
President's Memorial HouseTon Duc Thang
177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005
NT Quy Cao
Ha Dai Temple
Ben Vua Temple
Tien Lang hot spring
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Education and health promotion - 4 -
Concept and Objective Necessity of International Trade Finance Activities:
Subject, space and time form a three-dimensional coordinate system in which the valuation object is placed. As for the valuation act, since it includes the subject, it only needs to be located in the remaining two dimensions of space and time.
Although value is a property of an object, it is evaluated through the perspective of the subject, so it is always a subjective and relative concept. Although value is subjective and relative, the existence of the property of an object is objective and absolute, not dependent on anyone's perspective [107, pp. 40 - 41].
In short, value is a concept of what is meaningful shared in a social community. For each individual and each community, it is both what is
Desire is both desirable and necessary. Therefore, the study of values helps us grasp the hidden motivations beneath the surface of social life.
1.2.1.2. Concept of cultural heritage value
* The concept of "heritage" , according to Sino-Vietnamese understanding, has two meanings: moving, shifting from one place to another in terms of space (moving place, changing place of residence); leaving for the next generation, the next generation a place to live, a place to live or assets in terms of time. Cultural heritage is studied according to the second implication, that is, cultural products left by the previous era, previous generation to the next generation, the next era are recognized and used by the next generation, the next era in their lives.
When talking about heritage, it is necessary to show two aspects: the objective aspect and the subjective aspect. Objectively: Heritage is what was created by the previous generation, previous era and left for the next generation, the next era; it exists objectively for the next generation, the next era. Subjectively: Although heritage exists objectively, it must be recognized and used by the next generation, the next era. Otherwise, it is not considered heritage or is no longer heritage.
Culture is systematic and historical. Culture is passed down through generations along with human development. Cultural creations are produced to meet human material and spiritual needs, and through the historical process become cultural heritage.
"In the most general way, the concept of cultural heritage is the totality of traditional cultural assets in its value system, recognized and used by the subject to meet the needs and demands of the present" [155, p.8].
The Law on Cultural Heritage was stated by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: "Cultural heritage includes intangible cultural heritage and tangible cultural heritage, which are spiritual and material products of historical, cultural and scientific value, passed down from generation to generation" [82].
The Law on Cultural Heritage divides cultural heritage into two types: intangible cultural heritage and tangible cultural heritage.
Intangible cultural heritage is a spiritual product associated with a community or individual, objects and related cultural spaces, having historical, cultural and scientific value, expressing the identity of the community, constantly being recreated and passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth, craft, performance and other forms [82].
Tangible cultural heritage is a material product of historical, cultural and scientific value, including historical and cultural relics, scenic spots, relics, antiquities and national treasures. Forms of existence of tangible cultural heritage include: archaeological cultural relics, architectural and artistic relics, historical relics, ethnographic relics, historical and cultural artifacts, etc. [82].
* Concept of cultural heritage value, the Law on Cultural Heritage emphasizes that what is considered cultural heritage must have historical, cultural, scientific value, not all things created by humans. Thus, in the connotation of the concept of heritage, value plays a core role, distinguishing all cultural phenomena in general from cultural phenomena considered as heritage.
When considering cultural heritage, it is necessary to place it in the overall relationship between culture and cultural heritage. Many researchers on cultural heritage from different perspectives agree that: Cultural heritage is a creative product in the process of human activities to reach the peak of Truth - Goodness - Beauty. The cultural heritage values that still exist today contain values that previous generations have created, gone through a process of crystallization, selection and transmission to the next generation. Customs, traditional rituals, costumes, architecture... all convey values. Cultural heritage is envisioned as the embodiment of a scale of values or a system of values, factors that form the cultural identity of a nation. These are also the cultural heritage values of the nation that are being recognized, used and promoted in modern social life.
1.2.2. Concept of preserving, promoting and exploiting cultural heritage values
Preserving, promoting and exploiting cultural heritage values is the activity of turning cultural heritage values into resources for socio-economic development. Promoting and exploiting cultural heritage values means focusing public attention on heritage values by promoting directly or through the media or some other form. Promoting cultural heritage values can be understood as positive values, effectively used in educating historical, cultural and aesthetic traditions... as a resource for socio-economic development. At the same time, on that basis, widely propagate the spirit of patriotism and preservation of national cultural identity among the masses. In order for future generations to inherit traditional culture, we need to have a career of preserving, exploiting and using cultural heritages in a reasonable and flexible manner. Preserving, exploiting and promoting are always closely linked in building and developing culture. Culture represents the vitality of the nation, passed from generation to generation, if only preserved without using, the value hidden in the heritage cannot be promoted. Only when the value of heritage is promoted and exploited, there will be a basis for conservation. Therefore, promotion will create a new direction of reception and influence, making cultural values not forgotten but also widespread and preserving their identity. Conservation is the basis for creativity, serving promotion and vice versa, promotion and exploitation help preserve cultural heritage more effectively. The main form of promoting and exploiting heritage values through tourism is to promote the image of cultural heritage to attract tourists to visit, exchange culture, contribute to mutual understanding, strengthen peaceful and friendly relations for the development of society. At the same time, it helps to restore traditional cultural values to the maximum, creating potential for socio-economic development. Furthermore, according to NCS, tourism development is not only based on the cultural value of heritage.
heritage, not only contributes to preserving and promoting the value of heritage but also increases the values of heritage (such as economic value). The thesis of the PhD student applying the theory of preserving and promoting cultural heritage in this direction is a new issue of Cultural Studies.
1.2.3. Theory applied in the thesis
Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are applied as both methodological and theoretical basis. The guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam, UNESCO's viewpoint on culture and development, the theoretical viewpoint on the value of cultural heritage of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the theory of "sustainable development", "sustainable tourism development" and "bright spots" to study the problem of the topic.
1.2.3.1. Theoretical viewpoint on culture of the Communist Party of Vietnam
In the current period of innovation, the Communist Party of Vietnam affirms the great role of culture in development. The 6th National Party Congress (1986) opened the comprehensive renovation of the country. Along with the innovation in thinking, especially development thinking, in recent years, the Party has made profound research and innovation in thinking about culture, affirming more deeply the role and effect of culture in the process of building the country in the transition period to socialism.
Resolution of the 5th Conference of the 8th Central Committee (1998) of the Communist Party of Vietnam on building and developing an advanced Vietnamese culture imbued with national identity affirmed the role of culture in the development of society in Vietnam today:
Culture is the spiritual foundation of society, both the goal and the driving force for socio-economic development (...). Economic construction and development must aim at cultural goals, for a fair, civilized society and comprehensive human development. Culture is the result of the economy and at the same time the driving force for economic development. Cultural factors must be associated with
Closely linked with social life and activities in all aspects of politics, economy, society, law, discipline, etc., it becomes the most important endogenous resource of development [27, p.55].
Thus, culture does not stand outside of development. Culture is an endogenous factor that is both the goal and the driving force, the regulatory system of socio-economic development.
Regarding cultural heritage, the above Resolution of the Party emphasizes "preserving and promoting cultural heritage" because:
Cultural heritage is an invaluable asset, connecting the national community, the core of national identity, the basis for creating new values and cultural exchange. Great importance is attached to preserving and promoting traditional cultural values (scholarly and folk), revolutionary culture, including both tangible and intangible culture [27, p.63].
The above viewpoint of the Communist Party of Vietnam is both the theoretical and methodological basis for the research of the thesis, affirming that "cultural heritage is an invaluable asset and "the basis for creating new values" through conservation, promotion and exploitation to develop tourism today.
1.2.3.2. Theory of sustainable development and sustainable tourism development
* Sustainable development
Development is considered a growth process that includes many different constituent elements of economics, politics, society, technology, culture, etc. Development is an inevitable natural trend of the material world in general and of human society in particular. The goal of development is to improve the material and spiritual living conditions of people, and enhance the cultural values of the community.
Besides the benefits, "development" is also a challenge for today's countries, which has been depleting resources, causing negative impacts on environmental degradation. Faced with this reality, people realize that resources are not infinite, if exploited without control, it will lead to consequences that not only deplete resources but also cause imbalance.
on the ecological environment, the human environment causes serious consequences affecting the development of society through many generations. From this awareness, a new concept of "Sustainable Development" has emerged.
In 1980, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (UICN) launched the "World Conservation Strategy" with the overall goal of "Achieving sustainable development by conserving living resources". This strategy was newly set for the ecological environment.
The World Commission on Environment and Development of the United Nations (WCED) in 1987, in the report "Our Common Future", introduced the concept of "Sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" [46]. The concept of sustainable development of WCED has been stated more fully and comprehensively, especially sustainable development of the natural environment and culture.
- society, used by many countries and organizations.
At the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg (Republic of South Africa) in 2002, it summarized, evaluated and proposed a more general concept of sustainable development after 10 years of implementing Agenda 21 on global sustainable development: Sustainable development is the process of economic development, social development and environmental protection to meet the needs of human life in the present without harming the ability to meet the needs of future generations.
Thus, sustainable development is a process of harmonious development between economic development, social development and environmental development. Agenda 21 has been participated by many countries through common sustainable development solutions for the whole world in the 21st century. Many countries have participated in building and implementing sustainable development programs such as: Korea, Japan, China...
* Sustainable tourism development
Sustainable tourism was born in the 90s of the last century. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) in 1996, "Sustainable tourism is
meeting the current needs of tourists and tourist areas while ensuring the ability to meet the needs of future generations of tourists" [47].
Sustainable tourism is not only related to environmental issues but also must consider the participation of subjects affecting the tourism development process to effectively use natural resources, protect national cultural identity, and maintain development. This issue also has a significant impact and is inseparable from the sustainable development process of a country.
The definition of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) given at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro: Sustainable tourism is tourism development that meets the needs of present tourists and host peoples while preserving and enhancing resources for future tourism development. Sustainable tourism will have a plan to manage resources to satisfy economic, social and aesthetic needs of people while maintaining cultural integrity, biodiversity, the development of ecosystems and systems that support human life.
Thus, the concept of "sustainable tourism" is inseparable from the concept of "sustainable tourism development" to limit the negative impacts of tourism activities to ensure long-term development. Some types of tourism appear associated with the protection of natural resources, human resources, requiring the participation of the community, the responsibility of local authorities...
Implementing Agenda 21 on sustainable development, in 2007, the Vietnamese Government issued the "Strategic Orientation for Sustainable Development in Vietnam" which includes the orientation for sustainable tourism development. To specify the orientation for sustainable tourism development, especially after Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism issued the action program of the tourism industry with Decision No. 564/QD-BVHTTDL dated September 21, 2007 as a basis for affiliated agencies to develop specific and appropriate action programs to ensure