The concept of comprehensive human development in the early stages of socialism is not only a historical and logical necessity but also realistic and urgent. The book The Path Opened by Marx - Research on Comprehensive Human Development deeply analyzes the meaning and specific content of the concept of comprehensive human development, arguing that comprehensive human development has provisions on value, provisions on history and provisions on content, summarizing the historical laws of comprehensive human development, and at the same time analyzing the form of implementing comprehensive human development in the early stages of socialism from 6 aspects: concept of value, capacity, level, moral quality, mental state, social psychology and thinking method.
In recent years, research on the idea of comprehensive human development has increased in both quantity and quality, the research fields are rich and diverse, besides traditional works, there are also new analyses directly related to practical issues, most of which have covered all areas related to comprehensive human development. Notable works include the following:
The article “My views on the issue of ‘integrated human development’” (“人
的全面发展”问题之我见) , Journal of Learning and Perspectives (2002) by author Yu
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Wujin (俞吾金). The author asserts that in studying the issue of comprehensive human development, we must not only pay attention to the implications of the basic concept of this issue, but also pay attention to the two different perspectives that this issue faces: one is the ideal perspective, the other is the realistic perspective. We must synthesize these two different perspectives, thereby not losing the height of the ideal, but also not losing the ability to implement it in real life.
The Theory of the All- round Free Development of Man
面发展论), by author Chen Zhishang (陈志尚) (People's University of China Publishing House, 2004). Author Chen Zhishang, by tracing the history of the ideology of comprehensive human development of freedom inside and outside China, has highlighted the contribution of
important contribution of Marx; accurately and comprehensively presents and analyzes the basic theory of Marxism on the development of all-round free human beings, and analyzes the dialectical relationship between human development and social development. Human beings are the prerequisite for the historical existence of society, society is the form of human existence and development . A personality that thinks and acts in reality is a socially developed person, through the process of socialization; only in society can a person develop his true nature and capacity.
In the article “ Marx , Engels, Lenin on All-round Human Development” by author Chen Jinfang (陈金芳) posted on the website of the China Institute of Educational Sciences
(May 8, 2006), the author summarized the views of the classics on comprehensive human development from the educational perspective as follows: The fundamental content of comprehensive human development is the individual's labor capacity, that is, the individual's physical and mental strength is developed comprehensively, fully and freely in the production process; human development and social development are a unified, opposing dialectical relationship. Productive forces are the fundamental factor affecting the comprehensive development of humans, production relations are the direct factor affecting the comprehensive development of humans, education and productive forces combined together are the only measure to promote the comprehensive development of humans.
In the article “A Discussion on the Present Significance of Marxism ’s Theory of All-round Human Development , ” author Liu Xin (刘鑫) (Central Translation Publishing House,
2008) analyzed the formation and development process of Marxism's theory of comprehensive human development. The theory of comprehensive human development was first proposed by Marx in the content of the work " Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 ". Marx affirmed that labor is "free, conscious activity" of human beings, but under the conditions of private ownership, human labor has turned into
“alienated labor”. In the work “ The German Ideology ” - the work that marked the birth of the dialectical materialist worldview and the materialist conception of history, Marx and Engels first mentioned the concept of “all-round human development”, putting forward the idea of all-round human development. Later in the “ Communist Manifesto ”, Marx affirmed that communist society is a union of free people, considering the free and all-round development of each individual as the basic principle; each individual in this union is independent, autonomous, free, all-round, the dignity and value of each individual deserves respect and protection. The book “ Capital ” (1867) marked the maturity of Marxist thought on all-round human development. C.Marx and F.Engels started from the relationship between man and society, from the perspective of historical developments to point out the state of human development in social forms, as well as point out the process of comprehensive human development and the development process of human history as a natural historical process; through the analysis of the process of production, exchange, distribution, and circulation, they found the internal law of the operation of the capitalist economy - the law of surplus value, at the same time, in surplus labor time, they found the conditions for comprehensive human development - free time.
The book " Human Relations and Development - From the Perspective of Marxism " by Liu Minghe (刘明合) (Central Translation Publishing House, 2008). This book explains
systematically on the internal relationship between the category of communication and historical materialism. Some issues related to comprehensive human development are mentioned by the author such as communication is the foundation and important condition for human development, historical form of communication and historical form of human development, online communication and human development, system and human development, communication and human development in China at the present stage.
The World of Man and the Man of the World – A Study of Private History
Marxist thought (人的世界与世界的人：马克思的思想历程追踪) of
Author Zhang Shuguang (张曙光) (Beijing Normal University Publishing House, 2009) . The author starts from human nature - "personality" according to Marxism to point out that human liberation is Marx's lifelong mission. Marx's theoretical research shows that human liberation is not a purely subjective desire of human beings, nor is it a natural destiny that humans are born with the ability to realize; humans are unique creatures that are self-born, self-transcending and self-perfecting, therefore, humans are always in the process of self-awareness.
The world of man and the process of formation and development of man in the "world of man and man of the world" is the theme of Marxist philosophical thought and even the entire thought of C. Marx.
Research book on "The German Ideology" of Marx and Engels (马克思
The book "The German Ideology of Marx and Engels" by Zhang Wu (张 梧) (Central Translation Publishing House, 2017) is a relatively detailed research work on the context of the times, ideological circumstances, creative process, communication process, editing and publication status, and research situation of the work German Ideology by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. German Ideology pointed out that the main cause of alienation of labor is the existence of capitalist private ownership. Therefore, in order to liberate people from alienation and create conditions for the comprehensive development of "human capacities" for each individual, it is necessary to abolish the regime of private ownership of the main means of production of society, specifically the regime of bourgeois private ownership.
In addition to the above-mentioned research works of Chinese scholars, some of the following research works of Western scholars also provide reference value for the thesis: Erich Fromn (1961), Marx's Concept of Man, Cortinuum International Publishing Group; Khazoeva, N,O.; Khaziev, AK; Stepanenko, GN; Klyushina, EV; Stepanenko, RF (2019), Marxism in the modern world: social-philosophical analysis, Utopoa Praxis Latinoamericana; Philip Alston and Mary Robinson (2005), Human Rights and Development:
Towards Mutual Reinforcement, Oxford University Press; Stein Ringer (2017), The perfect Dictatorship, HKU Press; Z. Xu (2015), Theory of Human Comprehensive Development of Marx and Its Sinicization Process, Scociology.
1.1.2. Research works related to the Communist Party of China's views on comprehensive human development
Research published in Vietnamese:
In Vietnam, there are not many in-depth research works related to the Communist Party of China's viewpoint on comprehensive human development. Some research works on China's general theoretical achievements in the reform and opening-up process have mentioned the Communist Party of China's viewpoint on comprehensive human development, typically the following works:
The article “China: Innovations in ideological and theoretical work after 30 years of reform and opening up” by author Pham Tat Thang, published in the Propaganda Magazine , electronic version (February 14, 2009). In the article, the author presented the theoretical innovations in the political field of the Communist Party of China since the reform and opening up: Deng Xiaoping theory, Jiang Zemin’s important thought of “three represents”, Hu Jintao’s “scientific development perspective”. The author emphasized that the most important meaning of “scientific development perspective” is “development”; the core of “scientific development perspective” is “taking people as the root”; the basic requirement of the scientific development perspective is “comprehensive sustainable harmony”; the basic method of “scientific development perspective” is “synchronous arrangement”.
The article "New innovations in the theory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the 19th Congress", Website of the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (May 16, 2019) by author Do Tien Sam. Researching Hu Jintao's views on comprehensive human development, the author affirmed: With the spirit of taking Marxism for development to guide new practices, the collective leadership of the fourth generation of the Communist Party of China led by Hu Jintao as General Secretary has sought to answer the question: What is development, how to implement development? He continued
supplemented, put forward new views on development, according to which development is for people, “taking people as the root” and the theory of socialist harmonious society. Regarding the views of the core of the fifth generation of leaders, the author pointed out the guiding views of the Communist Party of China stated in the Political Report of the 19th National Congress: The main contradiction of Chinese society is the contradiction between the people's ever-increasing need for a good life and unbalanced and inadequate development, it is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development ideology, constantly promote the all-round development of people, and the common prosperity of all people.
Through the articles, the authors all affirmed that the theoretical achievements in general and the theory of comprehensive human development in particular are the result of the inheritance and development of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "three represents", and the viewpoint of "scientific development". The theoretical innovations in the process of reform and opening up all aim at the ultimate goal of building China into a modern, wealthy, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful socialist country, creating conditions for people to develop freely and comprehensively.
Research published in foreign languages:
The book Research on Marx's Thought on Comprehensive Human Development and Its Development ( Research on Marx's Thought on Comprehensive Human Development and Its Development ) by author Gu Xiangwei ( Fudan University Publishing House, 2015) has analyzed quite clearly
comprehensive contributions of three generations of leaders of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin, to the thought of comprehensive human development. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the core leadership of three generations of leaders of the Communist Party of China inherited and developed the Marxist thought of comprehensive human development, and carried out the "Sinicization of Marxism": Mao Zedong laid the foundation for comprehensive human development from the political and ideological perspectives, Deng Xiaoping put forward the thought of liberating the mind, truly seeking truth, and cultivating new socialist people.
In the concept of comprehensive development, Jiang Zemin asserted that comprehensive human development is an essential requirement of the new socialist society.
In the article “The Thought of Comprehensive Human Development in Today's Development of China” by author Liu Yu (刘宇) published in the Journal of the Changchun Education Academy (2015),
By analyzing the theoretical basis of the thought of comprehensive human development, the author has pointed out China's new developments in this issue. Immediately after the founding of China, Mao Zedong put forward the view that comprehensive human development is to make students have comprehensive and profound knowledge, have a healthy body, develop communist morality, and build a new socialist person with comprehensive development in morality, intelligence, and body. Deng Xiaoping, on the basis of absorbing Mao Zedong's thought, put forward the view of cultivating a new person with four qualities: idealism, morality, discipline, and culture, or educating people to have both morality and intelligence. According to Jiang Zemin's view, comprehensive human development is an essential requirement of building socialism; he believes that "it is necessary to constantly promote the comprehensive development of people on the basis of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization" [82]; During the period of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, Jiang Zemin believed that the comprehensive development of human beings should include both the development of material life and the comprehensive development of spiritual life. Hu Jintao affirmed that the “scientific view of development” and a harmonious society are the premise for the comprehensive development of human beings, and the core of the “scientific view of development” is “taking people as the root”, considering human development as the starting point and the final destination. Xi Jinping is the one who raised the “Chinese dream” - realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and at the same time emphasized that the Chinese dream is ultimately the dream of the people, and must rely on the people to realize it, and must constantly create happiness for the people.
Author Zhu Rongying (朱荣英) in the book Theory of Human Development
Marx's Comprehensive Theory and the Chinese Development of This Theory
发展理论及中国表征(Chinese Social Sciences Publishing House, 2018) believes that the main
Socialism with Chinese characteristics adheres to the view that productive forces determine the development of society, emphasizing that development is the key to solving all problems in China. This view has demonstrated the dialectical nature of Marx's theory of all-round human development, is the application of dialectics to the issue of human and social development; is the basis and essence of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, demonstrates the superiority and appeal of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, is the inheritance, enrichment and development of the anthropological thought of Marxist philosophy, and is a manifestation of the contemporary nature of Marxist theory of all-round human development. The author believes that, along with the process of deepening reform and opening up and the perfection of the socialist market economic system, China has entered an important period of a new historical development stage. In this new stage of historical development, various contradictions and problems accumulated in the process of previous exploration and experimentation have been exposed, and the development of society and the development of human beings have revealed many new situations and new problems, so the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has put forward the “scientific view of development”.
- The development perspective persistently takes people as the root, develops comprehensively, harmoniously and sustainably. The first task of the "scientific development perspective" is development, the core is taking people as the root, the basic requirement is comprehensiveness, harmony and sustainability, the basic method is overall calculation.
Article “General Secretary Xi Jinping's Thought on Comprehensive Human Development Since the 18th National Congress and Its Vivid Practice” ( General Secretary Xi Jinping's Thought on Comprehensive Human Development Since the 18th National Congress and Its Vivid Practice ) , Guangming Network ( December 27, 2017) by Wu Liguan and Zhao Hongwei (吴立官，赵宏伟). Author
believes that “taking the people as the center”, “people's stance”, “people's feeling” are words that Xi Jinping often mentions and are topics that Xi Jinping cares about, and are also the basic principles and clear logic in the process of governing the Party and the country of the Communist Party of China.