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Research on the diet of White Horses to determine the area for planting VA06 grass at the Research and Development Branch of Native Flora and Fauna - Mountainous Mining Joint Stock Company, Tuc Tranh Commune, Phu Luong District, Thai Nguyen Province - 9


experiment on the farm's land area. The following are techniques for planting and caring for some of those grass varieties.

* Land preparation

Plow deeply and harrow many times to loosen the soil, level it, and remove all weeds. Apply 1-1.5 tons of lime per hectare before plowing and harrowing the second time. Make furrows after harrowing, 50-60cm apart, 20-25cm deep.

* Fertilization

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+ Basal fertilizer: Before planting, you can apply the entire amount of basal fertilizer by spreading the fertilizer before the last harrowing and then harrowing with a disc. The amount of fertilizer is as follows:

- Organic fertilizer: 10 - 20 tons/ha

- Superphosphate: 200 - 300 kg/ha

- Potassium chloride: 100 kg/ha.

+ Top dressing: Apply urea fertilizer after each cropping, 50 - 100 kg/ha, after each grazing, 30 kg/ha. Plow the rows, spread fertilizer evenly and cover with soil.

+ Fertilize annually in early spring:

- Organic fertilizer: 5 tons/ha

- Urea: 100 kg/ha

- Superphosphate: 200 kg/ha

- Potassium chloride: 100 kg/ha.

Can be applied at the end of the grazing season (early winter) at a rate half that of early spring application.

* Seed preparation and planting

+ For upright grasses in general (represented by elephant grass...): Choose large, thick, healthy, young plants that have not sprouted. Cut the cuttings into two nodes, cut both ends flat or beveled, the ends are 2 - 3cm from the nodes (avoid crushing the cuttings). You can tie each bundle of 100 cuttings for easy transportation.

Planting method: Number of cuttings: 140,000 cuttings/ha, equivalent to 4 - 5 tons of cuttings.


- Plant in rows, 70 - 80 cm between rows. The cuttings are placed two rows apart (if there are enough varieties) parallel to each other and to the ground, or planted in a row next to each other, eye to eye, then covered with soil 5 - 6 cm deep like planting sugar cane.

- Planting by inserting the cuttings at an angle of 10 - 15º from the ground: Apply base fertilizer to the furrows, fill the soil into the furrows to level the surface. When planting, hug the bundle of cuttings and move back and insert two cuttings diagonally into the furrows so that the ground remains flat and the cuttings are submerged in the ground.

+ For shrubby grasses (represented by P. astratum , Decumbens ,

B. Brirantha...)

- Planting by root: Remove the whole young grass root, trim the top leaving only 20 - 25 cm, cut off the roots, tear into clumps, each clump has 5 - 7 shoots. Planting by shoots requires 1.5 - 2.0 tons of seeds/ha.

- Planting by cuttings: Cut the tree into sections with 3 - 4 eyes, it is best to choose trees that have sprouted. Each hectare needs 2.0 - 2.5 tons of seeds. Planting by cuttings has a low survival rate.

- Planting by seeds: Seeds sown each year have a high germination rate. Sow 15 - 20 kg of seeds/ha if sown in rows, if broadcast sowing, need 25 - 30 kg/ha.

How to plant: Place the grass base against the wall, cover with soil no more than 10cm, press firmly on the base, place 5 - 7 shoots on each base.

- Plant grass for cutting, row density 50 - 60cm, clump to clump 15

- 20cm.

- Plant grass for grazing, row density 25 - 30 cm, clump to clump 15 - 20 cm.

- To plant cuttings, place the cuttings parallel to each other in the furrow and cover with a layer of soil.

thin.

- Sowing: Sow seeds in rows and cover with a thin layer of soil or sow seeds

harrowing

+ For creeping grasses (represented by pangola grass...)


- Planting in rows: Place in clumps against the wall like planting sweet potatoes, 60cm between rows, 20 - 25cm between clumps, 5 - 6 clumps per clump and cover 2/3 of the cuttings with soil. The amount of seeds for 1 hectare is 1.2 - 1.5 tons.

- Plant evenly on moist ground: Spread seeds on well-harrowed ground.

Use your hands to place the furrows. The amount of seeds needed is 2 - 2.5 tons/ha.

- Can be intercropped with strips or strips of legumes such as clover, stylo grass... to give higher yield and total nutritional value than monocropping.

* Care techniques

+ For upright grass: After planting 3 - 5 days, if there is drought, water, then check and replant after 7 - 20 days. After 20 - 30 days, hoe, kill weeds and make the soil loose, do not mound at the base. After each cutting, combine with fertilizing, use a hoe to till the soil in rows to cut the roots and make the soil loose. After 4 - 5 years of use, combine fertilizing with plowing, the grass will regenerate well like newly planted and prolong the time of use in a very economical way.

+ For bushy grass: 1 month after planting or after each crop, it is necessary to hoe and break the crust, kill weeds and combine with top dressing, the amount of top dressing after planting or after each crop is 50 - 60 kg of urea/ha. After 2 - 3 years, it is necessary to plow without turning the soil or use a hoe to hoe the soil in early spring, combined with fertilizing. Can apply 5 tons of manure, 100 kg of superphosphate, 50 kg of potassium chloride/ha in late autumn every year.

+ For creeping grass: Intensive pasture for harvesting, one month after planting, need to harrow to break up the crust and kill weeds.

Annual care:

- Grass cutting: Cut grass 4-5 times a year. From the third year onwards, it is necessary to clear and fertilize. In early spring, use a hoe to both weed and loosen the soil. After 4-5 years, the grass tends to degenerate and reduce productivity. Fertilize annually and plow without turning the soil to improve the grass carpet. Use agricultural machinery with a plow blade to remove the leaves to plow the soil.


- Grazing pasture: Kill weeds 1-2 times a year, use 7 times a year

- 9 grazing cycles. After four grazing cycles, use a machine to cut the grass and then use a tiller to till the soil 1-2 times.

After 2-3 years of use, plow without turning the soil to improve the grass carpet, combined with early spring fertilization. After 5-6 years of use, you can plow and harrow to restore or destroy the land to plant new land or rotate crops to improve the soil.

* Harvest and use

The first crop of grass is harvested 50 - 70 days after planting, then every 30 - 50 days (autumn crop) or 50 - 60 days (winter-spring crop). With VA06 grass, 6 - 7 crops can be cut each year. It should be cut 15cm from the ground, not too low to avoid negative effects on the regeneration ability and avoid cutting on rainy days because it can easily cause pests and diseases. If intensively cultivated well, the yield will be 2 - 3 times higher, even up to 4 times. Grass is fed fresh without processing and can be mixed with other grasses. Grass can be cut for green compost or dried as reserve feed for livestock.

Nutritional value of 1kg fresh grass stem is equivalent to 0.21 food unit (547 Kcal ME) and has 11g of digestible protein.

* To breed and reproduce

Grass is mainly propagated asexually, so care must be taken to maintain good seeds, not to mix with weeds and to plant more sparsely than the non-propagated part. Seed fields need to create optimal growing conditions. Seed ratio is 2% compared to new planting, an average of two harvests per year ensure standard seeds.


Part 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS


5.1 Conclusion

- The farm is both a research and development center for many native flora and fauna species and a center built for production and business purposes. The farm is divided into 3 main production areas: 1 wild boar breeding area, 1 area for growing specialty grapefruit varieties and 1 area for breeding white horses and deer. Next to it is a VA06 grass field with an area of ​​about 1.5 hectares to provide grass for horses. Our research subject here is the VA06 hybrid grass variety, so the research topic is very closely related to this horse breeding area.

- VA06 grass is a high yielding, good quality grass variety, fast growth and development, short harvesting time. The average height of the grass is 2-3m, the number of leaves on the stem can reach 15-16 leaves, even up to 18-

19 leaves when well cared for. The average number of branches can reach 25-30 branches/year. Thereby, VA06 grass gives very high green yield, however, the yield of VA06 grass through the seasons of the year also has quite a large difference.

- Some main measures to solve the problem of grass shortage: Increase the grass growing area; after each cutting (or grazing), fertilize and water the grass; make silage, green silage in the excess grass crops to use for the winter; buy more grass or increase the amount of concentrated feed in the grass shortage season...

5.2. Recommendations

Due to limited research time, it is necessary to continue to fully research the yield potential of grass in each season and each month of the year to increase the reliability of the topic.

Farmers need to grasp the difference in grass productivity through each season to have appropriate measures to overcome grass shortage at each time of the year.


REFERENCES


I- VIETNAMESE

1. Doan An, Vo Van Tri (1976), Plants and use of some high-yield grass varieties, Agriculture Publishing House , Hanoi, pp. 6-9.

2. Vo Van Chi, Duong Duc Tien (1973), Plant classification , Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, pp.17,85.

3. Nguyen Ngoc Ha and CS (1998 - 1999), Production features and some technical measures to increase green matter and grass seed productivity, Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi.

4. Tu Quang Hien, Nguyen Khanh Quac, Tran Trang Nhung (2002), Grasslands and food plants, Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 8 – 38.

5. Dien Van Hung (1974 ), Animal feed plants in Northern Vietnam , Rural Publishing House, pp. 5 – 46.

6. Nguyen Dang Khoi, Duong Huu Thoi (1981), Research on Vietnamese animal feed plants, Science & Technology Publishing House, volume 2, pp: 6-12.

7. Quang Ngo, Sinh Tang (1976), Group of animal feed plants in the mountainous and midland areas of northern Vietnam, Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, pp: 42-61.

8. Nguyen Khanh Quac, Tu Quang Hien, Tran Trang Nhung (1995), Textbook on grasslands and forage plants, internal document of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry.

9. Nguyen Van Thien (2000), Research methods in animal husbandry , Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 105 – 148.

10. Trinh Van Thinh, Hoang Phuong, Nguyen An Tuong, Borget. M. Boudet; Coopeptp (1974), Grasslands and tropical forage plants. Hanoi Agricultural Publishing House, pp: 55-77.

11. Nguyen Van Thuong, IS Sumilin (1992), Handbook of nutritional composition of Vietnamese animal feed, Hanoi Agricultural Publishing House, p: 10.


12. Nguyen Xuan Truong, Le Van Nghia, Le Quoc Phong, Nguyen Dang Nghia (2000), Fertilizer use handbook , Ho Chi Minh City Agricultural Publishing House. pp: 60-93.

13. Animal Husbandry Institute (1977), Contents and methods of grass growing research, internal document, pp: 15-22.


II- ENGLISH

14. Hamphray (1980 ), Guide to intensive cultivation of tropical and subtropical grasslands , Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 10 – 25.

15. Loch, D. S (1978 ) , Basilisk signal grass, a productive pasture grass for the humid tropics, Queensl, Agric. J, P 104, 402-406.

III- Websites

16. http://www.Cucchannuoi.gov.vn/tin-chan-nuoi-trong-nuoc/ky-thuat-chan-nuoi-ngua.html

17. http://www.Vienchannuoi.vnn.vn/mot-so-giong-co-trong-chan-nuoi-dai-gia-suc.html


Some pictures of grass VA06


Figure: 1 VA06 grass at 50 days old in crop 1 (winter crop)


Figure: 2 VA06 grass at 50 days old in crop 2 (spring-summer crop)


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