Home

Research on some technical measures to immediately replant Coffea canephora Pierre var. robusta coffee trees in Dak Lak province - 2

1.4.1.1. Chemical measures 27

1.4.1.2. Biological measures 28

1.4.1.3. Integrated farming techniques 35

1.4.2. Research on nematode-resistant seed materials in the world..37

1.4.3. Research on technical measures for soil treatment to prevent nematodes and harmful fungi in Vietnam 40

Maybe you are interested!

1.4.3.1. Measures to treat soil before replanting coffee 40

1.4.3.2. Biological measures 41

Research on some technical measures to immediately replant Coffea canephora Pierre var. robusta coffee trees in Dak Lak province - 2

1.4.3.3. Integrated farming measures 44

1.4.4. Research on nematode-resistant seed materials in Vietnam .44 2.1. Research subjects and materials 47

2.1.1. Research subjects 47

2.1.2. Research materials 47

2.2. Time and place of research 47

2.2.1. Research time 47

2.2.2. Research location 48

2.3. Research content 48

2.4. Research methods 48

2.4.1. Method of determining appropriate soil treatment measures before immediate replanting of Robusta coffee trees in Dak Lak province. 48

2.4.2. Method to determine appropriate measures to control nematodes and root-damaging fungi for immediate replanting of Robusta coffee trees in Dak Lak province 51

2.4.3. Method of evaluating nematode-resistant seed materials for immediate replanting of Robusta coffee trees in Dak Lak province. 55

2.4.4. Methods of monitoring research indicators 57

2.4.5. Data processing method 60

CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 61

3.1. Research on soil treatment measures before replanting Robusta coffee in Dak Lak province 61

3.1.1. Effects of soil treatment measures on soil nematode density 61

3.1.2. Effect of soil treatments on Fusarium numbers

spp. in soil 63

3.2. Research to determine measures to control nematodes and root-damaging fungi for immediate replanting of Robusta coffee trees in Dak Lak province 67

3.2.1. Determining the appropriate amount of Tithonia diversifolia powder to control nematodes and harmful fungi on replanted Robusta coffee trees in Dak Lak province 67

3.2.1.1. Effect of wild sunflower powder on nematode density in soil 67

3.2.1.2. Effect of wild sunflower powder on nematode density in roots 69

3.2.1.3. Effect of wild sunflower powder on the number of harmful Fusarium spp. fungi in soil 71

3.2.1.4. Effect of the amount of wild sunflower powder on the frequency of occurrence of harmful Fusarium spp. fungi in roots 73

3.2.1.6. Effect of wild sunflower powder on growth indicators of coffee plants 76

3.2.1.7. Effect of wild sunflower powder on the rate of yellow leaves and plant death 81

3.2.1.8. Effect of wild sunflower powder on soil chemical properties 83

3.2.2.1. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the density of harmful nematodes in soil 84

3.2.2.2. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the density of harmful nematodes in roots 87

3.2.2.3. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the number of Fusarium spp. fungi in the soil after conducting the experiment 89

3.2.2.4. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the frequency of occurrence of Fusarium spp. in roots 91

3.2.2.5. Efficacy of combined chemical and biological measures in controlling nematodes and Fusarium spp. 93

3.2.2.6. Effects of combined chemical and biological measures on growth indicators of Robusta coffee trees replanted immediately after 95

3.2.2.7. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the rate of yellow leaves and 100% tree death rate

3.2.2.8. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on soil chemical properties 102

3.3. Evaluation of nematode resistance of seed materials used as rootstocks for immediate replanting of Robusta coffee 103

3.3.1. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials used as rootstocks on nematode density in soil 103

3.3.2. Effect of nematode-resistant materials used as rootstocks on nematode density in roots 105

3.3.3. Effect of nematode-resistant rootstock materials on the number of Fusarium spp. fungi in soil 107

3.3.4. Effect of nematode-resistant grafting materials used as rootstocks on the incidence of Fusarium spp. in roots 108

3.3.5. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials used as rootstocks on growth parameters of experiment 110

3.3.6. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials used as rootstocks on the rate of yellow leaves and plant death 116

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 121

Conclusion 121

Recommendation 122

REFERENCES 123

APPENDIX. RESULTS OF STATISTICAL PROCESSING 135

APPENDIX. SOME IMAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION 184


LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS


Acronym Full Meaning

WASI: Western Highlands Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute PTNT: Rural Development

M. : Meloidogyne

P. : Pratylenchus

cs. : collaborator (used for Vietnamese documents)

et al. : and associates (for English documents)

cfu : Colony Forming Unit

ICO: International Coffee Organization (International Coffee Organization) KHKT: Science and Technology

KTCB: Basic construction

RCBD : Randomized Complete Block Design CT : Formula

Control:

CV : Coefficient of Variation

LSD : Least Significant Difference


LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1. Area, yield and output of coffee in Vietnam in 2019 10

Table 1.2. Area of ​​coffee replanting and grafting in the Central Highlands by 2019 24

Table 2.1. Detailed information on drugs used in experiment 1 50

Table 2.2. Detailed information on drugs used in experiment 3 54

Table 3.1. Effects of soil treatment measures on soil nematode density 61

Table 3.2. Effects of soil treatments on Fusarium numbers

spp. in soil 64

Table 3.3. Control effectiveness of soil nematode density of treatment measures 66

Table 3.4. Efficacy of treatments in controlling the number of Fusarium spp. fungi in soil 67

Table 3.5. Effect of wild sunflower powder on soil nematode density 68

Table 3.6. Effect of wild sunflower powder on root nematode density 70

Table 3.7. Effect of wild sunflower powder on the number of Fusarium spp. fungi in soil 72

Table 3.8. Effect of the amount of wild sunflower powder on the frequency of fungus appearance

Fusarium spp. in roots 74

Table 3.9. The effectiveness of wild sunflower powder in controlling nematode density in soil and roots... 75 Table 3.10. The effectiveness of wild sunflower powder in controlling the number of Fusarium spp. fungi in soil 76

Table 3.11. Controlling effectiveness of Fusarium spp. fungus occurrence in roots of wild sunflower powder 76

Table 3.12. Effect of wild sunflower powder amount on root diameter 77

Table 3.13. Effect of wild sunflower powder amount on plant height 78

Table 3.14. Effect of wild sunflower powder amount on number of primary branch pairs 78

Table 3.15. Effect of wild sunflower powder amount on branch length 79

Table 3.16. Effect of the amount of wild sunflower powder on the number of nodes/branch 80

Table 3.17. Effect of wild sunflower powder amount on the rate of yellow leaves 81

Table 3.18. Effect of wild sunflower powder amount on plant death rate 82

Table 3.19. Soil chemistry in experimental area 83

Table 3.20. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on soil nematode density 85

Table 3.21. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on root nematode density 88

Table 3.22. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the number of Fusarium spp. fungi in soil 90

Table 3.23. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the frequency of occurrence of Fusarium spp. in roots 92

Table 3.24. The effectiveness of combined chemical and biological measures in controlling nematode density in soil and roots 93

Table 3.25. Efficacy of combined chemical and biological measures in controlling the number of Fusarium spp. fungi in soil 94

Table 3.26. Effectiveness of combined chemical and biological measures in controlling the frequency of Fusarium spp. occurrence in roots 95

Table 3.27. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on root diameter 96

Table 3.28. Effects of combined chemical and biological measures on tree height 96

Table 3.29. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the number of primary branch pairs 97

Table 3.30. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on branch length 98

Table 3.31. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the number of nodes/branch 99

Table 3.32. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on the rate of yellow leaves on 101 trees

Table 3.33. Effect of combined chemical and biological measures on tree mortality rate 102

Table 3.34. Soil chemistry in experimental area 103

Table 3.35. Effect of nematode-resistant rootstock materials on nematode density in soil 104

Table 3.36. Effect of nematode-resistant rootstock materials on root nematode density 106

Table 3.37. Effect of nematode-resistant rootstock materials on the number of Fusarium spp. fungi in the soil 108

Table 3.38. Effect of nematode-resistant rootstock materials on the frequency of Fusarium spp. in roots 109

Table 3.39. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials on root diameter 111

Table 3.40. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials on plant height 112

Table 3.41. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials on the number of primary branch pairs 113

Table 3.42. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials on branch length 114

Table 3.43. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials on the number of nodes/branch 115

Table 3.44. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials on the rate of yellow leaves 117

Table 3.45. Effect of nematode-resistant seed materials on plant mortality 119


LIST OF IMAGES, CHARTS

Figure 1.1. Geographic distribution of the eight genetic groups of Coffea canephora 7

Figure 1.2 . Classification based on Euclidean distance among eight groups Coffea canephora, Coffea arabica and Coffea eugenioides 7



1. Urgency of the topic

INTRODUCTION

Coffee is one of the strategic agricultural products, contributing more than 3.5 billion USD to the state budget. Coffee trees account for a large proportion of the total value of agricultural production and export turnover, contributing significantly to budget revenue and socio-economic development, stabilizing life (Nguyen Thi Lai and Do Thi My Hien, 2019) [13]. For the Central Highlands region in general and Dak Lak province in particular, coffee is a key industrial crop with high economic value, making an important contribution to socio-economic development in this region. According to statistics from the Department of Crop Production - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2019 [3], the total coffee area in the country by 2019 reached 688,300 hectares, the output of coffee beans is estimated at 1.623 million tons, the average yield is 26.0 quintals/ha. Of which, Dak Lak province has a commercial coffee area of ​​208,171 hectares with a replanting area of ​​28,848 hectares by the end of 2019, reaching over 97.5% of the replanting plan by the end of 2020 of the whole province, expected to be 29,600 hectares. However, replanting coffee trees, especially planting right on old coffee land, is a big challenge, causing difficulties for people as well as for the Vietnamese coffee industry when the area and demand for replanting are increasing.

According to the research results of Le Ngoc Bau, Che Thi Da (2012) [1], coffee areas replanted on old land after liquidation often show symptoms of yellow leaves, root rot and tree death. This phenomenon is quite common in replanted coffee gardens in Dak Lak province (≥ 90%). The main cause of this phenomenon is that the coffee tree roots are damaged by nematodes combined with fungi, causing rapid rot of the coffee roots. The damage caused by nematodes causes the root system to be damaged, not developing and creating conditions for fungi to invade. As a result, the tree cannot absorb nutrients, has poor growth ability, leading to damage to the yield and quality of the coffee tree. Due to

Comment


Agree Privacy Policy *