Research on determining varieties and some technical measures to increase productivity and economic efficiency in tomato production in the Red River Delta

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

VIETNAM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

-------***-------

DANG VAN NIEN

RESEARCH ON DETERMINING VARIETIES AND SOME TECHNICAL MEASURES TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN TOMATO PRODUCTION

IN THE RED RIVER DELTA

DOCTORAL THESIS IN AGRICULTURE

Hanoi, 2014

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

VIETNAM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

-------***-------

DANG VAN NIEN

RESEARCH ON DETERMINING VARIETIES AND SOME TECHNICAL MEASURES TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN TOMATO PRODUCTION

IN THE RED RIVER DELTA

DOCTORAL THESIS IN AGRICULTURE

Major: Plant Science Code: 62.62.01.10

Scientific instructor:

1. Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Hue

2. Dr. Tran Ngoc Hung

Hanoi, 2014

COMMITMENT

I hereby declare that this is my own research work. The data and research results in this thesis are honest and have never been published in any other work.

I certify that all help and cooperation received in preparing this thesis has been acknowledged and all sources used in this thesis have been duly acknowledged.

Thesis author

Dang Van Nien

THANK YOU

To complete this thesis, I have received enthusiastic attention and help from teachers, groups, individuals, friends, colleagues and family.

I would like to express my deep gratitude to Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Hue - Vietnam Plant Breeding Association, Dr. Tran Ngoc Hung - Head of Biotechnology Department - Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute - who have wholeheartedly guided and helped me throughout the process of implementing the topic as well as completing the thesis.

I would like to sincerely thank my brothers, sisters, and colleagues from Syngenta Vietnam Co., Ltd., Tan Nong Co., Ltd.... for their enthusiastic help and cooperation during the implementation of the project.

I would like to sincerely thank the teachers, brothers and sisters in the Graduate Training Department, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences for their dedicated help and guidance throughout the process of studying and implementing the topic.

I would like to sincerely thank the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Departments of Agriculture and Cooperatives in the provinces of Vinh Phuc, Hanoi, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Hai Phong, Nam Dinh for their cooperation, assistance and favorable conditions for me in the process of implementing the topic.

And my family members have always been there, encouraging and supporting me with time, effort and money to complete this research.

Thank you very much!

Hanoi, date month year 2014

Author

Dang Van Nien

INDEX
Promise		Page i
Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of tables List of figures List of abbreviations		ii iii vi ix x
INTRODUCTION
1.	Urgency of the topic	1
2.	Objective of the topic	3
2.1.	General Objective	3
2.2.	Specific goals	3
3.	Scientific and practical significance of the topic	3
3.1.	Scientific significance	3
3.2.	Practical significance	4
4.	Subject and scope of the research topic	4
4.1.	Research object	4
4.2.	Scope of research	4
5.	New contributions of the Thesis	4

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CHAPTER I. OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENTS AND SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE TOPIC

1.1. General introduction to tomato plants 6

1.1.1. Origin and development history 6

1.1.2. Tomato classification 6

1.1.3. Basic botanical characteristics of tomato plants 7

1.1.4. Environmental requirements of tomato plants 8

1.1.4.1. Temperature requirements 8

1.1.4.2. Lighting requirements 10

1.1.4.3. Water requirements 10

1.1.4.4. Requirements for soil and mineral nutrients 11

1.2. Production and consumption of tomatoes in the world 12

and in Vietnam

1.2.1. Production and consumption of tomatoes in the world 12

1.2.2. Production and consumption of tomatoes in Vietnam 13

1.3. Research status of tomato plants related to topic 15

talent in the world and in Vietnam

1.3.1. Research on tomato breeding 15

1.3.1.1. Method of selecting and breeding tomato varieties 15

1.3.1.2. Results of research on tomato breeding in the world

gender

1.3.1.3 Results of research on tomato breeding in Vietnam 23

Male

1.3.2. Research and application of intensive eggplant cultivation techniques 28

sour

1.3.2.1. Research on tomato production technology in the world 28

1.3.2.2 Research on tomato production techniques in Vietnam 36

CHAPTER II. MATERIALS, CONTENT AND RESEARCH METHODS

2.1. Research materials 42

2.2. Research content 42

2.3. Research location and time 43

2.4 Research methods 45

2.4.1. Method of investigating tomato production situation in 45

Delta

2.4.2. Methods of arranging field experiments 45

2.4.3. Group 50 research method

2.4.4. Production testing methods and construction of 50

demonstration model

2.4.5. Indicators and methods of monitoring and evaluation 51

2.4.6. Data processing method 54

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Current status of tomato production in the Mekong Delta 55

Pink

3.1.1. Weather and climate conditions in the Red River Delta in the period 2008-55

2012

3.1.2. Planting season and tomato variety structure in the Red River Delta, phase 57

2008-2012 period

3.1.3. Changes in tomato varieties over time 59

space

3.1.4. Development of pests on tomato plants at stage 60

2009-2011

3.1.5. Tomato production efficiency at research sites in 62

Red River Delta through different seasons

3.1.6. Seed supply system, harvesting methods and 64

Tomato consumption model in the Red River Delta

3.1.7 Limiting factors and difficulties in tomato production 67

in the Mekong Delta

3.1.8 Propose some solutions to overcome the limitations, 69

hard

3.2. Research to determine suitable tomato varieties for 69

Red River Delta

3.2.1. Survey of imported tomato varieties 69

3.2.2. Evaluation of promising tomato varieties 73

3.2.2.1. Agronomic characteristics of tomato varieties 74

3.2.2.2 Factors that contribute to productivity and yield 76

3.2.2.3. Fruit quality 80

3.2.2.4. Resistance to some major diseases 82

3.2.3. Results of production trials of tomato varieties developed 84

Winter crop prospects in the Red River Delta

3.3. Research to determine some technical measures 88

Increasing yield and efficiency of promising tomato varieties

3.3.1. Effect of planting season on growth and yield

Yield and disease susceptibility of Savior tomato variety

3.3.2. Determining the appropriate planting density and fertilization regime for the tomato variety TAT072672 (Hong Ngoc) in off-season conditions in the Red River Delta

3.3.2.1. Determining planting density for Hong Ngoc variety in Spring-Summer and Fall-Winter crops

3.3.2.2. Determine the appropriate fertilizer regime for Hong Ngoc variety in Spring-Summer and Fall-Winter crops

3.3.3. Determining suitable planting density and fertilization regime for TAT062659 variety in main crop conditions in the Red River Delta

3.3.3.1. Determining suitable planting density for variety TAT062659 in winter crop

3.3.3.2. Determine the appropriate fertilizer regime for TAT062659 variety in the winter crop

3.3.4. Brief introduction of 2 technical processes for growing Hong Ngoc and TAT062659 varieties

3.3.5. Building a model for growing Hong Ngoc and TAT062659 varieties in the Red River Delta

101

103

105

106

3.3.5.1. Model of growing Hong Ngoc 106 variety

3.3.5.2. Model of planting variety TAT062659 108

3.4. Perfecting the grafting process and efficiency of grafted Savior tomato production in the Red River Delta

3.4.1. Determining the appropriate rootstock for the Savior tomato variety

3.4.1.1. Growth parameters of tomato plants and rootstocks during the nursery stage

3.4.1.2. Evaluation of bacterial wilt resistance level of

Savior tomato and Hawaii7996 rootstock and the effect of bacterial isolates on tomato accessions

3.4.1.3. Growth, development, adaptability and yield characteristics of Savior tomatoes grafted on different rootstocks in the Summer-Autumn and Spring-Summer crops in the Red River Delta

3.4.2. Process of completing grafting Savior tomatoes on eggplant EG203, Hawaiian 7996 and Solanum procumbens roots

109

111

114

115

123

3.4.3. Economic efficiency of Savior 123 tomato demonstration model