+ How to perform: The player is in the middle of the field in a ready position, then moves diagonally back to the right and hits the shuttlecock straight into the designated box, then quickly returns to the ready position, then continues to move diagonally back to the left and hits the shuttlecock straight into the designated box (10 balls).
- Test smashing 10 balls diagonally along the boundary of the 1m x 4.72m box
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the bridge hitting technique
cross
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to do: The athlete stands in the middle of the field in a ready position then moves
Move diagonally back to the right and hit the diagonal ball into the designated box, then quickly return to the ready position, then continue moving diagonally back to the left and hit the diagonal ball into the designated box (10 balls).
- Test high and deep serve 10 balls 1m x 1m back of the court
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the technique of high and deep single court serve.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to perform: The player stands in the center of the court, serves the shuttlecock high and deep across the court into the designated box (10 balls).
- Low serve test with nearly 10 balls 20cm x 2.61m
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the low backhand serve technique.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to do: The athlete stands close to the 1m98 line and serves the ball low, near the backhand, cross-court into the designated box (10 shots).
- Test for high, deep, forehand, straight shot, 10 balls, 1m x 1m square
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the technique of hitting the ball with a straight high and deep forehand stroke.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to do: The player stands and moves diagonally to the 2 end corners of the court and hits the shuttlecock high and deep in a straight line into the designated box (10 balls).
- Test high and deep forehand diagonal shot 10 balls 1m x 1m
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the technique of the diagonal high-deep forehand stroke.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to do: The player stands and moves diagonally to the 2 end corners of the court and hits the shuttlecock high and deep diagonally into the designated box (10 balls).
- Test cross ball along the sideline 10 squares 1m x 4.72m
+ Purpose: Evaluate the accuracy of the crossing technique
straight.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to do: The athlete stands in the middle of the field in a ready position then moves
Move horizontally to the right, cross the ball straight into the designated box, then quickly return to the ready position, then continue moving horizontally to the left, cross the ball straight into the designated box (10 balls).
- Test hanging (tight) forehand shuttlecock on straight line 1.98m x 1m
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the straight-line forehand chop technique.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to perform: The player is in the middle of the field in a ready position, then moves diagonally back to the right to hit the shuttlecock in a straight line near the net into the designated box, then quickly returns to the ready position, then continues to move diagonally back to the left to hit the shuttlecock in a straight line near the net into the designated box (10 balls).
- Test hanging (tight) forehand diagonal bridge 1.98m x 1m
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the diagonal forehand chop technique.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to perform: The player is in the middle of the field in a ready position, then moves diagonally back to the right to hit the shuttlecock diagonally near the net into the designated box, then quickly returns to the ready position, then continues to move diagonally back to the left to hit the shuttlecock diagonally near the net into the designated box (10 balls).
- Test the bridge (small) straight line of 0.5m x 0.5m square
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the bridge technique.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to perform: The player stands right at the center of the upper service line (1m98 from the net), moves up to the right net, hits the shuttlecock with the forehand into the designated box, then returns to the original position, continues to move up to the left net, hits the shuttlecock with the backhand into the designated box (10 balls).
- Test hook bridge (pull bridge) diagonal grid 0.5m x 0.5m
+ Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the bridge technique.
+ Equipment: Court, racket, shuttlecock.
+ How to perform: The player stands right at the center of the upper service line (1m98 from the net), moves up to the right net to hook the shuttlecock with the forehand (the shuttlecock goes from right to left and close to the edge of the net) into the designated box, then returns to the original position, continues to move up to the left net to hook the shuttlecock with the backhand (the shuttlecock goes from left to right and close to the edge of the net) into the designated box (10 balls).
2.2.7. Statistical mathematical methods [41]
Based on the data collected, the thesis uses Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS 20.0 software to calculate statistical parameters including the following contents:
❖ Descriptive Analysis
Use descriptive statistical analysis to analyze the standard deviation, mean, variance... of the collected data to analyze the basic issues of the thesis.
❖ Wilcoxon test method
Using this method to test the difference through 02 expert surveys on selecting indicators, testing to determine the model of high-level Vietnamese female badminton athletes.
❖ Multiple regression analysis
Regression analysis is the study of the influence of one or more variables (explanatory variables or independent variables) on a variable (result variable or dependent variable) to predict the outcome variable based on the known values of the explanatory variables. The thesis uses the method of multivariate regression analysis to estimate the influence of indicators and tests in the model of Vietnamese high-level female badminton athletes.
2.3. Research organization
2.3.1. Scope of research
The research topic in the typical case is the high-level female athletes with excellent achievements of Vietnam competing in national and international tournaments in 2016, 2017, 2018. In addition, the topic also conducts verification and evaluation of the development potential of 5 young female badminton athletes who are training at the National Sports Training Center in Da Nang.
2.3.2. Research location and time
Research location: Da Nang National Sports Training Center, and Ho Chi Minh City University of Physical Education and Sports.
Research period: From August 2016 to December 2020.
2.2.3. Research plan
The research plan is divided into the following main stages:
Phase 1: From August 2016 to December 2017
- Choose a topic name, build a thesis outline.
- Defend thesis outline before the Scientific Council.
- Collect professional documents related to the thesis topic.
- Complete doctoral courses according to the School's regulations.
Ho Chi Minh City University of Sports.
- Regularly update domestic and international scientific information in libraries and on websites related to research issues.
- Prepare first year progress report.
Phase 2: From January 2018 to December 2018
- Develop detailed outline - Detailed framework structure of the Thesis
- Complete chapter 1: Overview of research issues
- Complete chapter 2: Research methods and organization
- Prepare work related to solving research objective number 1
- Solve Objective 1 of the thesis
- Prepare second year progress report.
Phase 3: From January 2019 to December 2019
- Solve objective 2 of the thesis.
- Ask for advice from scientific advisors and experts to complete the thesis.
- Prepare 3rd year progress report.
Phase 4: From January 2020 to December 2020
- Write scientific articles
- English B2 test according to European framework program
- Defend the General Essay and 3 doctoral topics
- Complete thesis
- Defend the thesis at the doctoral thesis evaluation council at the basic and school levels.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Research on selecting indicators and characteristic tests to identify the model of high-level Vietnamese female badminton athletes
To determine the criteria and test the model of high-level female badminton athletes, the thesis proceeds with the following steps:
Step 1: Synthesize and systematize the indicators and tests used in evaluating the badminton athlete performance and determining the badminton athlete model of domestic and foreign authors.
Step 2: Based on the existing criteria and tests, select the specific criteria and tests used by many authors.
Step 3: Develop a questionnaire to interview experts for opinions as a basis for selecting indicators and testing characteristics to identify the model of high-level Vietnamese female badminton athletes.
Step 4: Select the indicators and test characteristics to identify the model of Vietnamese high-level female badminton athletes.
3.1.1. Synthesis of indicators and characteristic tests to identify the model of high-level Vietnamese female badminton athletes
Through the synthesis of documents from domestic and foreign authors, the thesis selected 58 indicators that over 50% of authors used to evaluate the TĐTL of badminton athletes. The statistical results are presented in Table 3.1. In which:
Morphological group includes 17 indicators: Standing height (cm), Weight (kg), Quetelet index (g/cm), Arm span length (cm), Arm length (cm), Sitting height (cm), Thigh length (cm), Index finger length (cm), Leg length H (cm), Leg length A (cm), Leg length A/standing height x 100, Tendon length A sin (cm), Ankle circumference (cm), Ankle circumference/Tendon length A sin x 100, Chest circumference (cm), Hip width (cm), Body fat percentage (Fat%).
The physiological function group includes 10 indicators: Heart rate (beats/minute), Cardiac function (HW), Blood pressure (mmHg), Vital capacity (liter), VO 2max (ml/kg/min), Maximum anaerobic capacity (PP), Testosterone, Growth Hormone, IGF-I (Insulin-like growth factor I), Cortisol.
The psychological group includes 4 indicators: Single reflex (ms), Complex reflex (ms), Information processing ability (Landolt open loop), Forty circle points calculated by points and time (seconds).
The general fitness group includes 9 tests: High jump in place (cm), Long jump in place (cm), Prone push-ups for 1 minute (times), Supine sit-ups for 1 minute (times), 30m XPC run (s), 100m XPC run (s), 800m run (minutes, s), 1500m run (minutes, s) and 5000m run (minutes, s).
The specialized physical fitness group includes 7 tests: Throwing the shuttlecock far (cm), Moving across the single court for 1 minute (times), Moving along the single court for 1 minute (times), Moving to 4 corners of the court for 1 minute (times), Hexagonal jump (s), T-run (s) and Shoulder flexibility (cm).
The technical group includes 11 tests: Smash 10 balls straight along the 1m x 4.72m box, Smash 10 balls diagonally along the 1m x 4.72m box, High and deep serve 10 balls 1x1m at the end of the court, Low serve 10 balls 20cm x 2.61m, High and deep hit 10 balls straight 1m x 1m, High and deep hit 10 balls diagonally 1m x 1m, Cross the ball along the sideline 10 balls 1m x 4.72m, Hang (chop) the ball straight 1.98m x 1m, Hang (chop) the ball diagonal 1.98m x 1m, Roll (drop) the ball straight 0.5m x 0.5m and Hook (pull the ball) diagonal 0.5m x 0.5m.
The group of biochemical and hematological indexes includes 04 indexes and 1 index combination:
Testosterone, Growth hormone, IGF – I (Insulin like factor I), Cortisol.
Table 3.1: Summary results of indicators and specific tests to evaluate the physical fitness of badminton players
TT
Content | References | Total | Proportion | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | ||||
1 | Standing height (cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 20 | 90.9 | ||
2 | Weight (kg) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 16 | 72.7 | ||||||
3 | Quetelet index (g/cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 17 | 77.3 | |||||
4 | Arm span (cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 19 | 86.4 | |||
5 | Arm length (cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 15 | 68.2 | |||||||
6 | Sitting height (cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 15 | 68.2 | |||||||
7 | Thigh length (cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 12 | 54.5 | ||||||||||
8 | Length of index finger (cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 13 | 59.1 | |||||||||
9 | Leg length H (cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 17 | 77.3 | |||||
10 | Leg length A (cm) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 20 | 90.9 | ||
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