INTRODUCTION
The reality of production activities proves that no country has enough animal and plant genetic resources, so the import and addition of animal and plant species with the aim of increasing the gene pool, increasing exploitation and cultivation output has long been of interest to countries around the world. Some species have had a positive impact on biodiversity in their new habitats and brought practical economic benefits to the importing countries. However, there are also some species that have had a negative impact on biodiversity in the places where they were introduced and left bad consequences for the economies of importing countries.
In recent decades, most countries in the world have begun to pay attention to the management of alien species. Many countries such as Australia and Japan have proposed measures such as inventorying, monitoring, and assessing the environmental and biodiversity consequences of alien species. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) also has a program to inventory and assess the environmental consequences of alien species in the development of Agriculture - Forestry - Fisheries.
In Vietnam, in recent years, invasive species have also caused many harmful effects to irrigation systems, agriculture, biodiversity... and caused serious economic losses such as golden apple snail epidemic, mimosa tree...
Studies show that all alien species found in Vietnam are listed in the “ 100 most dangerous invasive alien species in the world ”. On the other hand, due to objective factors such as geographical location, terrain, climate conditions, and the process of international integration, the risk of alien species entering our country is very high.
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Vinh Phuc Province - the Northwest gateway of Hanoi Capital, belongs to the Red River Delta, is one of 8 provinces in the Northern key economic region. Vinh Phuc is located in the tropical monsoon region, the average annual temperature is 24.2 0 C, the natural area is about 1,231 km2, the population is about 1,014 thousand people. The province has 137 communes,
Wards and towns belong to 9 administrative units including: Vinh Yen city (the economic, political and cultural center of the province), Phuc Yen town and 7 districts: Binh Xuyen, Yen Lac, Vinh Tuong, Tam Duong, Tam Dao, Lap Thach and Song Lo.
Due to its geographical location, three distinct ecological zones have been formed here: plains, midlands and mountains, along with relatively abundant surface water and underground water resources, making it extremely convenient for the development of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, industry and tourism - services.
The development of agriculture, forestry and fishery in Vinh Phuc province is also in the general situation of the whole country in having to face invasive alien species and their impacts on production and biodiversity conservation. In particular, Vinh Phuc province has many unique ecosystems with rich environmental landscapes and biodiversity, but also contains threats and risks from alien species such as aquatic ecosystems in lagoons, lakes and agricultural crops, livestock and forest trees. However, up to now, Vinh Phuc has not had any research to collect statistics, evaluate and forecast the impacts of invasive alien species in the province.
Therefore, the implementation of the topic "Research on
tran
g and proposed solution
"Methods to control invasive alien species in Vinh Phuc" is necessary and will create a foundation for implementing activities to prevent, reduce, eventually eliminate and strictly control invasive alien species and alien species at risk of invasion in Vinh Phuc. On the other hand, it also serves as a basis for implementing the national action plan on biodiversity until 2010 and orientation to 2020, implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. The thesis includes:
Chapter 1: Overview of research problem
Chapter 2: Location, time and research methods Chapter 3: Research results
Conclusion and recommendations
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.1. Explanation of terms
* Pests are species, strains, forms (biological, physiological, ecological) of plants, animals or microorganisms that are harmful to crops, forest trees, livestock and agricultural, forestry and aquatic products.
* Intentional translocation is the movement of living species to a new area by humans for a specific purpose such as: as a food source, as decoration or for scientific purposes, etc.
* Inadvertent translocation is the movement of species to a new area by humans, unintentionally, randomly and without prior planning.
* Ecological liberation is the escape from the restrictive effects of ecological factors on organisms.
* New varieties (of plants, livestock, aquatic products) are varieties (of plants, livestock, aquatic products) that are created for the first time, or imported into the country for the first time.
* An alien species is a hybrid of organisms that appears and develops in a large area that is not their natural habitat.
* Biology
outside
hybrid
is an alien species that invades a habitat or causes harm
harmful to native species, causing imbalance in the places where they appear and develop.
* Ability to become a living being
outside
Invasiveness is the ability of a species to
An organism that has moved beyond its natural range and lives, thrives, and causes harm in a new area.
1.2. Current status of social security issues in the world
1.2.1. General assessment of the situation of social security in the world
The recent situation of SVNLXH occurring in countries around the world has led experts in the field of biodiversity conservation to conclude: "The spread of SVNLXH is creating enormous, long-term and complex challenges that threaten the natural biodiversity of the Earth and the common prosperity of mankind".
The spread of SWM is now recognised as the greatest threat to ecosystems and the world economy. The direct and indirect impacts of SWM on human health are becoming increasingly serious - the damage they cause to nature is often irreversible.
The harmful effects of SVNLXH are becoming more and more serious due to global climate change, physical and chemical disturbances affecting species and ecosystems.
The globalization of economic and cultural activities is increasing at a rapid pace, leading to the growth of trade, tourism, freight transport, cultural exchange... across borders, making people closer together and creating more favorable conditions for economic development. These activities also create favorable conditions for alien and invasive species to cross many national borders, spread to many countries and cause serious harm. However, due to the characteristics of different countries, the nature and severity of alien and invasive species to economic and social activities, life, health and natural resources in each country are different.
The current situation of invasive species in the world and the socio-economic activities of humans that have impacted ecosystems to prevent harm and manage many invasive species are summarized in the general diagram of the relationships between human socio-economic activities and invasive species (Figure 1).
Addressing this issue in each country requires solutions that are consistent with the values, requirements and priorities of each country. However, to ensure good and sustainable results, there must be unity among countries around the world. To effectively prevent the movement of SVNLXH on a global scale, there must be timely and smooth coordination between measures of governments and regions, and close cooperation between state organizations and non-governmental organizations at home and abroad.
From the above comments and assessments, scientists and managers around the world have put forward the following urgent requirements:
- It is necessary to recognize that SVNLXH is a threat to biodiversity and food security, health and economic development.
- There is a need for unified action to prevent the spread of SVNLXH, comprehensive actions by countries and internationally.
- Rapid response is crucial in eradicating SVNLXH, although difficult and costly, it can be done.
- It is necessary to have measures to prevent, narrow the distribution range, control the spread and consider these as basic solutions, often bringing economic benefits.
Formation and spread
of the
invasion
species
born
object
Economic activities
- human society (industry and agriculture...)
Changes in the characteristics of ecosystems (biodiversity, productivity,
sustainability...)
Child response activities
people (solutions)
apply)
Impact on the
invasive species
Economic and technical measures affecting the system
Ecology
Impact on opportunities for the establishment and spread of invasive organisms
harm
Limit the opportunity to form and
widespread
Increase prevention effectiveness,
manage
Changes in natural factors and conditions (climate,
country...)
Measures to manage economic activities -
society
Measures affecting the
natural elements
Pressure
Status
Response
Figure 1.1: General diagram of the relationships between human socio-economic activities and biological species
1.2.2. Basic characteristics of SVNLXH species
Currently, in the world there have been many research projects on related issues.
related to SVNLXH such as its characteristics, impacts and fluctuations in the environment, between countries and globally.
a. SVNLXH species are the main agents causing disturbances in the ecosystems.
The species composition of a particular ecosystem at any given time and place will depend on the current environmental conditions, the extent and type of disturbance occurring, the presence and absence of species in that ecosystem, and the composition of the regional species supply.
Humans often have many impacts and cause changes in ecosystems. In promoting the formation of SVNLXH species, human impacts are shown in the following aspects:
- Accelerate changes in living environments and conditions for the survival of living species.
- Strong growth in intentional and unintentional transport of species around the world.
- Increases species in areas, while reducing native species and leading to a decrease in species numbers worldwide.
The combination of the above factors is the basis for creating fundamental changes in ecosystems. Species with suitable characteristics, gaining advantages from disturbances in the ecosystem, often have the ability to survive and thrive.
b. The SVNLXH species is an ecologically released species.
The richness of species and their distribution ranges in ecosystems are due to the balance between the processes of reproduction, growth, death and movement across different areas and distribution zones.
The range limit of a species lies at the boundary line at which the death rate of individuals in the species begins to exceed the reproduction rate of other individuals in the same species. In natural conditions, the population density of a species is often limited by parasites, predators (often called predators)
enemy).
When an invasive species enters a new habitat, it is often not followed by its natural enemies, so it often benefits from that “ecological release.” This allows it to reach much higher population densities than it would in its native habitat, where it would be kept in check by its natural enemies.
c. Some notable ecological characteristics of SVNLXH
- The larger the initial population size of a species, the greater its likelihood of becoming an invasive species. Species that are intentionally introduced and kept in captivity (for animals) or cultivated (for plants) for a long time are more likely to become invasive.
- Species with a wide natural geographic distribution range are more likely to become SVNLXH than species with a narrow distribution range.
- A invasive species in one country or region will have a high risk of becoming invasive to countries or regions with similar natural and ecological conditions.
- Species that can only interbreed with a particular pollen-bearing species can only become interbreeding when the particular pollen-bearing species is introduced with that species.
- A SVNLXH will become invasive when the environmental conditions in the new place are similar to those in its place of origin, especially climatic conditions.
d. The rate of spread of SVNLXH depends on many factors.
The rate of spread of SVNLXH is a function of the main variables: the reproduction of individuals and their dispersal. For species that have a fast reproduction rate and spread easily, their ability to spread is very fast. For plant species, to determine their rate of spread, it is necessary to know their dispersal routes, especially passive dispersal routes (by humans, by animals, by means of transport...), which are routes that can take them over very long distances and very large obstacles.
The spread of SVNLXH depends on many factors such as: speed of spread,