Quantity and Output of Livestock Products in Nghe An Province

In 2007, pigs increased from 1,190,000 to 1,239,000, and cows increased from

315,000 to 445,000 in 2007, poultry increased from 10,524,000 in 2003 to 10,730,000 in 2007. That shows that from raising buffaloes and cows for plowing in agricultural production, there has now been a shift towards raising meat for products and goods that are increasing rapidly according to the requirements of sub-regions in the province, the requirements of the whole province and the whole country.

In 2007, the program of converting some ineffective food production areas to concentrated grass cultivation for livestock development was also focused. By the end of 2006, the whole province had 3,905 hectares of grass, in 2007, 750 hectares were newly planted, bringing the total concentrated grass area of the whole province to 4,650 hectares.

Table 2.14. Quantity and output of livestock products in Nghe An province

Target

Unit

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

I- Quantity 1. Livestock

In there:

- Buffalo

- Cow

2. Poultry

3. Other livestock

child

1,793

1,854

1,921

1,850

1,919

child

288

289

294

288

292

child

315

350

388

426

445

child

10,524

10,274

10,950

10,156

10,730

child

62.5

80.8

101.3

124.1

132

II. Meat output from slaughtered livestock and poultry

- In there

Pork

Ton

93,623

105,754

122,074

124,032

132,008

Ton

67,930

80,321

93,810

94,982

98,087

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Source: Nghe An Provincial Statistics Office

In 2007, continued to direct the construction of concentrated livestock farms in the industrial direction. Up to now, the whole province has 297 livestock farms, including 81 pig farms; 27 poultry farms; 162 cattle farms and 27 buffalo farms. In addition to traditional livestock products such as buffalo, cows, pigs, chickens, etc., it is noteworthy that the goat and deer herds in the province are growing strongly. Typically, in mountainous districts such as Nghia Dan, Quy Hop, Tuong Duong, etc., there are favorable conditions for the development of buffalo, cow, goat and deer farming. In addition, the formation of grasslands for livestock farming creates conditions for rapidly increasing the production value of the industry and improving economic efficiency in livestock farming in the province.

The statistics in the table show that the structure is quite suitable between livestock types. In livestock farming, the province still focuses on developing all types of livestock that are popular commodities and have high economic value. Besides strongly developing livestock and poultry for meat and processing, the province also focuses on developing specialty livestock to meet the increasing demand of consumers, domestic and foreign markets such as deer, goats, etc.

The rapid development of the quantity and quality of livestock in livestock farming has contributed to increasing economic efficiency in livestock farming, increasing income for farmers, and increasing state budget revenue. The rapid development of the quantity and quality of livestock also contributes to forming a reasonable economic structure in livestock farming in the province. The development of a variety of livestock suitable to the characteristics of each locality creates a relative volume of livestock products, specifically shown through the commodity rate that the author collected from the information.

Investigation in some typical areas in the province

* Rate of agricultural products in livestock farming of Nghe An province

Through the data in Table 2.15, we see that in livestock farming, developing specialty livestock such as deer, goats... brings high commodity rates.

than livestock and poultry. Every year, the number of livestock and some other animals brings a large amount of goods, the rate of goods from these animals accounts for an average of 80% to over 90% annually. Thus, the province should have more measures and investment programs to quickly develop the quantity and quality of the herd to promote the strengths of each local area and strongly develop commodity production in the agricultural sector in general and the livestock sector in particular.

Table 2.15. Rate of agricultural products in livestock farming in the province

Target

Unit	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
1. Livestock - Quantity - HH rate	Ngh.con %	1,793 77.63	1,854 76.84	1,921 82.92	1,850 85.32	1,919 87.84
2. Poultry
- Quantity	Ngh.con	10,524	10,274	10,950	10,156	10,730
-HH rate	%	52.08	48.96	56.06	49.32	50.02
3. Other livestock
- Quantity	Ngh.con	62.5	80.8	101.3	124.1	132
-HH rate	%	87.92	88.04	89.73	92.08	94.16

Source: Survey data processing

However, in recent years, livestock farming in the province has had many limitations due to continuous epidemics. Therefore, in order to further develop livestock farming, the province needs to have better measures to prevent diseases and ensure safety in processing foods from livestock products.

* Services for agricultural production

Services in agricultural production of Nghe An province in recent years have achieved a relatively high growth rate (from 1.28% in 2003 to 1.36% in 2006).

and 1.42% in 2007). This shows that services in agricultural production have been focused on developing to serve agricultural production to achieve higher efficiency. Services serving agricultural production in Nghe An province include services providing input factors for agricultural production such as: seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc., services serving livestock such as seeds, medicine to prevent and treat diseases for livestock and poultry, etc., irrigation services, services processing agricultural products, etc.

In 2007, the whole province supplied 100,000 tons of urea.

5,000 tons of SA fertilizer, 25,000 tons of potassium fertilizer, 1,000 tons of phosphate fertilizer, 150,000 tons of NPK fertilizer (of which industry units supply 100,000 tons), 110 tons of plant protection drugs, 2,000,000 doses of livestock vaccination, 2,100 tons of Chinese hybrid rice, 150 tons of hybrid corn (of which industry units supply 100 tons), 400 tons of peanut seeds, 500 tons of pure rice of all kinds, 350 multi-function small plows, 100 agricultural dryers, 100 rice harvesters, and 2,000 million VND of agricultural machinery spare parts.

In addition to supplying sufficient quantity and on time, reasonable prices must be the top priority. Suppliers of materials, fertilizers, plant varieties, livestock, pesticides, veterinary drugs, mechanical machines, etc. that do not ensure quality and cause losses to producers must be responsible for compensating for all damages caused by poor quality materials.

Thus, in terms of industry structure, the province's agricultural production in recent years has developed strongly, contributing a significant part to the province's GDP, contributing to accelerating the industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Comprehensive and sustainable agricultural development in the direction of commodity production with increasingly large scale and increasingly high efficiency with the goal of export. Nghe An agriculture is gradually asserting its position in the domestic, regional and world markets, the agricultural economy has contributed an important part.

important role in the overall economic development of the province, contributing to increasing income, improving the lives of farmers, creating conditions for farmers to get rich, significantly changing the face of the province's countryside. The reason why Nghe An agriculture has achieved the above results is because in recent years the province has paid attention and invested in the right direction in developing the agricultural economy, in which the most notable are the programs and projects on restructuring crops and livestock that the province has been applying and implementing. However, the agricultural economy of the province in the process of development and restructuring also has certain advantages and disadvantages that the province needs to draw lessons for the economic development strategy in general and the agricultural economy in particular.

2.3.2.3. Structure of components in agricultural production of Nghe An province

Participating in agricultural production of Nghe An province are the following components: State-owned enterprises, collective economy, individual economy and private economy.

Table 2.16. Production value and production structure of economic sectors of the province

Nghe An 2007

Ingredient

Production value (million dong)	Structure (%)
Total	8,483,675	100.00
State Economy	356,165	4.20
Collective economy	2,980,425	35.13
Individual economy	5,142,862	60.60
Private economy	6.223	0.07

- State-owned enterprises in agricultural production of the province .

In 2007, the production value of State-owned enterprises reached 356,165 million VND, accounting for nearly 4.20% of the total production value of the agricultural sector of all economic sectors. This shows that State-owned enterprises have made good progress.

role in agricultural production in recent years. The production value of state-owned enterprises has continuously increased in recent years. State-owned enterprises hold a very important position in developing agricultural production towards commodity production in Nghe An province. These enterprises are both the place to supply input factors and the place to consume agricultural products produced by farmers without processing, creating conditions to improve the quality of agricultural and forestry products, and enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products in the domestic and world markets.

- Collective economic component.

The collective economy in agricultural production of the province in recent years has also had significant developments, typically agricultural cooperatives, this economic sector has contributed significantly to the value of agricultural production in the province in recent years, this economic sector has increasingly promoted its capacity and brought high efficiency with the total value of agricultural production of the collective economic sector annually reaching over 2,500 million VND. Specifically: in 2006 it reached 2,780,046 million VND, in 2007 it reached

2,980,425 million VND (accounting for 35.13%). Currently, 8 new cooperatives have been established in the province, reaching 53.34% of the plan, bringing the total number of cooperatives in the province to 378. The number of cooperative members increased by 5,275 people, the number of employed workers increased by 5,970 people. Of which, 133 cooperatives have profits of over 20 million VND/year and 36 cooperatives have new capital contributions from members, granting business licenses to 231 agricultural cooperatives.

Thus, in general, the initial steps have created a change in people's awareness of the new type of cooperative, gradually improving the efficiency of production, business and services, contributing to promoting the development of household economy.

- Individual economic components.

In recent years, the individual economic sector has developed quite rapidly, mainly in the form of family farms.

Currently, in rural areas in the whole province, there are 1,252 farms, including: 646 crop farms; 119 livestock farms; 178 aquaculture farms and 309 general business farms. The number of farms granted certificates in the year is 188 farms.

Farm economy is essentially a household economy producing agricultural commodities (including forestry and aquaculture), with a relatively large scale compared to the average household economy in the locality corresponding to each specific production sector.

Every year, the farm economy has created a considerable amount of goods, meeting the demand for agricultural products domestically and internationally. The total production value of the farm economy in 2006 reached 4,373,182 million VND, in 2007 it reached 5,142,862 million VND (accounting for 60.6%). However, the farm economy in the province is generally small in scale, scattered, and the production and business efficiency is not high.

- Private economic sector.

The private economic sector's participation in agricultural production is insignificant. In 2007, the production value of this economic sector reached 6,223 million VND (accounting for 0.07%). This is because the private economic sector operating in agriculture was only formed in 2005 on a small scale and has not really promoted its role and capacity in agricultural production, so the achieved efficiency is still very modest.

In general, agricultural production in Nghe An province has had the diverse participation of economic sectors, in which the individual economic sector, focusing on farm economy, has developed quite strongly, promoting the potential advantages of some regions in the country. The participation and development of

Economic components in agriculture have contributed greatly to the higher growth rate of agricultural production. However, in addition to the achieved results, agricultural production in Nghe An province in recent years still has many limitations and shortcomings, requiring more practical and effective solutions to accelerate the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas and develop sustainable and stable commodity production agriculture.

2.3.3 Achievements and shortcomings in the economic restructuring of the agricultural sector of Nghe An province

* Results achieved

- Through the policy of converting crop structure and building high-income fields, the awareness of officials and farmers in Nghe An province about arranging crop structure with high economic efficiency has been strongly and deeply changed. Gradually shifting from producing what we have to producing what the market needs and paying more attention to product quality and design.

In 2007, agricultural production in the province faced many difficulties, but the conversion of crop structure and the construction of high-income fields continued to be promoted in localities, the effectiveness of the conversion was confirmed on both sides: Increasing total social product and increasing income for farmers. There has been a strong change in the development of crops with high economic efficiency by using specialized vegetable formulas or using rotation formulas with at least one vegetable crop; especially the watermelon area has reached over 1000 hectares. Many localities (communes, cooperatives) have been proactive in finding markets and consuming products, creating stable output for products, so production efficiency is very high.

- The form of conversion is quite diverse, along with the guidance of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, farmers have created many technologies.

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