Chapter 3
REQUIREMENTS AND MEASURES TO IMPROVE LEARNING METHODS FOR STUDENTS AT MILITARY UNIVERSITIES ACCORDING TO IDEOLOGY
"SELF-STUDY IS THE CORE" OF HO CHI MINH
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The Content of Ho Chi Minh's Thought "Self-study is the Core"
3.1. Proposal and implementation of measures to foster learning methods for students at military universities according to Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core"
Fostering the training method according to Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for learners during the training process is to teach them how to approach knowledge, promote independence, creativity and the ability to apply and acquire knowledge; is an objective requirement, an important content contributing to improving the quality of education and training, the quality of military officers after graduation to ensure the good completion of assigned tasks and responsibilities.
To effectively foster teaching methods based on the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students at military universities, determining and implementing measures to foster teaching methods for students needs to thoroughly grasp the following requirements:
3.1.1. Synchronously combine the training of learning methods based on the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students with the innovation of teaching methods of lecturers.
This is the most important requirement because the quality and teaching method of the lecturer determines the learning method of the learner. According to Ho Chi Minh's ideology on learning method "Learning method: Self-study as the core. Discussion and guidance help" [48, p.273], the learning method of the learner must take their self-study activities as the main activity, but the teacher, as a "helper", must, through teaching activities and teaching methods, foster the learning method for the students. How the lecturer teaches, the students will learn. Fostering
Training methods based on the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students must be formed and developed through the teaching path of lecturers. The teaching methods of lecturers not only help students acquire knowledge in depth but also equip them with thinking methods and the ability to creatively apply theoretical knowledge to military practice. Resolution 86/NQDUQSTU of the Central Military Party Committee (now the Central Military Commission) on education and training in the new situation also determined: "... applying modern teaching methods, close to reality, promoting positivity, proactiveness, creativity and fostering thinking capacity, training practical activities for learners" [22, p.21]. For academies and military schools, innovating teaching methods of lecturers is one of the important solutions contributing to improving the quality of education and training. The Resolution also determined: “…connecting the relationship between teaching methods and learning methods, focusing on imparting experience, aiming to foster creative thinking methods and practical organization capacity” [22, p.40]. The important thing in the process of fostering teaching methods according to the ideology of “taking self-study as the core” for students is the teaching method of the lecturer. Lecturers need to apply teaching methods to promote positivity, self-awareness, creativity, and create for learners the ability to
3.1.2. Fostering learning methods based on the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students is carried out simultaneously with the process of acquiring knowledge and practicing learning skills of students.
This is a principle requirement guiding the training activities of PPHT according to the idea of "taking self-study as the core" for students because it comes from the relationship between knowledge and method. The appearance of new knowledge content creates the motivation to grasp and from there forms the ways of impact. Only through the process of cognition and grasping knowledge can there be ways of impact.
appropriate to the learning content. The teaching method based on the idea of "taking self-study as the core" can only be formed when the learner has basic knowledge about that teaching method.
During the training process at the military university, students are equipped with knowledge about teaching methods right from the beginning of the course through measures such as: talking about teaching methods, actively fostering teaching methods by the teaching staff and management staff. This initial basic knowledge will help students have the right shape and attitude to find a suitable, effective and practical teaching method. At the same time, in addition to general theoretical knowledge about teaching methods, when determining the training process, it is necessary to build specific operations according to the steps so that students have both theoretical knowledge and practical training methods according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core".
3.1.3. Fostering learning methods based on the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students must ensure practicality, meet training goals and practice learning habits of military officers.
This is a mandatory requirement arising from the goal of training future military officers of military academies and schools. All educational and training activities, party work, political work, and military administration of the school are aimed at the basic purpose of equipping students with a system of knowledge, skills, techniques, and experience in conducting party work and political work of future military officers. For the task of building the army in the current period of international integration, military officers must be the ones who grasp the ideology, orient the educational content, and fight on the ideological and theoretical front, so the requirements for knowledge acquisition are even higher. Military officers always have the habit of self-studying and self-researching to increasingly improve and enhance all aspects of their qualifications to meet practical situations in the unit. Therefore, fostering the training method according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students right from when they are studying at school will meet those requirements.
3.2. Measures to foster learning methods for students at military universities according to Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core"
3.2.1. Education and building motivation and learning attitude for students
This is an important and meaningful measure that creates the foundation and premise for the quality and effectiveness of training PPHT according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students at military universities. According to Ho Chi Minh, to have a good PPHT, one must have the right motivation and attitude towards learning. Therefore, students at military universities who want to have PPHT must first be educated, build the right motivation and attitude towards learning, associated with educating students to carry out the campaign of Studying and following the moral example of Ho Chi Minh.
The purpose of the measure is to make students at military universities imbued with Ho Chi Minh's ideology and spirit of self-study; grasp, understand and follow him to form their own motivation.
and the right learning attitude
, thinking methods to acquire knowledge, accumulate and perfect the personality of military officers to serve the Fatherland, serve the people, the army and complete assigned tasks.
The motivations that motivate students to study are often very diverse and complex in both content and direction. The structure of students' motivations includes: personal motivations (for military rank, position, promotion, family, etc.), career motivations, and social motivations. From the beginning, students cannot have career and social motivations right away; they study for personal motivations. The responsibility of leaders and commanders at all levels, especially the teaching staff, is to make the development direction of students' learning motivation go from low to high, from personal to career and socio-political. The work of educating students' motivations and learning goals must be determined by policies and measures in the leadership resolutions of Party committees at all levels and concretized through synchronous and effective organization and implementation.
Education to build motivation and learning attitude for students at military universities can be carried out in different contents and ways, in which it is necessary to focus on some of the following content requirements:
- For education managers:
Firstly, the team of educational managers at all levels should do a good job of thoroughly understanding the training goals and requirements and linking the achievement of those goals and requirements with the satisfaction of the needs of learners. During the training process at school, leaders and commanders at all levels should guide students to link responsibilities and benefits. Creating a connection between students' benefits and the need to achieve training goals and requirements will have the effect of motivating students to be more active in their learning and training activities. Students with high achievements in learning and training, and movement activities should be encouraged to be trained to join the Party, given priority in consideration for conferment, promotion, and assignment of work upon graduation. Fight against the ideology of studying to achieve the goal of joining the Party, promotion, and overcoming the disease of achievement during the learning process at school.
Second, educational managers at all levels in military universities have gradually met the needs and aspirations of students better and better. Students' motivation to learn is strengthened and developed by the teaching and learning activities in schools. If the teaching content is practical, the teaching methods are appropriate, and create attraction, students will be more enthusiastic and interested in the learning process. Therefore, in the process of training military cadres, military universities educate and motivate students to overcome all difficulties and grasp the needs and aspirations of students. Leaders and commanders of military universities issue leadership resolutions on innovation in leadership and direction in a timely and effective manner. When building programs, content, and training objectives, military universities must focus on the content that the military and units need in practice to promote students' motivation and attitude towards learning. It is necessary to pay attention to the needs of life (both material and spiritual).
(spiritually) through investing in facilities that meet the material and spiritual needs of students, the motivations to promote learning and training activities will develop more smoothly.
Third, to have the right motivation to study, the education management staff promotes exchange activities for students to do party work, political work to build the right motivation and attitude to study for students. This is a meaningful and practical work, both as a model for students to study in practice, to foster extracurricular skills in party work, political work, and at the same time to promote their spiritual motivation. Focus on the school's emulation movements, well implement the campaigns of the education sector, the campaign " Studying and following the moral example of Ho Chi Minh". Guide students to build and implement plans to strive, thereby affecting the system of motivation and goals of students to motivate them to strive to mature in all aspects. Academies and military schools promote the movement "Well implement the campaign "Say no to negativity in exams and achievement disease in education", not violating the regulations on education and training. Timely detect and resolutely eliminate students who do not meet the standards in terms of quality, capacity and health" [7, p.4].
- For the teaching staff:
The faculties and each subject group focus on transforming the entire awareness of the teaching staff about fostering teaching methods for students during their studies at the school. The teaching staff thoroughly understands the training requirements and educational regulations to orient students, clearly recognizing the role and responsibility of teachers in perfecting and developing the personality of political commissars. The faculties and subject groups direct all activities of the lecturers towards forming motivation for learners.
The teaching staff, through their lectures, integrate relevant educational content, making students deeply aware of the training objectives, requirements, and indicators.
goals to be achieved, criteria to strive for... On that basis, the teaching staff builds for students a clear and correct motivation and purpose for learning and training. From there, students can determine their responsibilities and enthusiasm in learning.
Strengthening innovation in teaching methods to create interest in learning, directing teaching activities towards fostering learning methods and motivation, attitude and purpose of students. In the teaching process, lecturers equip students with creative thinking ability, capacity and self-study skills, making students realize that self-study must be the main factor in the process of acquiring knowledge. The teaching staff actively practices pedagogical culture, truly being exemplary models of teachers' personality to directly impact students' motivation and attitude towards learning.
- For students:
Students actively self-understand the goals, requirements, build the right motivation and attitude towards learning. Always have a clear career orientation, overcome difficulties, and complete tasks during the learning process. Each student in the process of self-building motivation and learning goals must see the harmonious combination between personal interests and the common interests of the collective. Students must realize that they are learning for themselves, learning for their own advancement; from there, they will have a positive, self-conscious, correct and strong motivation to study to work better, study to serve and meet the requirements of building the army. They must see that to complete the learning task, they must have high learning results, and to do so, they must have appropriate learning methods. Learning results create conditions for them to perfect their personality and to become a military officer with qualities and abilities.
Students must always consciously and voluntarily convert the school's training goals and requirements into their own personal learning goals and needs. Only then can students develop their positivity and autonomy in learning and find good learning methods for themselves.
Students need to prepare well for studying, proactively plan their studies, and choose the time to study. Use a combination of learning methods to acquire knowledge and practice skills. Students need to practice perseverance, persistence, and not be afraid of difficulties or hardships; develop the habit of working with a plan and determination to implement the study plan, and strive to overcome all challenges in the learning process. Resolutely fight against the mentality of dependence, laziness, and desire for comfort of oneself.
3.2.2. Fostering the learning method of "taking self-study as the core" for students through teaching and learning organization forms
This is an important measure, which has a decisive meaning for the effectiveness and quality of training PPHT according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students at military universities. With the role of directing, orienting, and instructing learning methods, lecturers are the ones who direct and guide students on the direction and ways to find new information and knowledge, and train themselves with necessary skills and personality qualities. Through their teaching activities, lecturers train PPHT according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students. In order to perform well their guiding role with the nature of "assisting", promoting creativity, positivity, and initiative of students, the teaching staff must, through various forms of teaching organization, train PPHT according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students at military universities.
3.2.2.1. Fostering the learning method of "taking self-study as the core" through the form of lectures
Lectures of lecturers will be the direct basis for students to grasp knowledge, find sources of documents to improve the quality of self-study. Therefore, to foster "self-study as the core" learning method for students through lectures, military university lecturers need to pay attention to the requirements and procedures of the lectures, design the content to be taught to students to ensure the requirements of fostering learning method.