The Content of Ho Chi Minh's Thought "Self-study is the Core"

University: Logistics Academy, Military Medical Academy, Army Officer 1, Political Officer, Army Officer 2.

Discussion method: Develop questionnaire and organize discussion with 100 students at 3 schools: Logistics Academy, Political Officer, Army Officer 1.

Expert method: Ask for opinions from scientists inside and outside the Army on a number of issues related to the research content.

Experimental pedagogical method: Develop a plan and organize experiments at the Political Officer School and the Army Officer School 1.

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- Support method:

Use statistical methods to process survey data.

* Scientific hypothesis:

“Taking self-study as the core” is an important thesis in the entire educational ideology system of Ho Chi Minh, becoming the ideological foundation and guideline for educational and training activities of the country in general and education and training in the army in particular.

If we study in depth to clarify the essence of Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core"; at the same time, we know how to properly and creatively apply that ideology to fostering learning methods for students at military universities by the following measures: Educating and building motivation and learning attitudes for students; fostering learning methods according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" through teaching and learning organization forms; building a process to foster learning methods according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students; increasing group activities to foster and self-foster learning methods according to the ideology of "taking self-study as the core" for students, then the learning quality of students at military universities can be improved.

Chapter 1

THEORETICAL ISSUES ON TRAINING

LEARNING METHODS FOR STUDENTS AT MILITARY UNIVERSITIES ACCORDING TO HO CHI MINH'S IDEOLOGY OF "SELF-STUDY AS THE CORE"

1.1. The content of Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core"

1.1.1. Scientific basis of Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core"

Ho Chi Minh's ideology on education is both the result of the distillation of the quintessence of national and human culture and is also associated with the reality of life. Therefore, in Ho Chi Minh, educational theory and educational practice have an organic unity, inseparable from each other. Research on educational ideology in general and Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core" in particular all have their origins, conditions of formation and origin from theoretical and practical foundations. The ideology on learning methods: "Taking self-study as the core. Through discussion and guidance" [48, p.273] is not only valuable at that time, but also has great values in the current innovation of education and training.

Researching the origin of Ho Chi Minh's ideology, we see that Ho Chi Minh's educational ideology in general, and Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core" in particular, is the result of creative application of many factors. Marxism-Leninism is the basic methodological foundation for the formation of Ho Chi Minh's ideology. He thoroughly absorbed Marxism-Leninism in general, and Marxist-Leninist educational ideology in particular, according to the viewpoint of "learning the spirit of handling work".

Ho Chi Minh inherited the tradition of valuing military education and training in both peacetime and wartime from our ancestors according to the motto: "using the few to fight the many, using the small to defeat the big"; "using short weapons to control the battlefield". In which, the spirit of self-reliance was given top priority by him because he determined "using our own strength to liberate ourselves". A nation that wants to develop "must attach importance to

endogenous resources, must promote the spirit of self-reliance, self-strengthening, must stand up for oneself to liberate oneself" [102, p.149]. The tradition of studiousness, respect for teachers and esteem for education of the nation creates unique cultural values of the Vietnamese people. The ideas of our ancestors such as: "learn to eat, learn to speak, learn to wrap, learn to open", "travel a day, learn a basket of wisdom", "learning from teachers is not as good as learning from friends" have permeated deeply into every Vietnamese person. This is the methodological basis for Ho Chi Minh to recognize the role of self-study and he always guided the cadres to actively self-study to improve their qualifications and serve the revolution.

Ho Chi Minh absorbed the progressive values of Confucius' educational thought. He also inherited the progressive thoughts of Renaissance educators; the experiences in guerrilla warfare of France and China; the advanced educational and teaching thoughts of countries around the world, especially the (former) Soviet Union. Soviet pedagogues and educators pointed out the characteristics of the teaching and learning process, the factors, laws, and principles of the teaching and learning process; in which, the learner factor plays a central role in the process of knowledge acquisition. Self-study is both a method and an important form of teaching in the teaching and learning process. Educating students on the right learning motivation is a condition for them to be active and proactive in their learning; at the same time, fostering students' self-study skills is the responsibility of teachers and schools [111].

From the above theoretical origins, Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core" comes from the following scientific foundations:

The philosophical basis of Ho Chi Minh's thought on self-study is the philosophy of development and the role of the human subject in that development process. Dialectical materialism has affirmed that all things and phenomena are always in motion and constantly changing in the direction of development. The origin of development is the process of struggle between opposing sides, resolving internal contradictions, creating the internal driving force of things and phenomena. VI Lenin said:

“If you do not put in some effort yourself, you cannot find the truth in any important issue” [71, p. 153]. The philosophy of the development of the natural and social world has been applied by Ho Chi Minh to the process of education and human development. Ho Chi Minh affirmed that in the process of continuous social development, if each individual does not promote the role of the subject, does not strive to acquire knowledge by himself, but ignores opportunities, lacks initiative and positivity, then the development of that individual will not keep up with the development of society.

The psychological basis of Ho Chi Minh's self-study ideology is human cognitive activity. This is the activity of acquiring knowledge, experience, culture, society - history of mankind in a creative and research-like manner under the organization and control of the teacher to develop psychology and personality qualities. Human cognitive activity is both creative and regenerative, reflecting their personality traits. The process and results of this activity depend on the needs, motivations, personality, temperament, life experiences of each person, and on the level of development of the class and the teaching staff. Therefore, self-study is approached by Ho Chi Minh as a creative and independent cognitive activity.

The educational basis of self-study ideology is the formation and development of human personality. Educational science points out that the formation and development of human personality is influenced by many factors, including biological factors (genetics, individual activities) and social factors (environment, education). These factors do not affect humans in parallel, have equal value and are independent of each other. Among these factors, human activities are the factor that directly determines the development of personality. An individual is both a member of society, a subject and an object of social relationships. Individual activities are of special importance, activities are the basis, the factor that directly determines the development of personality.

Therefore, according to Ho Chi Minh, to access the knowledge of humanity, it is necessary to promote the active activities of people. Only through self-study can we affirm whether each person's activities are active or not in the process of acquiring knowledge and enriching each person's knowledge.

The practical basis of Ho Chi Minh's self-study ideology comes from Ho Chi Minh's rich revolutionary activities and self-study practices.

Ho Chi Minh's thought of "taking self-study as the core" is partly the result of his rich and vivid revolutionary practice. This is a continuous, persistent, and steadfast process, and also a process of diligent study and thinking, both theoretical study and practical work. From his practical revolutionary activities, he made the correct judgment: to ensure the victory of the revolutionary cause, a series of problems must be solved. Among them, education - training, enlightenment for revolutionary forces and training of revolutionary cadres are the most important basic issues. To fulfill the revolutionary task, revolutionary soldiers must know how to self-study and self-train to overcome difficulties and challenges "hardship leads to success".

With his persistent, serious and effective self-study experience, Ho Chi Minh thought about the issue of training and instructing the revolutionary cadres on how to study proactively and independently, as a basis for them to form their own learning methods suitable for each person. President Ho Chi Minh's life was the life of a positive, continuous, persistent person, and a typical example of self-study and self-education. He trained himself with extraordinary willpower, perseverance, progress, a purpose and motivation, a correct learning attitude and always self-study and self-training in any circumstances and difficulties of the revolution. He not only applied it to himself, but also oriented and instructed the revolutionary cadres.

network, encourage them to actively study, self-study, self-train seriously, persevere, be patient, and continuously strive to meet the requirements of the revolutionary cause.

Thus, through the process of revolutionary activities, the process of self-study, self-training as well as direct participation in the country's educational activities has created a solid practical foundation for Ho Chi Minh to affirm the idea of learning: "Taking self-study as the core. Through discussion and guidance help" [48, p.273]. This is one of the outstanding ideas, with practical value in training cadres to meet the needs of the resistance period at that time, demonstrating the spirit of self-reliance and self-strengthening of the army and having great significance in education and training in universities in general and military universities today.

The birth of Ho Chi Minh's ideology of "taking self-study as the core"

Ho Chi Minh's thesis of "taking self-study as the core" was raised by him in the work "Reforming the way of working", completed in October 1947, pen name XYZ, published by Truth Publishing House for the first time in 1948, the 7th edition in 1959, in the context of the revolutionary situation and the educational situation of our country having new developments.

In mid-1947, our people's long and arduous resistance war against French colonialism had just begun. Our Party had been the ruling party for more than two years, and the revolution was facing many difficulties and challenges. The revolutionary cadres had soon revealed shortcomings and errors in their working methods and manners through the practical struggle to protect the achievements of the revolution and the young government. If they were slow to overcome them, it would affect the prestige of the Party and the revolutionary cause. To focus on preparing for the Autumn-Winter campaign, determined to defeat the colonialists' strategy of "fighting fast, winning fast".

In order to point out mistakes, shortcomings, and deviations; to rectify ideological awareness, improve the political and theoretical level, moral qualities, and working capacity of cadres and party members, and meet the increasingly high requirements of the revolution, President Ho Chi Minh wrote the work "Reforming the way of working".

This is a very important work, addressing many major issues, both theoretical and principled, and having profound practical guidance on Party building on par with the requirements of the task. In the work, Ho Chi Minh affirmed that "Reforming the working style" of the Party is an objective requirement of the revolutionary cause; a regular, long-term, and urgent task of a genuine Party. According to him, reforming the working style is to enhance solidarity and unity within the Party, helping all organizations, cadres, and Party members to better fulfill their tasks. The content of the work deals with the fields of ideology, organization, methods, leadership methods, and mass work of the Party in the special conditions of the country both fighting against the war and building the nation.

The book's content includes 6 parts: Criticism and correction; Some experiences; Revolutionary character and ethics; Cadre issues; Leadership; Against bragging.

Part 1: Criticism and correction.

Ho Chi Minh pointed out: “Our cadres and party members, because they are busy with administrative or military work, neglect their studies . That is a very big shortcoming.” He pointed out the steps to organize studies; the Party's working style must be revised; and pointed out the shortcomings that cadres and party members have, which he called a dangerous disease.

Part 2: Some experiences.

Ho Chi Minh mentioned the role of cadres, the way to carry out cadre work and the issues that cadres and party members need to carry out. He required the cadres and party members to study experiences to the root; must

Raise initiative and enthusiasm; ask for whom to do it and be close to the masses, in harmony with the masses.

Part 3: Revolutionary ethics and character.

Ho Chi Minh pointed out the character of a truly revolutionary Party. He carefully analyzed the character of the Party through 12 articles. He also pointed out the duties of Party members and cadres; the character and duties of Party members.

Part 4: Staff issues.

Ho Chi Minh mentioned the following contents: Training cadres; teaching cadres and using cadres; selecting cadres; how to deal with cadres; several major points in cadre policy. He focused on the content of cadre training. Ho Chi Minh affirmed: "Cadres are the root of all work. Therefore, training cadres is the root work of the Party". He pointed out that the training content includes: professional training, political training, cultural training and theoretical training. In the theoretical training part, Ho Chi Minh pointed out the principles of learning and especially the way of learning . He affirmed: "Learning - The framework of learning, divided into political science, economic science, historical science, etc., and learned gradually . Learning follows the principle: experience and practice must go together"... " Learning method: Organize each high-level or intermediate-level committee. Take self-study as the core. Supported by discussion and direction" [48, p.273].

Part 5: How to lead.

Ho Chi Minh pointed out leadership methods such as: true leadership; selecting and replacing people; combining general policies with specific instructions; combining leaders with the masses.

Part 6: Fight against bragging.

Ho Chi Minh pointed out that bragging is when speaking or writing, using long words that are difficult to understand and difficult to hear. Therefore, he affirmed that we must fight bragging just as we must fight subjectivity and narrow-mindedness.

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