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Preserving and promoting festival heritage to develop tourism in Phu Tho today - 6


1996

34.9

31.5

33.6

100

1997

33.1

33.2

33.7

100

1998

31.6

35.0

33.4

100

1999

30.7

35.8

33.5

100

2000

29.8

36.5

33.7

100

2001

29.3

37.4

33.3

100

2002

29.1

38.1

32.8

100

2003

29.8

36.9

33.3

100

2004

28.9

37.4

33.7

100

2005

28.7

37.6

33.7

100

2006

28.0

37.6

33.4

100

2007

26.0

38.8

35.2

100

2008

25.9

38.8

35.2

100

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Preserving and promoting festival heritage to develop tourism in Phu Tho today - 6


Source: Phu Tho Provincial Statistical Yearbook.

* On the development of economic sectors and fields

- Current status of agricultural, forestry and fishery development: Phu Tho province has the advantage of being the triangular peak of the Red River Delta, where three rivers converge with fertile land, favorable weather and climate, the agricultural, forestry and fishery production industry actively applies scientific and technological advances, so it has had a relatively comprehensive and stable development with a fairly high growth rate, with a positive structural shift, in line with the method of commodity production linked to the market; at the same time, increasing the production value per unit area, forming concentrated raw material production areas, associated with processing such as planting raw material forests to supply Bai Bang Paper Company, combined with processing and consumption of products. Therefore, the value of agricultural, forestry and fishery production has continuously reached high levels. In 2004, GDP increased by nearly 24% compared to 2001, ranking 3rd in the northern midland region (after Bac Giang and Quang Ninh). Thanks to good intensive farming and selection of high-quality and high-yielding seedlings, Phu Tho's food output increased from 357,000 tons (in 2001) to over 422,000 tons (in 2004). From a food shortage, Phu Tho has now

fundamentally solve the problem of food security, gradually develop agricultural production towards commodities, improve the quality of agricultural products to ensure productivity along with high quality, ensure food hygiene and safety to contribute to tourism and service.

- On industrial and handicraft development:

Phu Tho is a province with relatively early industrial development. In 1959, Phu Tho industry began to develop and by 1962, Viet Tri was one of the first industrial zones in the northern provinces and the whole country, making great contributions to the construction of socialism in the North and the struggle for unification in the South. After the country was unified, due to the subsidized bureaucratic administrative management mechanism and the planned economy for too long, Phu Tho industry was in a state of stagnation and underdevelopment. After the 6th Party Congress (1986), Phu Tho industry began to recover in the period 1991 - 1997, with an average annual growth rate of about 11% per year, nearly equal to the industrial growth rate of the whole country. In the period 2000 - 2004, the growth rate of industry - handicraft industry increased to 14% per year, Phu Tho became a province in the Northeast region with the strongest industry, the industrial center of the region. The province's industry has accounted for a large proportion in the economic structure. In 1997, the proportion of industry - construction accounted for 33.2%, by 2007 the proportion of industry - construction accounted for 38.8% in the economic structure. Phu Tho's industries play an important role in the national economy, almost occupying a unique position, such as the fertilizer production industry of Lam Thao Superphosphate and Chemical Company, the paper production and processing industry of Bai Bang Paper Company, Viet Tri Paper Factory, the chemical production industry...

Looking at the industrial picture of Phu Tho province, we can easily see the leading role of the state-owned enterprise sector, especially the central enterprises located in the area, such as Bai Bang Paper Company, Lam Thao Superphosphate and Chemical Company... In 2004, the production value of this enterprise sector reached nearly 2,600 billion VND, accounting for over 50% of the total industrial production value of the whole industry. The local industrial system after equitization is also developing strongly, in 2004 the production value of this sector reached over 256 billion VND. Currently, Phu Tho province is investing in planning and building a system of industrial parks in Viet Tri City, Lam Thao District, Phu Ninh District,

Phu Tho town to attract investment for industrial development. Phu Tho province orients the development of 3 key industrial programs in the area: processing of agricultural, forestry and food products, the program of exploiting and recovering industrial waste on site and the program of producing export goods with the goal of attracting foreign investment and mobilizing capital from the people. Prioritizing investment in developing the fields of electronics, manufacturing of automobile and motorbike components, textile and garment production, construction materials production... Striving to basically become an industrial province by 2020.

- About transportation:

Phu Tho is a mountainous province but very convenient in terms of transportation due to 3 systems of roads, waterways, and railways creating a convenient transportation network that effectively serves the development of economy, services, tourism, etc.

The road system with 5 national highways and 31 provincial roads connecting Hanoi with the northern mountainous provinces, with the addition of the Hanoi - Kunming expressway and the Ho Chi Minh road along the right bank of the Red River, Phu Tho has become an economic center of the region.

Inland waterways with 3 routes of Red River, Lo River, Da River together with Viet Tri Port is one of the 3 largest ports in the North, railways connecting Hanoi, Hai Phong, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Kunming (China) create a fairly complete traffic network, helping economic exchange and tourism development. In recent years, Phu Tho province has paid attention to investing in building traffic infrastructure, up to now 100% of mountainous communes have car roads to the commune center.

In the field of transportation, from 2000 to present, the number of motor vehicles has increased rapidly. Due to the characteristics of the province as a connecting point between the Northern Delta and the key economic region in the North, transportation activities are very diverse in terms of methods. Particularly, passenger transport on the road routes Hanoi - Viet Tri, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Son La, Hoa Binh create conditions for tourists to visit Phu Tho and neighboring provinces to form inter-provincial routes and tours. In addition to intra-regional transportation, there is also transit and international transportation. The quality of transportation services, especially passenger transportation, has been significantly improved. Transportation activities with a fast and stable pace have met the transportation needs, serving the socio-economic development "A fairly good transportation system

The complete and convenient road, railway, and waterway system has created momentum for a developing transportation market. In addition to state-owned enterprises with many years of experience in the transportation sector, the presence of hundreds of private enterprises has helped users of transportation services in Phu Tho enjoy the most perfect and convenient services.”[15, p.105]

- Infrastructure system serving tourism and services: The comprehensive trade and service system has developed widely throughout the province, including especially disadvantaged communes with services to serve people's lives.

Regarding tourism infrastructure: The whole province has 76 accommodation establishments with 1,200 rooms, including 13 star-rated hotels (1 3-star hotel with 75 rooms, 9 2-star hotels with 386 rooms, 3 1-star hotels with 117 rooms); 4,915 restaurants serving tourism. The above tourism infrastructure system has quite fully met the needs of tourists at tourist destinations in the whole province. With an "open" service system, service restaurants are mainly private enterprises, individual business households account for more than 90%, so they are very dynamic. The above service system is contributing to serving tourism programs in the province.

* On cultural and social fields:

Cultural institutions of Phu Tho province are relatively complete and adequate compared to other provinces in the region, some fields are at the top of the northern provinces.

Regarding health care, Phu Tho province is divided into 3 levels: provincial level, district level and grassroots level. The provincial level has 6 hospitals, the district level has 12 district-level hospitals and the commune level has 274 commune-level health stations, 230 health stations have doctors, 61.4% of communes meet national standards on grassroots health care with a health system on primary health care for the people and target health programs have been well implemented. Phu Tho Provincial General Hospital with its system of facilities and a team of qualified doctors and nurses has become one of the most modern hospitals in the Northern region and is on the way to becoming a regional general hospital.

Regarding education and training, Phu Tho is a province with a fairly stable education and training career and a developed infrastructure system with investment and a reasonable school network. The whole province has 301 kindergartens/274 communes and towns, with 47,744 students, general education has 605 schools with 8,232 classrooms, of which 296 are primary schools and 261 are secondary schools.

schools, 53 high schools. The whole province has 7 colleges, universities, 7 professional high schools and vocational schools with multi-disciplinary and multi-field training scale, serving well for human resource training for the province. Phu Tho province completed universal primary education at the right age in 2002 and completed universal lower secondary education in 2003. Currently, Phu Tho province is the first unit in the country striving to achieve universal secondary education by 2015. Phu Tho is considered one of the leading mountainous provinces in education in the country.

Regarding culture: Phu Tho is a province with many historical and cultural relics, historical relics of resistance with historical architectural value, imbued with national cultural identity, the whole province has 1372 historical and cultural relics, 260 traditional festivals. In terms of cultural value, the system of historical relics, traditional festivals is a precious traditional cultural heritage not only of the homeland but also of the entire Vietnamese people. Phu Tho is a province with a wide cultural institution from the province to the grassroots, the system of libraries, cultural houses, museums are invested in solid construction and have high service value. Especially the institutions in villages, communes, residential areas are focused on complete construction. Up to now, the whole province has 2051/2854 residential areas with cultural houses built. According to Resolution No. 56/2003 of the Provincial People's Council, by 2010, the entire province will have 100% of residential areas with Cultural Houses, much higher than the national target (the national target is 60%).

The system of libraries and reading rooms has been invested in construction. The whole province has 277 libraries, reading rooms, and bookcases in residential areas, 286 libraries in schools that meet national standards, 251 communal cultural post offices, 275 law bookcases, 13/13 district libraries, 1 provincial general science library, including more than 4,000 documents, geographical records, and publications about the Hung King era serving the preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage values ​​of the Hung King era.

In general, the province's information culture, press, publishing, radio and television are important fields of Phu Tho province in which both tangible and intangible cultural values ​​play an important role in the socio-economic development strategy.

2.1.3. Cultural and historical traditions

Phu Tho is a province with a rich cultural and historical tradition, the cradle of Lac Viet culture, the first capital of the Vietnamese people, a system of tangible and intangible cultural heritage.

The dense intangible cultural heritage on Phu Tho land shows a land of culture. Cultural heritages show traces of ancient Vietnamese people who were present on Phu Tho land very early. With the terrain of "mountains facing, water gathering", the confluence of 3 rivers has created a fertile land with the Red River civilization, wet rice civilization from the dawn of history.

The system of tangible cultural heritage has spread throughout the villages and communes in the province and is concentrated in the Red River Delta, with 1,372 historical and cultural relics including 161 archaeological relics, 262 pagodas and the remaining architectural relics, of which 181 relics have been ranked at the provincial level and 70 relics have been ranked at the national level. Only counting the archaeological relics with a large and dense number, including important archaeological relics such as Lang Ca relic (Tho Son Ward - Viet Tri City), Xom Den relic (Gia Thanh commune - Phu Ninh district), Go Mun relic in Tu Xa commune, Son Vi relic - Son Vi commune, Phung Nguyen relic - Kinh Ke commune (Lam Thao district). From the artifacts and relics through the excavations at these important relics, there is a scientific basis to prove the real historical period of the ancient Vietnamese people and the Hung King period of nation building in the process of forming ethnic groups in the Southeast Asian region. Studying the history of the Hung Kings' era through written history and folk legends, we have enough confidence to prove the history of the Hung Kings' era. The national historical books from "Dai Viet Su Ky" by Le Van Huu (13th century) to "Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu" (17th century) and "Viet Su Thong Giam Cuong Muc" (19th century), the system of "Ngoc Pha Hung Vuong", "Viet Dien U Linh" and hundreds of legends and traditional festivals that are still preserved and kept to this day are a precious cultural treasure of the nation. When we come to the dense archaeological relics preserved underground in the land of the Ancestors, the artifacts found were verified by scientific research agencies through modern machinery systems of Germany, the US, and Australia, and came to the conclusion that the early iron age with the Go Mun culture was 2000 - 3000 years ago. The historical relics left by the ancients preserved underground were proven by archaeologists from the late Neolithic period, early metal age to Dong Son culture "Displaying an ancient Vietnamese civilization of the Hung Kings, placed next to the Mesopotamian civilization of ancient Egypt, the Ganges civilization of ancient India, and the Yellow River civilization of China" [80, p.23].

Professor Ha Van Tan summarized the system of relics and artifacts as "Red River Civilization" consisting of 4 successive cultures that took place about 2000 years BC, namely Phung Nguyen culture, Dong Dau culture, Go Mun culture, Dong Son culture. From the historical evidence discovered in the relics, it can be affirmed that "the people who developed during the Hung King era in Phu Tho bore the mark of the Phung Nguyen - Dong Son lineage in the Red River basin and the residents of the Hung King era in Phu Tho lived stably and permanently in certain areas with open relations with the surrounding areas, especially the edge of the northern delta, which was the foundation for the formation of the Van Lang nation during the Hung Kings' time" [80, p.41].

The cultural and historical traditions of Phu Tho are extremely rich. If we study the connection between tangible and intangible cultural heritages, we will see that the Phu Tho cultural heritage system contains the unique imprint of the ancient Vietnamese civilization, containing the brilliant period of the Red River civilization, bearing the imprint of national cultural identity. The most basic characteristic of intangible cultural heritage is associated with the worship of the Hung Kings and generals during the Hung King period of nation building. Besides, there are also beliefs, folk performances, legends, poetry... associated with the labor production process of the working people.

Traditional festivals are almost densely distributed in villages and communes in the province. The whole province has 274 communes and towns, of which there are 260 traditional festivals and they are mainly distributed in communes along the Red River and the area around Hung Temple. These festivals are often closely associated with the system of relics and beliefs in worshiping Hung Kings. Among them, some typical festivals have great historical and cultural values ​​that have a profound influence on the community not only in the region but also the whole nation such as Hung Temple festival, Au Co Temple festival, other typical and unique festivals such as the Princess Procession festival, Tro Tram festival, Bach Hac rowing festival, Kim Duc - An Thai Xoan singing festival...

Besides traditional festivals, there is also a rich and diverse folk art. Some unique folk art forms are being profiled to request UNESCO to recognize them as intangible cultural heritages in need of urgent protection, such as Xoan singing in Phu Tho and Trong Quan singing. The types of folk art activities that are passed down among the people are indispensable spiritual and cultural activities in people's lives, preserved and promoted by the people, such as Gheo singing (Nam Cuong - Tam Nong district), Ca Tru singing (Binh Bo - Phu Ninh), Xuong singing, Rang singing, and Vi singing of the ethnic groups.

Muong (Thanh Son district), Lullaby (Dao ethnic group), Sinh Ca, Veo Ca (Cao Lan ethnic group), Sinh Tien Dance, Xuan Nguu Dance, Moi Dance, Dam Duong, Chuong Dance, Turtle Dance (Dao ethnic group)...

The legends of the Hung Kings and the Trung Sisters in the spiritual life of the Phu Tho people are preserved in the memory and consciousness of the people quite strongly. Besides, on the land of Phu Tho, there are also some unique folk art forms such as Van Lang jokes and But Tre poems, which have become a folk cultural phenomenon, a spiritual and cultural activity of the working people after hard working hours.

With the traditional festival system and the dense folk art forms as above, the people of Phu Tho have a very rich spiritual and cultural life, a treasure trove of traditional culture containing extremely valuable cultural values, artistic values ​​and other value systems. From there, a valuable lifestyle and customs were formed. That is the community spirit, the spirit of solidarity, the tradition of drinking water and remembering its source. The traditional festivals, the dense system of historical and cultural relics with the worship of the Hung Kings and generals have always reminded the people of Phu Tho to preserve the traditions of their ancestors, the traditions and merits of building and defending the country of the Hung Kings and previous generations.

That tradition has fostered the spirit of solidarity, patriotism and national self-reliance of the people of Phu Tho. The historical and cultural relics, the historical revolutionary relics in Phu Tho province have demonstrated the patriotism and indomitable will of the people of Phu Tho spanning the historical process from the time of the Hung Kings founding the country, the period of Chinese domination, the period of independence and autonomy to the period of resistance against the French and the Americans. Phu Tho province is a revolutionary base, the cradle of resistance literature and art. Only the historical revolutionary relics associated with revolutionary festivals in Phu Tho have accounted for 32 ranked festival relics; of which 13 historical relics have been ranked nationally, such as the historical relic and festival of Tien Dong in Tien Luong commune - Cam Khe (a typical base commemorating the Can Vuong movement against French colonialism); the historical relic is the revolutionary festival of Van Thang war zone in the anti-Japanese movement contributing to the August 1945 revolution; The historical relic and the 1947 Lo River victory festival in the 1947 Autumn-Winter campaign have profound historical and scientific significance in the history of the victory against the French, breaking the French attack on the Viet Bac resistance base. In addition, there are a series of other historical and revolutionary festival relics such as the historical relic of the festival

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