Integrating ICT in teaching and education, (10) Presenting related issues in teaching education, school field (11) Coordinating and cooperating with educational forces to complete the educational goals of the school, (12) Cooperating with colleagues in developing and evaluating the competencies specified in the program and paying attention to the needs of students. According to the authors, 12 basic competencies must be present in any teacher training program, with different levels of requirements, depending on whether it is an initial training program, internship or continuous professional development [19].
1.1.2. Studies in Vietnam
Research on physical education
The doctoral thesis of author Trinh Ngoc Trung on Researching the content of Physical Education for students of Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism focused on researching the needs, attitudes, motivations and factors affecting the effectiveness of Physical Education work of students of Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism, from which the author conducted experiments and evaluated the effectiveness of the selected Physical Education content [21]. However, the author has not yet proposed the forms and methods of Physical Education for students to effectively implement the selected Physical Education content.
Dang Ngoc Quang in the article Research on some elective sports in the physical education program for students of My Duc A high school, Hanoi city evaluated the results of students' choice of elective sports and came to the conclusion that the subjects that most students like to practice and choose to participate in are Basketball, Volleyball and Soccer; Table Tennis, Badminton and Handball are less popular and interested. In this article, the author evaluates through teaching practice that physical education has not achieved good results due to reasons such as: organizing regular school hours according to the program is still inadequate; the number of students in a class is still large; extracurricular activities are not regular, the number of students participating is small...; especially elective sports have not been interested.
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Organizing physical education teaching activities at People's Security College I in the current reform period - 14 -
Managing the “Process” of Physical Education Activities (Process) -
Managing physical education activities for students at universities in Hanoi city according to quality assurance approach - 23 -
Goals of Managing Physical Education Activities for Students -
Theory of Movement Games of 5-6 Year Old Preschool Children in Physical Education Activities
The content and form of activities are not suitable for students' interests and school conditions [17]. However, the author has not yet mentioned the forms and methods of physical education for students.
Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao in the article Some measures to improve the quality of teaching physical education subjects at the Trade Union University , from the results of the current survey, the author determined that the level of student satisfaction with the school's physical education program in the past time was not really high, there are still students who are not satisfied, so it is necessary to study and improve the program to suit the needs and interests of students. Students are not really active in physical training, the results show that there is still a large number of students who only exercise occasionally, accounting for 47.5% and 18% of students do not exercise on their own, although the credit-based learning system requires a high level of self-study ability from students. The author proposes measures such as: Carrying out propaganda and education about the role and significance of Physical Education; Improving the content of the training program to suit the reality of the school; Increasing physical activities outside of school hours; Invest in equipment, addition, upgrade, and renovation of facilities, grounds, and tools [18].
Vu Minh Cuong in the article Some professional measures to improve the quality of physical education for junior high school students from the results of applying selected professional measures in junior high schools came to the conclusion after 12 months of experimenting with professional measures to improve the quality of physical education in 3 grades (6, 7, 8) in some junior high schools in Hanoi, the results showed that: the school's physical education work has had a very positive change in quality and students' awareness of sports activities has increased. The results of the student physical fitness test confirmed the effectiveness of the measures in the school's physical education activities. The results of physical training of students compared to the physical training standards of the Ministry of Education and Training were achieved in all indicators, the rate of 86.7% of students with good physical fitness level accounted for the majority [6]. However, the author
Not yet mentioned the innovation of methods and forms of physical education for students to effectively implement the selected content of Physical Education.
Research on physical education management according to competency approach
Vo Ngoc Giao (2006) in the work Management measures to improve the quality of teaching physical education at universities of social sciences and humanities proposed management measures such as: Building a new physical education program according to students' self-selection; Strengthening the management of teaching activities; Innovating teaching methods and improving facilities and teaching equipment for physical education [7].
Nguyen Van Binh (2017) in the work Managing physical education activities for students according to the capacity development orientation in high schools in Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province proposed measures such as: Raising awareness for teachers and managers about organizing physical education activities for students according to the capacity approach; Training the team of physical education teachers on skills to organize extracurricular activities, skills to organize physical education hours according to the capacity development orientation for students; Innovating professional group/team activities on building and organizing physical education teaching plans according to the capacity development orientation for students; Innovating forms of physical education according to the capacity development orientation for high school students; Innovating testing and evaluating physical education results for students according to the capacity development orientation; Perfecting conditions for serving physical education activities according to the capacity development orientation for high school students [3].
Nguyen Duc Hau (2018) in the work Managing physical education activities for students according to the competency approach in high schools in Phu Tho province proposed the following measures: Raising awareness for teachers and managers about organizing physical education activities for students according to the competency approach; Training physical education teachers on skills to organize activities
extracurricular activities, skills in organizing physical education hours according to students' competency approach; Innovation in professional group/team activities in building and organizing physical education teaching plans according to competency approach for students; Innovation in testing and evaluating physical education results for students according to competency approach in high schools; Perfecting conditions for organizing physical education activities according to competency approach for students [10].
1.2. Some basic concepts of the topic
1.2.1. Management, Educational Management
- Manage:
According to authors Nguyen Quoc Chi and Nguyen Thi My Loc:
“Management is the process of achieving organizational goals by applying the activities (functions) of planning, organizing, directing (leading) and controlling” [13] or “Management is the process of intentional impact of the management subject on the management object to achieve the organization's goals” [13].
From the above viewpoints, in our opinion: Management is the organized, targeted impact of the management subject on the management object to achieve the set goals.
From the above concepts, in our opinion, management is a process of intentional impact of the management subject on the management object through performing management functions to help the organization achieve the set goals .
- Education management:
According to Dang Quoc Bao: "Educational management in general is to implement the Party's educational policy within the scope of one's responsibility, that is, to operate the school towards training goals according to educational principles" [2].
Pham Minh Hac believes that "Educational management is the management of teaching and learning activities to bring the school from one state to another and gradually achieve the determined educational goals" [8].
With the above consensus, it can be understood that: Educational management is the process of oriented impact of educational managers in applying the most general principles and methods of management science to the field of education to achieve the goals set by education.
1.2.2. Capacity
Dubois (2004) and the authors acknowledge that “Competencies are characteristics that individuals possess and use in appropriate and consistent contexts to achieve desired outcomes” [cited in (9)]. These characteristics include knowledge, skills, motivations, traits, ways of thinking, feeling, and acting. Competencies are also seen as related to attitudes, motivations, and abilities that help individuals develop knowledge about how to operate and skills in a certain field of activity independently, so that they can achieve high levels of achievement.
According to Dang Thanh Hung: "Capacity is a personal attribute that allows an individual to successfully perform certain activities, achieving desired results under specific conditions. "A combination of physical and mental actions corresponding to a certain type of activity based on personal attributes (biological, psychological and social values) is performed voluntarily and leads to results appropriate to the actual level of the activity" [12]...
In our opinion, competence is the integration of knowledge, skills, attitudes and personal experience when responsibly and effectively performing actions, solving tasks and problems in different situations in professional, social or personal fields.
1.2.3. Physical education, physical education activities
- Physical education:
According to AD Novicov, LP Matveep - Physical is the quality of the human body. It is the morphological and functional characteristics of the body that change and develop in each stage and successive periods according to the laws of biology.
physical. Physical is formed and developed due to genetics and the influence of living conditions" [cited in (14)].
According to the viewpoint of AMMacximenko; BC Kyznhetsov and Sokholov, "Physical education is a type of education whose specialized content is teaching movements, educating physical qualities, acquiring specialized knowledge about physical education and sports, and forming the need for self-disciplined practice in people" [cited in (14)].
According to Stephen J. Virgilio (1997), “Physical education, like other forms of education, is essentially a pedagogical process with all its basic characteristics. The main difference between physical education and other forms of education is that the process is aimed at forming skills, motor skills, developing physical qualities, perfecting the form and function of the body, thereby equipping knowledge and the relationship between them. Thus, physical education is a relatively independent form of the comprehensive educational process, having an objective relationship with other forms of education such as ethics, aesthetics, intelligence and labor” [cited in (14)].
From the above viewpoints, in our opinion: Vocational education for students according to the competency approach is an approach based on standards for output products,... but that product is not only knowledge and skills but mainly the ability to apply knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to perform learning tasks to reach a certain standard. Vocational education for students according to the competency approach in this understanding requires meeting two main conditions: there must be an output product and that product must reach a certain standard as required.
- Physical education activities:
Physical education activities are educational activities whose specific content is teaching movement and intentionally developing human movement qualities. Thus, physical education activities in secondary schools play a very important role in the formation and development of: Morality - Intelligence - Body - Aesthetics for students. It contributes to helping students develop in a balanced and comprehensive way.
According to the Russian-Vietnamese sports dictionary edited by Nguyen Van Hieu (1979), "Physical education activities are understood as a type of education whose main task is to develop physical strength and enhance physical fitness, through participating in sports to carry out" [11].
According to the two authors Nguyen Toan and Pham Danh Ton, the first basic and specific characteristic of physical education is teaching movement and the second characteristic is the intentional impact on the development in the direction of physical qualities to improve human mobility. From there, the two authors gave the definition: "Physical education activities are a type of education whose specialized content is teaching movement (movement) and intentionally developing human motor qualities" [20].
From the above approaches, in our opinion: Physical education activities are a purposefully organized, planned process with a specialized function to develop motor skills , motor qualities and physical development for learners.
1.2.4. Physical education activities according to the competency approach
Physical education activities based on the competency approach not only equip students with knowledge and skills in health care but also help students apply knowledge and motor skills, help students form the habit of exercising and sports, the ability to choose suitable sports to practice to improve health, develop physical strength and motor skills; on that basis, help students have awareness and responsibility for the health of themselves, their families and the community, adapt to living conditions, live happily and get along with everyone.
Physical education activities based on the competency approach meet all requirements regarding: Objectives, content, teaching methods and assessment; compiled according to the new common model for subject programs. Physical education activities help students develop specific competencies such as: Health care; movement;
basic movements; physical education activities. In addition, physical education activities based on the competency approach also contribute to educating students to develop autonomy and self-study skills, communication and cooperation skills, problem-solving and creativity skills, aesthetic skills, etc.
1.2.5. Managing physical education activities according to the competency approach for secondary school students
With the research approach of the thesis topic, we choose the following concept as a tool concept: "Managing the learning activities for students according to the competency approach is the continuous, purposeful and planned impact of the manager (management subject) on the management object (program, teaching plan, teaching process of teachers, students, teaching facilities) to develop students' capacity to meet the educational goals of the school, the goals of the level and grade.
1.3. Physical education based on competency approach for secondary school students
1.3.1. Objectives of physical education activities according to the competency approach
The process of designing a physical education lesson plan in schools can be based on the current level and ability of students, the needs, interests and interests of learners to design flexible and rich lesson content on the basis of ensuring the objectives of the subject program. The above lesson organization process will help students feel active, play or participate in any form of activity without feeling forced, through which the tasks and objectives of the subject are realized.
According to the general physical education program (Issued with Circular No. 32/2018/TT-BGDDT dated December 26, 2018 of the Minister of Education and Training):
“ The goal of Physical Education at the secondary level is to help students continue to consolidate and develop basic health care, personal hygiene and movement skills, exercise habits and sports skills; a healthy and harmonious lifestyle.