- How to use:
Put 2 - 3 drops of 0.25% solution into the eyes.
2.3. Novocaine
Poison B, other name Procaine, hydrocolloid
- Properties:
It is a synthetic anesthetic, colorless, odorless, slightly bitter crystal, and turns yellow in air.
- Effect:
Causes short, weak pain, no surface anesthetic effect, less effective than lidocaine, if adrenaline is added the effect will last longer.
- Uses - how to use - dosage:
+ Local anesthesia, regional anesthesia: nerve plexus, spinal cord, nerve trunk Use 15 ml of 1-2% solution
+ Blockage, infiltration anesthesia: inject anesthetic solution under the skin 0.75% -15ml/24h.
+ Spinal injection: relieves asthma attacks.
+ Treat blood pressure - gastric ulcer.
2.4. Lidocaine hydrochloride
- Drug form
Syringe of 0.5% - 1% and 2% solution.
- Effect
Synthetic anesthetics: have a faster, stronger and broader effect than procaine used at the same concentration.
- Uses:
+ Infiltration anesthesia (injection under the skin or around the nerve).
+ Conduction anesthesia.
+ Extradural or intraspinal anesthesia.
+ Surface anesthesia.
- How to use - dosage:
+ Infiltration anesthesia: 0.25 - 0.5%: 2-5- ml of 0.5% solution or higher.
+ Conduction anesthesia: 1 - 2%: 10-50 ml.
+ Epidural anesthesia: 0.5%: 20 -30 ml.
+ Epidural anesthesia: 2 -5%: 0.5 -2.5 ml.
+ Surface anesthesia: 1 -2%: <3 mg/kg body weight/24 hours.
Self assessment
* Answer questions 1 to 8 briefly by filling in the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase.
1. Name 2 commonly used anesthetics learned: A ......................................................
B ..............................................................
2. Name 3 commonly used anesthetics you have learned: A ......................................................
B ..............................................................
C...................................................................
3. Fill in the name of the surface anesthetic in (A) and the deep regional anesthetic in (B). A ..........................................................
B ................................................................
4. Anesthetics act on ........................ (A) to make the patient lose ................... (B) at a shallow or deep level depending on the dose.
A...................................................
B...................................................
5. The anesthetic only works on ........................(A) a certain area of the body to cool.....................(B) that area, while the patient remains ..........(C).
A .........................................................
B .........................................................
C ................................................................
6. The indication of ether is: A ..........................................
B. Antispasmodic
C ..............................................
D. Stimulate circulation
7. Four commonly used anesthetic forms of Lidocaine.
A. Infiltration anesthesia B..........................................
C. Extradural or intrathecal anesthesia. D ........................................
8. Procaine is an anesthetic that has the effect of .......... (A), if combined with ......... (B) the effect lasts longer.
A...................................
B............................................
* Choose true or false for questions 9 to 16 by marking column A for true and column B for false:
TT
Question | A | B | |
9 | Use ether to anesthetize adults, each time using from 60 to 120ml. |
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Pharmacology Part 1 - 7 -
Veterinary Pharmacology - Northeast College of Agriculture and Forestry - 9 -
Pharmacology - Tay Sai Gon College - 1 -
Veterinary Pharmacology - Northeast College of Agriculture and Forestry - 1 -
Pharmacology - Tay Sai Gon College - 2
Sodium Pentotal is an inhalation anesthetic. | |||
11 | Ether is an intravenous anesthetic. | ||
12 | Novocaine and Lidocaine are both toxic drugs. | ||
13 | Novocaine intramuscular injection 1g/time, 2g/24 hours | ||
14 | Anesthetics have irreversible effects. | ||
15 | Ether anesthetic is non-toxic and has fewer complications than other anesthetics. | ||
16 | Lidocaine has a faster, stronger, and wider numbing effect than Novocaine. |
10
* Choose the 1 best answer for questions 17 to 19 by circling the first letter of the chosen answer.
17. Choose the most correct option:
A. Lidocaine 0.5% for surgical infiltration anesthesia, use 50 ml
B. Lidocaine 1% conduction anesthesia can be used up to 50 ml
C. Lidocaine 0.5% epidural anesthesia, use 20-30 ml
D. Lidocaine 5% spinal anesthesia uses 0.5 ml
E. Lidocaine 1-2% surface anesthesia average use 3 mg/kg
18. Thiopentane is an anesthetic.
A. Non-toxic
B. Unique finished product A
C. Reduced toxicity finished product A
D. Unique finished product B
E. Reduced toxicity finished product B
19. Ether is a drug:
A. No expiration date
B. Expiry date 2 years
C. Expiry date 3 months
D. Expiry date 6 months
E. Expiry date 3 years
* Traditional question:
1. Describe the uses, dosage, and contraindications of Novocaine.
2. Describe the uses, dosage, and contraindications of Ethyl Ether
HORMONES AND SIMILAR DRUGS
Learning Objectives
1 - Describe the characteristics of hormones.
2 - Describe the uses, instructions for use, and dosage (general characteristics of anti-inflammatory hormones).
3 - Instructions are provided to the community on the safe and effective use of anti-inflammatory and sex hormone drugs.
I. CONCEPT
Hormones are substances produced by endocrine glands (thyroid, pituitary, pancreas, adrenal...) and secreted directly into the blood and lymphatic vessels. They have the effect of stimulating and regulating the physiological activities of many organs or parts of the body.
II. CHARACTERISTICS OF HORMONES
Is an organic compound with high biological activity (effective in small doses: milligrams).
- Have mutual effects (affect each other).
- After action, it is often rapidly decomposed.
- Hormones are all group B poisons.
III. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY HORMONES
Corticoid structure is a hormone of the adrenal gland.
1. Effect
- Reduces swelling, inflammation, and pain (used in arthritis, bone pain, acute rheumatic pain, and progressive chronic rheumatic pain).
- Anti-allergic effects: prevent and treat bronchial asthma attacks, respiratory allergies, skin, eyes, ears, nose, throat.
- Used to treat fatty nephrosis and some diseases of the hematopoietic organs.
2. Side effects
- Stimulates the secretion of more acid in gastric juice, thereby causing stomach ulcers and perforation of old ulcers.
- Increases blood sugar.
- Increases fat metabolism and disrupts fat distribution in subcutaneous tissue.
- Accumulation of salt and water.
- Damages bones, porous bones, brittle bones that break easily.
- Reduces the body's resistance.
3. Contraindications
- Gastric and duodenal ulcers.
- Diabetes.
- High blood pressure, myasthenia gravis, severe heart failure.
- Pregnant women.
4. Typical drugs
- Hydrocorctison: 10 tablets, 125 mg bottle.
- Prednisolone: 5mg tablets - 125 mg bottle
- Prednisolone F: 0.5 mg tablets
5. How to use - dosage
- Oral: in case of bone and joint pain, rheumatism, kidney failure, respiratory tract infection. Dosage: first 3 days 4 tablets/24 hours divided into 2 times.
Maintenance dose: 2 tablets/24 hours/ taken after meals.
-Injection: intramuscular injection (intravenous: emergency treatment for drug allergies using clear solution).
+ Injection at the site of swelling and pain, in case of arthritis (suspension form)
- External use:
+ Rub
+ Small: eyes, nose, ears.
+ Place: suppository form
IV. SEX HORMONES
1. Testosterone (Group B Poison)
- Properties:
Is a male sex hormone, white or slightly yellow crystalline powder, odorless, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol.
-Effect:
Develops on male reproductive organs, participates in protein metabolism, helps bone development.
- Side effects:
Long-term use of high doses will inhibit testicular function in men, increase salt and water retention causing edema, and cause masculinization in women, so careful monitoring is required when using.
- Indications:
Male sexual retardation and hypogonadism such as cryptorchidism, infertility, menstrual disorders, breast cancer, osteoporosis, and slow-healing fractures.
- Contraindications:
Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, prostate cancer.
- How to use - dosage:
+ Infertile men, testicular failure: Average 10-50mg/time, inject 3 times a week.
+ Female infertility due to increased folliculin secretion: Average 10mg/time, inject 6-8 times/month.
+ Dysmenorrhea: place 30mg/24 hours under the tongue on the 7th - 12th day of the menstrual cycle.
2. Progesterone (Group B poison)