- Ingredients: Co-trimoxazole is a mixture of sulfamethoxazole (SM7) and trimethoprim (TM) in a ratio of 5/1.
- Effect: Antibacterial synergy due to inhibition of some stages in the process of folic acid synthesis of bacterial cells, so it is effective against most bacteria (except tuberculosis bacilli) and meningococci, gonococci, and anaerobic bacteria.
- Indications: Acute and chronic infections of the respiratory tract, ear - nose - throat, teeth - jaw - face, intestines, urinary tract, genitals, skin diseases.
- Contraindications: People who are sensitive to the drug, people at risk of hemolysis, newborns, premature babies, women in the last 3 months of pregnancy, women who are breastfeeding.
- How to use, dosage: Adults:
+ Oral: tablets contain 800mg SMZ and 160 TM, take 1 tablet/time; 2 times/day, treatment period is 5 days, people with kidney failure must reduce the dose.
+ Intramuscular injection: 800 mg SMZ injection and 160 IV/3ml; 1 injection each time, 2 times a day.
+ Intravenous infusion: injection contains 400 mg SMZ and 80 IV/5ml; infuse 2 tubes at a time, infuse twice a day.
Children:
+ Oral: tablets contain 100 mg SMZ and 20 TM, take 1 tablet/time; 2 times/day, 5-day treatment course.
+ Intramuscular injection: Children from 6 to 12 years old are injected with a tube containing 400 mg SMZ and 80 TM/5ml: 1 tube each time, 2 times a day.
Children 13 years of age and older: inject 800 mg SMZ and 160 TM/5ml; inject 1 ampoule each time, twice daily.
+ Intravenous infusion: Children 13 years of age and older use an injection containing 400mg SMZ and 80 IV/5ml; infuse 1 - 2 tubes each time, twice a day.
VI. MEASURES TO LIMIT THE INCREASING DRUG RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA
- Only use antibiotics to treat infection.
- Consider carefully when using prophylactic treatment or combination antibiotics.
- Choose antibiotics according to the results of those antibiotics, especially prioritize antibiotics with a narrow antibacterial spectrum.
- Choose the antibiotic that diffuses best into the infection site.
- Appropriate combination of antibiotics, especially in diseases requiring long-term treatment.
- Continuous monitoring of bacterial resistance.
- Enhance disinfection and sterilization measures.
VII. NOTES
All antibiotics are administered according to prescription regulations and prescription drugs (issued under Decision No. 1847/2003/QD - BYT dated May 28, 2003).
Self assessment
* Answer questions 1 to 18 briefly by filling in the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase.
1. List all 5 types of Penicillin and its derivatives:
A. Penicillin G
B. …………….
C. …………….
D. Ampicillin
E. …………….
2. Name 3 commonly used forms of Ampicillin. A. …………….
B. …………….
C. …………….
3. Name 2 types of antifungal antibiotics in the lesson: A. …………….
B. …………….
4. List 5 anti-infective indications of Cefalexin: A. ……………….
B. ……………….
C. Soft tissue
D. Skin
E. ……………….
5. List the 3 main contraindications of Gentamycin: A. ……………….
B. ……………….. C. ………………..
6. Gentamycin is used in cases of bacterial infections: A. ……………….
B. ………………. C. ……………….
D. Bones
E. Soft tissue
7. Fill in the 5 main indications of Clorocid for infectious diseases
A. Typhoid
B. ……………...
C. ……………...
D. ……………...
E. Ear, eye, whooping cough
8. Rifampicin is used in the following cases: A. ………………...
B. Pericarditis with mucus C. …………………...
D. Burn ulcers
E. ………………….
9. Fill in 3 contraindications of Tetracycline: A. ……………….
B. ………………. C. ……………….
10. Nystatin has antifungal effects in the following diseases:
A. Gastrointestinal fungi B. ………………………..
C. Esophageal, oral, and tongue fungus
11. Griseofulvin has antifungal effects in the following cases: A. …………………………
B. Interstitial fungus
12. The most dangerous side effect of Clorocid is ....................(A) if the dose ………………..(B) is used for too long.
A. …………………….. B. ……………………..
13. Side effects of Tetracycline are causing (A)..................., nausea, diarrhea, (B)...................teeth in children under 7 years old.
A. ……………….
B. ………………....
14. The dosage of Amoxicillin is ……………..(A) compared to Ampicillin because absorption is…………….....(B) and excretion is less.
A. ………………. B. ……………….
15.When using sulfonamide, you must drink ………....(A) water, preferably water mixed with..............(B).
A. …………..
B. …………..
16. Before sprinkling sulfonamide on the wound, you must …………...(A) and not use the drug…………...(B)
A. …………….
B. …………….
17. When using sulfonamide, do not combine with ……………..(A) A. ……………………..
18. State all the indications of Cotrimazon
A. Acute and chronic respiratory tract infections: ENT B. ……………………
C. …………………...
D. Genital tract infection E. …………………...
* Choose true or false for questions 19 to 34 by marking column A for true and column B for false:
TT
Question | D | S |
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When you are sure of an infection, antibiotics should be used early. | |||
20 | Use antibiotics at first in low doses and then gradually increase. | ||
21 | When using antibiotics, pay attention to the expiration date. | ||
22 | It is not necessary to test for reaction before injecting Penicillin derivatives. | ||
23 | Antibiotics must be used in sufficient doses, continuously, without interruption. | ||
24 | Penicillin G can be taken orally when penicillin V is not available. | ||
25 | Nistatin has only topical antifungal effects. | ||
26 | Tetracycline has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. | ||
27 | The antibacterial effect of sulfamides is related to the structure of the sulfamides. | ||
28 | Ganidan 0.5g tablets treat amoebic dysentery | ||
29 | Biseptol tablets are non-toxic and have no contraindications. | ||
30 | Ganidan has the effect of fighting systemic infections. | ||
31 | Oral nistatin has antifungal effects on the tongue and mouth. | ||
32 | Doxycycline has the same effect as tetracycline. | ||
33 | Dosage of erythromycin for adults is from 1g to 2g/1 day |
19
Patients with contraindications to Ampicillin can use Cefalexin. |
34
*Choose the 1 best answer for questions 35 to 44 by circling the first letter of the chosen answer.
35. Choose a specific medicine for typhoid fever from the following 5 medicines:
A. Ampicillin
B. Erythromycin
C. Chloramphenicol
D. Doxycycline
E. Gentamicin
36. Choose an antifungal antibiotic from the following five drugs:
A. Penicillin G
B. Tetracycline
C. Griserofulvin
D. Ampicillin
E. Chlorocide
37. Ampicillin is usually taken at a daily dose of 1-2g, divided into:
A. 2 times/day, 12 hours apart B- 3 times/day, 8 hours apart C- 4 times/day, 6 hours apart
D. 6 times/day, 4 hours apart
E. No need to follow the schedule.
38. Choose 1 antibiotic for prevention and treatment of cholera:
A. Ampicillin
B. Erythromycin
C. Amocilin
D. Doxycycline
E. Gentamicin
39. Prolonged use of antibiotics that can cause bone marrow failure is:
A. Lincomycin
B. Cefalexin
C. Doxycycline
D. Chlorocide
E. Erythromycin
40. Antibiotics that can be toxic to the liver are:
A. Erythromycin
B. Penicillin
C. Chlorocide
D. Metronidazole
E. Ampicillin
41. Antibiotics that have side effects that damage the eighth cranial nerve (which can cause irreversible deafness) are:
A. Cefalexin
B. Gentamicin
C. Lincomycin
D. Tetracycline
E. Amocilin
42. Drugs that are effective against bacillary dysentery are:
A. Ampicillin