Shrimp head and shell processing machines. In addition, there are 876 seed production facilities and 223 seed trading facilities. In addition, the province also has over 200 feed and veterinary medicine service facilities for aquatic products with over 1,000 shrimp purchasing facilities linking processing plants with farming areas. With the above number of seed production and trading facilities, each year, these facilities have supplied the market with about 8-9 billion tiger prawn seeds, meeting about 40% of the amount of shrimp seeds raised in the province. The remaining number is imported from other provinces, about 10 to 11 billion tiger prawn seeds and about 3 billion white-leg shrimp seeds. Ca Mau province has also invested in an irrigation system to serve production, facilitating aquaculture, overcoming the old irrigation system to suit the transition to aquaculture. To facilitate aquaculture, Ca Mau has invested in a medium voltage power grid system, most hamlets and villages have electricity for daily life and production with more than 96% of the total number of households in the province, the grid has reached 82/82 communes, reaching 100% of communes with electricity. Along with investing and upgrading facilities for aquaculture development, in recent times, the work of fishery extension has also been of interest to the functional sectors of Ca Mau province, accordingly, the grassroots fishery extension system has been formed in all communes and towns with a force of cadres who have basic training, professional capacity and a lot of experience. Training and technical guidance for people are always enhanced, implemented from many different sources of programs and projects. According to the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ca Mau province, in 2015, Ca Mau province will continue to strengthen comprehensive direction in the field of aquaculture based on close coordination between sectors, levels, authorities and commune-level organizations must clearly define their roles and responsibilities in directing the development of aquaculture to well perform assigned tasks based on the guidance of the functional sector. Develop according to planning, promote the application of scientific advances, organize chain-linked production, promote the roles and responsibilities of relevant parties, support each other in production... to reduce costs, improve people's lives, strive to exceed the aquaculture and seafood export plan in 2015.
2.3. Overview of relevant empirical studies
2.3.1. Summary of related studies Foreign studies
(1) Research “Analysis of barriers hindering small enterprises from developing exports” by Leonidas C. Leonidou, (2004)
The trend of globalization opens up many opportunities and challenges for small and medium-sized export enterprises. Enterprises gain many benefits from exporting, but they also face many difficulties and obstacles in exporting. Author Leonidou analyzed 39 export barriers based on an overview of 32 empirical studies on this issue. The author divided the barriers into 2 types: internal barriers (including information, functions and marketing) and external barriers (including administrative procedures, government and environment). The impact of export barriers depends on the management, organization and business environment of the enterprise. However, barriers have a strong impact on export behavior such as lack of information, price competitiveness, habits and customs of foreign customers, economic barriers and political barriers. Some other researchers have concluded that public policy planning, business training and export research are very important factors in the management of enterprises. Business managers should proactively limit these barriers by following these steps: (1) Accurately predict, identify and understand all problems that may hinder the export efforts of enterprises by using internal data, business intelligence and market research; (2) Prioritize problems that impact export goals based on parameters such as persistence, difficulty and importance; (3) Evaluate the causes of each problem, establish the level at which it can be solved and use the necessary means to do so; (4) Take corrective measures to adapt to the problem, using both internal and external factors; (5) Monitor the progress of the problem solving process by establishing special feedback mechanisms.
(2) Research “Quality Regulation and Export Performance” by Tomasz Iwanow and Colin Kirkpatrick, (2007)
The research objective of authors Tomasz Iwanow and Colin Kirkpatrick is to improve the conditions for trade facilitation. The study applies the gravity model to increase trade facilitation, assess the impact of quality regulatory indicators and other trade restrictions related to export activities. The research results show that a 10% increase in trade facilitation will increase export activities by about 5%. The research results also show that an improvement in the legal environment with a corresponding rate (10%) will increase exports by 9-11%, while the quality of infrastructure will bring about an 8% increase in exports. Thus, creating favorable conditions for trade can improve export activities, but improving the quality of the legal environment, transportation and infrastructure, and communication are even more important in export. Through the above analysis, the author has drawn the following conclusions:
Theoretical arguments support the role of trade liberalization as an engine of growth in developing countries. However, the impact of trade liberalization on business activities varies across countries. Thus, country factors play a very important role in determining the response of the economy through changes in incentives and business opportunities.
The Doha Framework for Multilateral Trade Negotiations has received much attention in recent years. Many observers have noted that improvements in customs procedures at border crossings have increased trade volumes between countries, especially in developing countries.
The author concludes that trade reforms to facilitate exports alone cannot promote rapid and sustainable export growth in developing countries. This requires an integrated program that includes improving the quality of infrastructure, institutions and complementing necessary trade improvements to enhance business capacity to meet the regulations of export markets.
Domestic research
(1) Truong Hoang Kiet (2012), Analysis of factors affecting export results of seafood enterprises in Kien Giang province , Master's thesis, Nha Trang University.
Distribution (H4)
Logistics Services (H5)
(+)
Business characteristics :
- Enterprise labor size (H6a)
- Number of years the business has been operating (H6b)
The author's research model is:
Price (H2) | Promotion (H3) | |
( - ) | ||
( - ) | ( - ) | |
Export results | ||
( - ) | ( - ) |
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Figure 2.2. Research model
(Source: Truong Hoang Kiet (2012))
In which, the dependent variable Export results is measured by the ability to generate profits from export revenue. The author surveyed 80 business representatives related to the export activities of the enterprise. The content of the independent variables is marketing barriers. The final empirical regression model with 5 factors is: Promotion barriers, Price barriers, Product barriers, Distribution barriers, Logistics service barriers.
(2) Ho Xuan Huong & Nguyen Thi Kim Anh (2015), Factors affecting export results of wood processing enterprises in Binh Dinh , Economics and Development magazine, No. 215, May 2015, pp.116-127.
The author surveyed 228 leaders and managers of wood processing export enterprises in Binh Dinh. The estimated results show that the factors that have a clear impact on export results are:
- Company characteristics and capabilities,
- Domestic macroeconomic policy,
- Competitor marketing strategies,
- Export marketing strategy of the enterprise,
- Characteristics of domestic and foreign markets.
(3) Tran Huu Ai (2015), Trade barriers when exporting seafood to international markets, Science Journal - Ho Chi Minh City Open University, No. 3/2015, pp. 135 - 145.
The study aims to measure the combined effect of five trade barriers (product, price, distribution, logistics and trade promotion) on the export activities of Vietnamese seafood companies and the relationship between these factors:
Product barriers
Price barrier
Export performance
Distribution barriers
Promotional barriers
Logistics services
Figure 2.3. Research model
(Source: According to Tran Huu Ai, 2015)
The survey sample included 152 business managers from seafood companies in the Mekong Delta provinces and the southern key region of Vietnam.
The results show that, except for promotional barriers, product, price, distribution, and logistics barriers have negative impacts on export performance.
(4) Nguyen Quoc Dinh (2000), Planning for seafood processing development in Ca Mau province to 2010 , master's thesis in economics.
As a result of the research, the author has proposed a plan for the development of the seafood processing industry in Ca Mau province until 2010, including the following planning contents:
- Planning for export markets and domestic consumption.
- Planning for raw material resources for exploitation, natural fishing and farming
- Planning for processed products such as frozen goods, instant industrial foods, fish sauce processing, dried seafood, fish meal processing, animal feed.
- Planning of labor resources and logistics services for seafood processing.
To solve the planning problems raised, the author also proposes some main solutions.
2.3.2. Evaluation of reference documents.
Firstly, the research articles of Truong Hoang Kiet (2012) and Tran Huu Ai (2015) both focus on factors that are trade barriers in seafood exports.
Second , all five factors that have statistical significance in the research of Truong Hoang Kiet (2012) and Tran Huu Ai (2015) are: product barriers, price, distribution, logistics, promotion have negative impacts on seafood export results of enterprises.
Third, the dependent variable in the study of Truong Hoang Kiet (2012) and Tran Huu Ai (2015) is different: The study of Truong Hoang Kiet (2012) has the dependent variable as Profitability from export revenue from secondary data of 36 enterprises and the independent variable has a 7-level likert scale. Meanwhile, the dependent variable in the study of Tran Huu Ai (2015) is export performance, also expressed by a 5-level likert scale.
Fourth, the research paper of Nguyen Quoc Dinh (2000), a qualitative research paper, has strengthened the practical basis for the factors of the model as follows: solutions
The author's thesis also revolves around the contents of the factors: export consumption (promotion), product development, labor and logistics services.
Fifth, the above summaries are the empirical basis for the research model proposed by the thesis author.
2.4. Proposed research model
2.4.1. Proposed research model
The original research paper that serves as the basis for the proposed research model is “Trade barriers when exporting seafood to international markets” Journal of Science - Ho Chi Minh City Open University, No. 3/2015, pp. 135 - 145 by Tran Huu Ai with 5 statistically significant dependent variables”. From there, the author's initial proposed model retains this model and adds an independent variable, Export Marketing Strategy , from the research paper Ho Xuan Huong & Nguyen Thi Kim Anh (2015).
Next step, the author invited a group discussion of 03 experts to contribute comments on the influencing factors. The final result, the official research model includes 5 independent variables as in the research paper of Tran Huu Ai (2015) (details: Appendix 2)
The research model is officially proposed after consulting experts as follows:
after:
Barriers to Product Development
Price Barriers
Barriers to Promotion
Seafood export results of the
Enterprises of Ca Mau province
Barriers to Distribution
Logistics Service Barriers
Figure 2.4. Proposed research model
(Source: Author's proposal)
Research hypothesis:
H1: Product development barriers are negatively related to seafood export performance of enterprises in Ca Mau province.
H2: Price barriers have an inverse relationship with seafood export performance of enterprises in Ca Mau province.
H3: Promotion barriers have a negative relationship with seafood export results of enterprises in Ca Mau province.
H4: Distribution barriers have a negative relationship with seafood export performance of enterprises in Ca Mau province.
H5: Logistics service barriers have a negative relationship with seafood export performance of enterprises in Ca Mau province.
2.4.2. Explain the independent variables in the Product Development Barriers model
Product barriers arise when firms want to develop new products for foreign markets, adapt the design and style of export products, meet the strict quality standards of large markets, meet packaging and labeling requirements for export products, and provide after-sales service (Leonidou, 2004).
Price barrier
Price barriers involve offering satisfactory prices to customers, difficulty in adapting to competitors' price offers, lack of competitive pricing strategies in international markets, and restrictions on credit to foreign customers (Leonidou, 2004).
Barriers to promotion
Promotional barriers are related to adjustments to export promotion activities, overseas promotion programs, financial resources to carry out promotional programs in foreign markets and participate in foreign fairs and exhibitions (Leonidou, 2004).
Distribution barriers