Therefore, there is an urgent need for a concentrated industrial park to create conditions for households and production facilities to feel secure and stabilize production. Phuong La concentrated industrial park was born to meet that need of the people.
Initially, because some establishments were too "secret" about where to place machinery, where to gather raw materials and products, they spontaneously moved to the agricultural production land of their families or relatives; just like that, the number of workers continued to increase. In addition, many production establishments together requested the local government to create conditions for them to expand their production facilities, creating more jobs for the people.
Faced with the increasingly strong development of the textile industry, the increasing number of companies and enterprises, and the increasing demand for large-scale production, the authorities at all levels in Hung Ha district and Thai Phuong commune have decided to build a concentrated industrial cluster in Phuong La and some other locations in Hung Ha district, such as Phuc Khanh industrial cluster, Dong Tu industrial cluster...
Governments at all levels encourage production facilities to move to industrial parks because of the many benefits: it helps people avoid living in a stuffy, polluted environment; village roads and alleys are less congested...; authorities can easily manage, operate, and detect and handle violations in the production process.
However, not all production facilities can "enter" the industrial cluster, because they must have a certain amount of capital, strictly comply with the regulations of the industrial park, and fully perform financial and material obligations such as paying taxes, environmental protection fees, and labor safety regulations... In particular, having to divide the workforce both at home and in the industrial park also causes difficulties for the management of production owners. If production is carried out at home, the owner and his family can manage and urge workers to do other family chores such as taking care of children, reminding them to study, and receiving guests, without having to travel, which is very convenient... Moreover, when going to the concentrated area, transactions and sales are sometimes difficult to avoid the prying eyes and curiosity of neighbors, who are afraid of revealing secrets in the production stages of their facility.
The development of weaving in Phuong La has overwhelmed farming. Up to now, only 7 - 8% of the labor force in the village does not work in weaving. These are people who do not have the labor force, or
commune officials; some people do business or provide services. In the years before 2000, there were still some families who did agriculture and took back the fields of other families to work and pay taxes. After 2000, the weaving profession developed strongly and no one in the village took more fields to cultivate. The village's fields were mainly hired by people from other villages to cultivate and were often cultivated after other villages because after they finished cultivating their own village, they went to cultivate for Phuong La. Currently, the fields in Phuong La are mostly rented out to neighboring villages for cultivation or left fallow. Mr. Bui Van Ha - Vice Chairman of Thai Phuong Commune People's Committee said, "People leave their fields fallow a lot, we have no way to effectively solve this problem" . The fields are no longer important to the people because they do not bring in high income. Unlike the craft communes of Minh Tan and Nam Cao, where income from the craft is not much, people in these two communes still produce agriculture, the fields are not abandoned, and income from agriculture still maintains the basic life of the people.
It can be said that the development of weaving has created an important and fundamental change in the economic structure of Phuong La village towards increasing the proportion of industry and services. Industrial production and services dominate; agriculture no longer plays a leading role (according to the report of Thai Phuong Commune People's Committee, in 2013, the total value of industrial and construction income of Phuong La village reached 179,443 billion VND, an increase of 12% compared to 2012). This is a fundamental difference compared to the traditional economic structure. The traditional industry in the villages was commented by P. Gourou as an industry that was very within their reach, a small industry, wasteful of labor and without machinery, with extremely simple means and sometimes very sophisticated techniques; an industry that was unreasonable and illogically distributed, but loyal to tradition; an industry in which the isolationism of the village reappeared; an industry with little profit, which can only help the peasants to keep themselves from starving. In short, it is a peasant industry, with two basic characteristics: family labor and labor industry, because all craftsmen are first and foremost peasants, they will only cultivate agriculture if their land is sufficient; peasants are also in that it is carried out only in the village, right in the family [39, p. 406].
The emergence of companies, enterprises, teams of directors, owners of production facilities, along with the formation of concentrated industrial clusters, equipped with modern machinery, has created momentum for manual labor to escape from agricultural production and join industrial production. In particular, since the 6th Congress (1986), the policy of our Party and State to build a socialist-oriented market economy has been the driving force for companies and enterprises to take shortcuts, take the lead in science and technology, specialize the production process to increase labor productivity, and bring high income to farmers. It has broken the small, fragmented, traditional production; forming a commodity production with fierce competition.
The formation of concentrated industrial clusters in villages has contributed to ensuring direct and immediate employment for a large part of the agricultural population who are currently under great pressure from the loss of agricultural land (land reclaimed for urban planning and transportation) and population growth, contributing to political stability in rural areas and preventing social evils. Every day, a craft village can provide jobs for thousands of workers. Some hired farmers have been trained to directly produce products. Others work on the fields of households in the village or do other jobs such as transportation, housework and miscellaneous tasks, creating the premise for the industrial workforce in the new period. It also contributes to training a team of craftsmen - pre-industrial workers, supplementing the industrial workforce later.
The industrial cluster concentrated in Phuong La contributes to helping production facilities increase modern machinery and equipment, create a quantity of products to meet domestic consumption needs, promote the export of goods abroad; create an abundant economic foundation to preserve the traditional cultural values of craft villages; thereby contributing to the preservation and promotion of village cultural values in general, and craft village culture in particular, making culture a goal and driving force of the construction of a new society. Phuong La weaving village, Thai Phuong craft commune identifies the craft as an important goal of the agricultural and rural economic development program. The craft and craft households here have become the main source of livelihood for the people. According to Mr. Bui Van Ha: "The export of Phuong La village's products has brought in annual income of
billion VND for businesses, families with weaving machines earn no less than 5,000,000 VND/machine/month, hired weaving workers also earn no less than 3,000,000 VND/month". The electricity consumption in Phuong La weaving village and the village's industrial park in 2013 was 780,000 kWh, with the amount paid to the Electricity Company being 108 billion VND, showing the production capacity of Phuong La craft village's industrial park [ Source : Survey results of NCS (2013)].
The living standards of the people in the commune in general and the households engaged in weaving are constantly improving. The products are exported to markets in Japan, Korea, Germany, etc. Currently, the number of workers involved in weaving (including hemming, packaging, etc.), workers in textile enterprises, factories and complexes has reached 78,000 people.
The growth rate of industrial clusters is higher year after year, promoting the internal strength and advantages of villages and communes, attracting talents and material resources, applying scientific and technological advances, innovating production equipment, and promoting the strong development of craft villages.
The development of industrial clusters and occupations not only enriches the people's economy, but also changes the economic thinking of the Phuong La people from the "agricultural" mindset, focusing on food, ensuring food security, "full granaries", "self-sufficient" life, "content with one's fate" to the mindset of "commodity economy, market", striving to become "boss", "upper class" life. These are the factors that contribute to the transformation of culture, lifestyle, and personality of the Phuong La people.
The new production process with modern technology, high productivity and quality has brought people a prosperous life; at the same time, it has contributed to liberating the workers' labor, shifting from manual labor to intellectual labor; from slow and leisurely thinking to agile and active labor to respond promptly to the weaving wheels of the machines. The production process has changed, but the stages of weaving finished products still require experience, meticulousness, diligence and creativity in the work of a team of talented workers. Therefore, people working in the profession still have the virtues of being careful, meticulous, diligent and patient, but must be more agile and active.
2.1.4. About the product
Since 1990, Phuong La people have shifted their focus to weaving towels of all kinds for the domestic and international markets. This is a very correct direction, thus helping the profession and Phuong La craft village to develop more and more strongly. Meo village products are mainly exported to Japan, Korea, America... as well as throughout Vietnam, Meo village products are everywhere. The most typical products of Phuong La village are face towels, bath towels, napkins... with different sizes: 60cm x 1.2m (largest size), 40cm x 20cm, 4cm x 25cm, square towels 30cm x 30cm. Some are printed with patterns, left white, depending on the requirements of the product consumption place.
Learning about the weaving products of Nam Cao craft commune, we learned that for many years, Nam Cao has maintained a traditional product of linen. Minh Tan craft commune mainly weaves for hire for Phuong La village, so the products depend on the orders of production facilities in Phuong La; therefore, the weaving products here are also all kinds of cotton towels.
The scarf products of Phuong La village also have different decorative patterns, some are printed with the two words "happiness", "double happiness", or some are just made with border patterns..., showing the diversity of product designs. There are also many types of materials to weave scarves, each type has different advantages. Products woven from cotton or cotton fibers are easy to absorb water, porous, light, soft and cool in summer, warm in winter. There are types woven from nylon fibers, which have the advantages of drying quickly, being easy to wash, less prone to mold... with different sizes, creating a rich variety of types. In addition, weaving techniques, lines, patterns, colors... are focused on aesthetics, so the products are increasingly more beautiful and sophisticated.
Although produced on a modern production line, each product is the crystallization of the craftsman's intelligence and creativity, so it has its own soul and character. The product is a tangible cultural value of the craft village, a cultural mark still imbued with Vietnamese cultural colors.
Phuong La is known more widely by people in the country and the world thanks to the village's textile products. Thus, the economy has contributed to promoting and introducing the values of craft village culture and vice versa, those cultural values contribute to promoting economic growth, political and social stability, and sustainable local development.
2.1.5. About product consumption form
The market economy opened up, producers were free to produce, trade, and consume... therefore, the products of Phuong La weaving village no longer had to be consumed in small quantities, hidden, or worried about tax evasion like in the years before the 1986 renovation. In the 80s and early 90s of the 20th century, all kinds of fabrics from Phuong La weaving village were imported by the Thai Binh province's handicraft export company to export to Russia and Eastern European countries.
Through many historical ups and downs, Phuong La village weaving has changed a lot, modern production tools have been innovated, and product types have also become more diverse. The owners of the renovation period have promoted their intelligence, boosted production, signed contracts with domestic provinces and foreign companies to export various types of towels - a typical product of Phuong La weaving village today. They have proactively sought foreign partners to consume products in large quantities. Previously, domestic weaving exports were very limited, but today, with their agility and intelligence, Phuong La village enterprises have been able to export to dozens of countries in Europe and Asia. Unlike Phuong La village, the consumption of products in Nam Cao commune is mostly consumed domestically and exported in small quantities to underdeveloped markets such as Laos and Cambodia, so profits are not high and workers' incomes are low. Minh Tan craft commune has only three businesses, the rest of the households mainly weave for Phuong La, so they do not have to worry about the output of their products. Therefore, people's income is stable but not high.
The difference in the income of weavers hired at the enterprises of Phuong La craft village is that the workers only receive their salary once every three months. That is,
Every quarter, workers receive their salary once, helping them save money to cover and take care of big jobs while reducing the time spent receiving their salary. According to the report of Thai Phuong Commune People's Committee, the average income per capita of Phuong La weaving village was 26 million VND/person/year in 2014 (in fact, the income of Phuong La villagers is many times higher) .
Changes in product consumption and income of Phuong La people help to improve the lives of the villagers and weaving households. Exported products have expanded to markets in Japan, Korea, Germany, Taiwan, etc. Being free to develop their profession, Phuong La people no longer have to worry about selling "underground", they increase product promotion, expand their relationships, etc. This helps Phuong La people to be proficient, understand the market, be decisive, and be good at relationships, etc. With economic conditions, they can further strengthen their relationships, assert themselves, make transactions easier, and create trust in doing business "strong because of rice, bold because of money". In addition, they have the conditions to care about and participate in social and charitable activities, and take care of their spiritual life. This contributes to the formation of the spiritual culture and lifestyle of Phuong La people.
2.1.6. On the method of passing on and learning the profession
In the past, the preservation of trade secrets and the transmission of trade were mainly kept within the family, but now the method of transmitting trade has become much more "open". The trade secrets of each household are still preserved to compete fairly in the market, but are no longer too strict. In the family, anyone who wants to learn a trade is taught, regardless of gender, son-in-law or daughter-in-law, to be proficient in the work and to guide and direct hired weavers. Those who come to weave for hire, who love the trade and are careful, are also taught enthusiastically and thoughtfully. Phuong La people pass on the trade to compete with skilled workers to develop production, meeting the requirements of products signed with consumers. However, Phuong La people pass on the trade mainly to middle-aged people, because this is the main force in production and implementation of the stages of the weaving trade. These are also the subjects with enough experience in the trade, and are responsible for the work; shown by the results of processing the survey form in Table 2.4 .
Table 2.4: Group of subjects who received the profession from their family
Unit: %
Target group
Currently | Before 1996 | |
Young workers, youth | 5.7 | 18.6 |
Workers are middle-aged | 58.7 | 35.5 |
Labor is old | 0 | 2.2 |
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Building a Team of Trade Union Officials at Japanese-Invested Automobile Manufacturing Enterprises in Vietnam to Perform Representative and Security Work -
Solutions to improve tour guides' communication and behavior with tourists in Xuyen A Tourism & Trade Joint Stock Company - 18 -
Building a human resource development strategy at Ha Long Trade Union Tourism Company Limited until 2015 - 1 -
Promoting Vietnam's service exports as a member of the World Trade Organization WTO - 23
[ Source: Results of processing survey data (Appendix 7)].
The people of Phuong La craft village, like many other ancient craft villages in Vietnam, in the feudal period kept their craft hidden, did not pass it on to other villagers, or had secrets that were only passed on within the family and not to relatives or villagers. Therefore, the narrow-mindedness and fear of losing the craft affected the quality and development of the craft and the products. Buying and selling based on mutual agreement also limited the development of the weaving profession and the competitiveness in the craft village, which significantly hindered the aesthetic value and quality of the woven products produced.
In the renovation period, in order to create export scarves at reasonable prices, products that meet technical standards and sign contracts with customers, businesses in craft villages have strong but healthy competition, including competition for labor. Therefore, the "bosses" also increase vocational training for hired workers.
For workers, if they are paid fair wages, high wages, and have guaranteed jobs for the same product, they are willing to work for that enterprise or company month after month; otherwise, they will move to work elsewhere. This is the basic change in the mentality and awareness of workers in Phuong La craft village during the period of new economic development. Because they are aware of production capacity, skill level, and quality of the products they produce, workers have the right and freedom to choose companies, enterprises, and groups that bring them many benefits without being bound or dependent on the boss.