Occupational Safety and Health Management System According to Ilo-Ohs 2001

1.1.1. Occupational Safety and Health Management System according to ILO-OHS 2001

After two years of development and international review, the ILO Guidelines on OSH Management Systems (ILO-OSH 2001) were finally adopted by a tripartite expert meeting in April 2001 and published in December 2001 after being endorsed by the ILO Governing Body. In 2007, the ILO Governing Body reaffirmed the ILO's role in OSH-related matters, requesting ISO to continue developing an international standard on OSH management systems. The ILO Guidelines on OSH 2001 provide an internationally compatible model, compatible with other safety management system standards and guidelines being implemented around the world. These documents reflect the tripartite approach and ILO principles defined in international OSH instruments, in particular in the 1981 OSH Convention No. 155. In addition to Convention 155, the ILO also recommends 12 representative conventions such as the Convention on Safety in Construction, the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health, and the Protection of Workers' Health at Work to guide the establishment of OSH management.

This management system is based on the research works of many scientists and leading experts in many countries around the world. This is also one of the very important international tools that create the formation and development of the OSH management system in countries, the international labor organization has put forward the goal of improving labor productivity and minimizing the risk of accidents and other risks in the labor process, which has been recognized by the Government, representatives of employees and employers around the world.

The OSH management system is built on a closed PDCA cycle including: Policy - Organization - Planning and implementation - Evaluation - Action for improvement and is shown in Figure 1.1.

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Figure 1.1 ILO-OSH 2001 occupational safety and health management system

Source [3] Figure 1.1 shows the organization, construction and development of the OSH management system according to ILO-OSH 2001, the guideline has clearly indicated the national framework for the OSH management system , which any enterprise or facility wants to ensure OSH.

During the production process, the following steps must be followed:

To build an OSH management system in an enterprise, the enterprise must continuously comply with the 5 elements of the system. After the operation process, when evaluating and improving the system, it is necessary to pay attention to the established goals, the initial preliminary assessment results, the inspection results, the risk assessment contents, the recommendations and proposals to improve the conditions of the employer and the information sources of other relevant parties in order to enhance the protection of safety and health for workers.

1.1.2. In the UK

The UK's occupational health and safety legislation was introduced in 1974 and was significantly revised in 2008. The UK legislation provides a structure, a unified legal framework and an implementation framework for health and safety regulations.

In 1991, the Health and Safety Commission in the UK introduced the Health and Safety Management Guide (abbreviated as HSG 65) with a proactive prevention policy, but it was not a general standard for certification. Since 1989, many other legal documents in the OSH system have been issued, but in 2004, the complete OSH management system was BS 8800 compiled and published by the British Standards Agency, which is essentially the UK standard for the OSH management system in enterprises according to the following model:

Figure 1.2: Occupational safety and health management system according to British standard BS 8800:2004

Source: BSI

The BS 8800:2004 Occupational Health and Safety Management System can also be applied to a wide range of business models.

1.1.3. In the US

On December 29, 1970, President Nixon signed the Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended in 2004. Established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of

1970, The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) officially began operating on April 28, 1971. OSHA's role is to ensure these conditions for America's workers by setting and enforcing standards, and providing training, education, and assistance.

OSHA has the authority to develop and issue new or revised OSH standards. OSHA's standard-setting process involves several steps and provides ample opportunity for stakeholder input. OSHA may develop safety standards and procedures on its own initiative or in response to appropriate recommendations or suggestions from other parties, such as:

• The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), is the agency that conducts research on occupational safety and health.

• State and local governments;

• Nationally recognized standards-setting organizations;

• Representative of employer or employee;

• Any other interested parties.

If OSHA decides to issue a new or revised regulation, it must first publish a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) in the Federal Register and invite public comment. The NPRM presents a proposed standard along with OSHA's explanation of the need for the requirements in the proposed standard.

National standards on occupational safety and health are formed and developed by agencies and associations, typically:

The American National Standard - ANSI Z10 on occupational safety and health management systems was developed in close collaboration between the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This standard was issued in 2005, following the following cycle:

Figure 1.3: Occupational safety and health management system according to American standard ANSI Z10

1.1.4. In Singapore

Source: BSI

The Workplace Safety and Health Act 2006 came into effect on 1 March 2006 in Singapore. It provides a specific mechanism for the implementation of the Act and emphasises the importance of proactively managing workplace safety and health by requiring relevant parties to take appropriate and reasonable measures to ensure the safety and health of workers and other persons affected by the work being performed. The Workplace Safety and Health Act also assigns specific responsibilities for the control of workplace safety and health risks.

In addition, there are 26 sub-laws under the Workplace Safety and Health Act that provide specific standards for higher risk occupations that these industries must comply with. There are currently 39 codes of conduct in Singapore and numerous guidelines, which provide practical guidance on safety and health for specific sectors. The agencies and organizations responsible for Safety and Health at Work. The Workplace Safety and Health Act is administered by the Workplace Safety and Health Advisor under the Singapore Ministry of Manpower. The Occupational Safety and Health Department is a unit

The Ministry of Manpower is primarily responsible for ensuring the safety, health and welfare of the workforce to create a safe and positive working environment.

1.1.5. In Japan

Japan enacted the Occupational Safety and Health Law in 1972. Japan's occupational safety and health law system includes:

- Law

- Decree

- Implementation instructions and related standards

In Japan, there are currently 3 laws regulating occupational safety and health: Industrial Safety and Health Law; Working Environment Measurement Law; Industrial Accident Prevention Organization Law.

On the basis of those normative documents, the Japan Safety and Health Agency has drafted typical Ordinances (equivalent to standards) such as: Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health; Ordinance on health standards in offices; Ordinance on Safety of boilers and pressure vessels; Ordinance on Safety of cranes and other similar equipment...

Under the ordinance are guidelines, such as: Guidelines for risk assessment; Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems; Guidelines for risk assessment of chemicals... In addition, a number of other standards have also been issued, for example: Standards for assessing the working environment ...

In April 2006, when the Industrial Safety and Health Law, revised in 2005, came into effect, Japan required relevant ministries, departments, and agencies to develop standards for workplace risk assessment for various manufacturing industries.

1.1.6. In Korea

In 1980, Korea enacted the Occupational Safety Act and established a unified safety management system led by the Ministry of Labor. Organizations that conduct research, training, coaching, and implement occupational safety activities are funded to operate and operate. The Korean government funds the management, inspection, and supervision activities of state management agencies. In 1987, the Occupational Safety Act was amended and expanded the scope of this agency's activities to include businesses.

have more than 50 employees. For businesses with 50 employees or more, there must be a specific plan and program to address issues related to occupational health, from investigating and researching the working environment to health training, health checks, coordination between doctors, medical staff and those who care for the health of employees. Employees are given periodic health checks twice a year and work environment investigations are also conducted annually.

Along with that, in terms of occupational safety and health management, the Korean Ministry of Labor and Employment is a very effective support organization in the process of building the Law on Occupational Safety in Vietnam on the basis of providing many experienced experts in drafting and implementing to support consulting and improve management knowledge for managers and safety workers in Vietnam.

1.1.7. In China

In China, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China has issued regulations on occupational safety and health, including two main laws: the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and the Law on Safe Production. Effective since May 1, 2002, the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases of the People's Republic of China is a very important legal document, which plays a great role in preventing, controlling and ensuring occupational safety and health in China. This law defines the rights, obligations and duties of employers in protecting the safety and health of employees. In addition, it also stipulates how to handle people with occupational diseases. This law has the following specific criteria: Diagnosis of occupational diseases must be conducted by a competent medical institution and confirmed by a competent medical institution at the grassroots level or higher. Employers are responsible for providing reports on the health status of employees to prepare medical reports. Employees can apply for occupational disease examination regardless of the company they work for. The sick person must follow the treatment instructions and comply with the state regulations. In addition, the employer must not transfer the sick employee to another position, and the sick employee must be compensated according to the state regulations on social security for labor losses. The employer must be responsible for protecting and taking care of the health of the employee.

The Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases requires employers to establish systems and specific solutions to control occupational accidents and diseases. In addition to these factors, the Law also stipulates that employees who contract diseases at work must undergo regular health checks, including pre-employment checks, periodic checks while at work, and checks before leaving work.

1.1.8. Occupational safety and health management system according to OHSAS 18001:2007 standard [10,11]

British Standards Institution study on Occupational Health and Safety Management System - Guidelines for the Implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007.

OHSAS 18001:2007 is the current version that is widely used in the OSH system in many countries around the world. In essence, OHSAS 18001:2007 is a standard on OSH management according to the system of work management processes. OHSAS 18001 provides a framework of implementation requirements and control processes to minimize risks to the safety and health of workers.

This standard is suitable for application to all types and sizes of organizations and is appropriate to different geographical, cultural and social conditions, the basis of this approach is shown in Figure 1.2. The success of the system depends on the commitment and participation of all levels and functions, especially of the top management.

The OHSAS 18001:2007 standard helps entities control compliance with legal requirements on OSH. In addition, it also helps units/organizations minimize errors, non-conformities with legal regulations, etc. Many organizations have conducted OHSAS "reviews" or "assessments" to evaluate their OSH performance. However, in their own way, these reviews and assessments may not be enough to provide an organization with assurance that its performance not only meets but continues to meet its policies and legal requirements.

The occupational safety and health management system according to OHSAS 18001:2007 is shown in the figure:

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