Managing training cooperation activities at Bac Kan Ethnic Boarding Vocational College

INTRODUCTION

1. Urgency of the topic

In the current context of internationalization, integration and development, the educational environment is greatly influenced by the issue of globalization. “The Resolution of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam has determined: Education development is the top national policy. Fundamentally and comprehensively innovate Vietnam's education towards standardization, modernization, socialization, democratization and international integration,..."; one of the three breakthroughs of the Socio-Economic Development Strategy 2011-2020 is: "Rapidly develop human resources, especially high-quality human resources, focusing on fundamental and comprehensive innovation of national education; closely linking human resource development with the development and application of science and technology”… The Central Executive Committee of the Party (11th tenure) on “Fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training, meeting the requirements of industrialization, in the conditions of a socialist-oriented market economy and international integration” continues to affirm the key position of education and training in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country [7].

To implement the vocational training development goal for the period 2011 - 2020 in the "Vocational training development strategy for the period 2011 - 2020" approved in Decision No. 630/QD-TTg dated May 29, 2012 of the Prime Minister, it is clearly stated: "Vocational training development is the career and responsibility of the whole society; is an important content of the national human resource development strategy and planning; requires the participation of the Government, ministries, branches, localities, vocational training institutions, labor users and workers to conduct vocational training according to the needs of the labor market..." [9].

The Government's promulgation of the "Law on Vocational Education No. 74/2014/QH13 dated November 27, 2014" replacing the Law on Vocational Training in 2006 has expanded the legal corridor for current forms of vocational training. The Law on Vocational Education has concretized the "policy of fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education in general, vocational education in particular, resolving many shortcomings in practice, creating a new face of the education system in Vietnam in the spirit of the Resolution of the 8th Conference, Central Executive Committee, 11th tenure". With the current development of the network of vocational schools, vocational colleges, and vocational colleges, it is not possible to meet all learning needs, while the number of people with learning needs is increasing if each school only provides one form of training, which is formal training for the principal to implement. Therefore, each school must have a flexible training method, suitable to the characteristics of the learners and meet the requirements and demands of that profession in society.

Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Boarding Vocational College (DTNT), formerly Bac Kan Provincial Vocational Training School, was established in 2002, according to Decision No. 454/QD-UBND dated April 4, 2002 and was renamed Bac Kan Vocational College according to Decision No. 1305/QD-UBND dated August 3, 2007 of Bac Kan Provincial People's Committee. In 2015, along with the development of the network of universities and vocational colleges nationwide and in response to actual needs, the School was upgraded to Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College. The School is a public service unit under the People's Committee of Bac Kan Province, assigned the task of training and fostering human resources with college level in many fields (industry, construction, agriculture, forestry, economics, tourism and services) at the following levels: Elementary, Intermediate and College. After 15 years of formation and development (2002

- 2017), the School has gained a lot of experience in managing and organizing vocational training. The School has trained a team of technical workers in the following occupations: Mechanics, Automotive Technology, Electricity - Electronics, Construction Engineering, Animal Husbandry - Veterinary Medicine, Business Accounting, Tourism - Hotel .... to meet the needs of the labor market in Bac Kan province in particular and in the whole country in general, serving the cause of industrialization and socio-economic development of the province and the whole country. In response to the increasingly high demands of the labor market on the quality of technical workers and the increasing demand for learning in general and vocational training in particular of the people of Bac Kan province and neighboring provinces, right from the first years of establishment, the School has implemented training cooperation with domestic vocational training institutions to find solutions to the problem of lack of human resources and material facilities, ensuring training quality. Since 2010, the school's leaders have paid attention to diversifying and multilateralizing the forms of training cooperation to meet practical requirements, improve training quality, and contribute to the good implementation of the Party, State and local policies on vocational training.

After more than 10 years of implementing vocational training linkage activities with prestigious and experienced vocational training institutions nationwide, Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College has achieved many good results and is considered a good vocational training school in the province. However, in reality, the school's joint training management work still has many shortcomings and confusion, not bringing about the expected results of the school. In the face of the strong development of training professions, increasingly diverse labor market requirements and increasing demand for learners in the current development trend, Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College needs to have more appropriate management measures to improve the effectiveness of vocational training linkage.

In the “Strategic Plan for the Development of Bac Kan Ethnic Boarding Vocational College for the 2016-2020 Period”, the school’s mission is clearly defined as: “Bac Kan Ethnic Boarding Vocational College provides high-quality services in vocational education, applied research, consulting and technology transfer, meeting the needs of economic, social and cultural development of Bac Kan province and the region” and the vision to 2025 is: “By 2025, Bac Kan Ethnic Boarding Vocational College will become a national standard college, with leading prestige in the locality, in the network of key schools nationwide, gradually approaching and integrating training levels in countries in the region and internationally”. And one of the core values that the school identified in the period of 2016 - 2020 is: "Cooperation and collaboration: Encourage and promote cooperation with businesses, with training partners, with domestic and provincial agencies, as well as a spirit of cooperation, coordination, and high solidarity among individuals and departments in the School" [17].

From the above issues, with the practical experience of working at vocational training institutions, the author chose the research topic "Management of training linkage activities at Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College" as his graduation thesis, with the desire to find feasible measures in managing training linkage activities towards the ultimate goal of improving the quality of vocational training at Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College.

2. Purpose of the topic

Proposing measures to manage vocational training of Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College, contributing to improving the quality of human resource training in particular and the socio-economic development of the locality in general.

3. Research object and subject

+ Research object: Joint activities of vocational colleges with vocational training institutions.

+ Research object: Measures to manage joint training of Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College with vocational training institutions.

4. Scientific hypothesis

The current joint training work at Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College still has many shortcomings and limitations, one of the reasons for these shortcomings and limitations is management. If there are management measures based on the survey situation and suitable to the actual conditions of the locality, the effectiveness of managing joint training activities will be improved, contributing to improving the training quality of the school.

5. Research tasks

- Systematize some theoretical issues on managing training cooperation activities of vocational colleges.

- Survey and evaluate the current status of management of training cooperation activities at Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College.

- Proposing management measures to improve the effectiveness of managing training cooperation activities at Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College.

6. Limitations and scope of research

6.1. About content

- Research on the current status of vocational training linkage between Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College and vocational training institutions inside and outside the province.

6.2. About the survey object

- Survey of school management staff and training affiliated businesses as well as teachers and students of the school.

6.3. About survey location and time

- The training facilities researched and surveyed are vocational education and training centers in districts in Bac Kan province, vocational training facilities, colleges and intermediate vocational schools that have been and are training in cooperation with Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College.

- Survey data were collected from 2011 to 2017.

7. Research methods

- Secondary information collection method: Collect information related to training cooperation activities in vocational schools shown through documents, materials, Resolutions of the Party, State and regulations, rules issued by the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs, General Department of Vocational Training and related regulations, rules, contracts of the school as the basis for building a theoretical basis for the research topic.

- Observation and interview method: Direct contact and dialogue with managers, teachers, staff in the school, and students to collect information to assess the current situation of the school's training management and opinions to improve the management of training activities.

- Survey and investigation method : Questionnaire investigation

+ There are 4 levels of answers, with scores of 4, 3, 2, 1 corresponding to each answer:

Level 1: Not suitable/ Not good/ Not important

1 point
Level 2: Not suitable/ Not good/ Less important	2 points
Level 3: Relevant/ Good/ Important	3 points
Level 4: Very suitable/Very good/Very important	4 points

Maybe you are interested!

+ Formula for calculating the average score of the factors:

Average score (of factor)

4A+3B+2C+D

In which A, B, C, D are the number of opinions selected corresponding to levels 4, 3, 2,

1. N is the total number of respondents.

+ Evaluate the implementation level of factors based on the average score value of that factor:

 From 3.2 to near 4.0: Very suitable/Very good/Very important

 From 2.4 to near 3.2: Suitable/Good/Important

 From 1.6 to near 2.4: Not suitable/Not good/Less important

 From 0 to near 1.6: Not suitable/Not good/Not important

When studying the current status of training management activities and assessing the necessity and feasibility of proposed measures, the author conducted a survey to solicit opinions, interviewed 92 managers, teachers, and school staff, 4 training management officers of 4 colleges cooperating in training; 7 business managers and 50 students studying at the school, 17 former students of the school currently working at businesses, and interviewed experts in the education sector about the advantages and difficulties in the training process, training cooperation, and shortcomings in managing training activities.

- Expert method : Consult experts on the current situation, urgency and feasibility of proposed measures, and consult experts in the research field.

- Method of summarizing educational experience: Through summary reports, development strategies, and school year plans of Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College in the past to summarize lessons learned in the school's training linkage management.

- Data processing method using statistical mathematics: Applying mathematical and statistical formulas to process survey data, theoretical and practical research results to draw scientific conclusions.

8. Thesis structure

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, recommendations and references, the thesis has a structure of 3 chapters:

Chapter 1. Theoretical basis for managing training cooperation activities of vocational colleges.

Chapter 2. Current status of training cooperation activities and management of training cooperation activities at Bac Kan Ethnic Boarding Vocational College.

Chapter 3. Measures to manage joint training activities at Bac Kan Ethnic Boarding Vocational College.

Chapter 1

THEORETICAL BASIS OF MANAGEMENT OF TRAINING JOINT STOCK ACTIVITIES OF VOCATIONAL COLLEGES

1.1. Some features of problem research

Since the 60s and 70s of the 20th century, when the whole world was racing to develop all aspects of the socio-economic situation in the period of global opening, developed countries such as England, France, America, Germany, etc. have paid attention to the issue of vocational education and training and the management of vocational training activities to satisfy the increasingly high demands of industrial society. Due to the characteristics and requirements for the quality of human resources in each country being different, in each field there are different demands and requirements, but they all have in common the focus on the development of knowledge, the improvement of skills and professional attitudes.

In Germany, the vocational training system is a combination of learning in a school model that is close to the actual production of the company and a facility with professional competence in elementary and vocational training of vocational schools. Accordingly, companies focus on providing practical knowledge and skills, especially knowledge and skills suitable for the production technology of that company, while schools provide more basic theoretical knowledge. Due to the development of two combined platforms like this, this vocational education system is called dual vocational training. According to the German Government, about 60% of German students after graduating from high school choose the vocational training path, up to 90% of students complete the vocational training process successfully and the vocational training system in Germany is also very flexible, allowing students who register for vocational training but feel completely unsuitable to return to school to learn another profession, or register for an internship at another company.

In some Asian countries such as Japan, they have focused on building a modern education system, prioritizing universal primary education, establishing vocational schools for young people and organizing specialized training courses in the fields of industry, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, etc. at the junior high school level. Private vocational schools account for 80% - 90% of all vocational schools in the country. In Korea, "the concept of education and training must always be linked to the requirements of economic development. Vocational and technical education is valued right from secondary school level, right in the general education program, practicality is valued more than academicity, and the requirement of streaming is implemented vigorously. After graduating from junior high school, students are streamed into high school and secondary school.

vocational training. With the enactment of the Industrial Education Promotion Act, vocational high schools, industrial training programs, and on-site training have developed rapidly in Korea” [2].

In 1996, the author Heinz Weihrich and his colleagues in a scientific project report “Managing vocational training as a joint venture - can the German approach of cooperative education serve as a model for the United States and other countries? ” [19] introduced the traditional German vocational training methods and vocational training management model that need to be supplemented towards a higher level, dual-system training that integrates theory and practice, taking learners' competencies as the center of training management activities. The author believes that innovation in vocational training models is an important need and a new approach to training management is the joint venture training model, not only in the United States but also in other countries, by making business organizations and governments more competitive in the global market.

In 2000, author V. Gasskov in the book “ Managing vocational training systems ” [20] presented a scientific and artistic system of managing and organizing vocational training in public institutions, including: managing organizational structure, setting goals, planning, finance, training management; at the same time, providing measures to develop the management capacity of senior administrators; encouraging them to review and criticize the administrative procedures of their institutions to move towards a high level of professionalism.

In the work " Management of a TVET Institution " [21] by author Arlianti R, he proposed a way to manage vocational schools to meet the human resource needs of the labor market in terms of quantity, quality of occupations and training level, emphasizing that vocational schools need to focus on improving the quality and effectiveness of implementing teaching programs according to the approach of learners' performance capacity, so that the product of the vocational training process is a labor force with quantity, quality and occupational structure suitable to the requirements of employers.

Richard Noonan's research work: " Managing TVET to Meet labor Market Demand " [22] introduces the concept of labor market, analyzes the characteristics of the labor market, the law of supply and demand of human resources and factors affecting it.

supply and demand of human resources in the labor market, the effectiveness of human resource development from vocational education activities, thereby proposing measures to manage vocational education to train human resources to meet the needs of the labor market in the market mechanism, in which measures to determine the need for human resources to be trained closely to the actual requirements of the labor market are very necessary, organizing and managing human resource training activities so that the quality of human resources is suitable to the needs of the labor market is very important.

In Vietnam, the issue of vocational training and management of vocational training activities has also been of interest very early. Up to now, there have been scientific research works in the field of vocational training to improve the quality of vocational training and vocational training linkage activities. The doctoral thesis of author Nguyen Thu Hang researched on " management of vocational training in vocational schools towards meeting social needs " (2003) [2]; the doctoral thesis of author Phan Minh Hien on " Developing vocational training to meet social needs" (2012) [3], the authors focused on researching the theoretical basis of vocational training to meet social needs in a number of vocational schools, especially vocational colleges, thereby proposing a number of solutions to improve the effectiveness of vocational training management to meet social needs.

Thesis of author Nguyen Ngoc Hieu "Measures to manage vocational training at Uong Bi Construction College - Quang Ninh " [4]; Master's thesis of author Do Van Vien " Management of vocational training linkage activities, professional secondary school at the Continuing Education Center - Enterprise Son Dong district, Bac Giang province" [18]. These studies have generalized and clarified a number of theoretical issues on vocational training and vocational training management, proposed a number of measures to contribute to improving the effectiveness of vocational training management at a number of vocational training institutions. However, research topics on training linkage management at vocational colleges still have few systematic research works, mainly focusing on research at vocational colleges, vocational training centers and research in the direction of improving the quality of vocational training.

Although Bac Kan Ethnic Minority Vocational College was only established in 2002, it is considered a school with good experience and quality of vocational training in Bac Kan province. Training cooperation activities between the school and universities and colleges have been implemented for a long time, but there are still certain limitations. In order to assess the current situation of training cooperation management and propose measures to improve the management of training cooperation activities to achieve higher results, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the current situation of the school's operations to provide comprehensive and objective content.

Managing training cooperation activities at Bac Kan Ethnic Boarding Vocational College - 2

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