Once the right type of stone is found, it will be mined. Mining can be done by two methods: manually with hammers and chisels, or by using a chainsaw. After mining, if it is done on the mountain, there is no need to transport the raw materials, but if it is done at the factory, the stone must be transported by car to the factory to be processed into products.
Second stage: Product manufacturing.
The manufacturing method is different for different products:
If the order is a horizontal scroll or a scroll with Chinese characters, you must first measure the size of the stone blank to see if it is long and wide enough? Determine the spacing of the letters and print the letter sample on the stone blank, determine the decorative motifs according to the order. For horizontal scrolls, you need to create a border first, then carve the letters and finally carve the decorative motifs, you can use paint or leave it rough. You can carve by hand or machine, depending on the difficulty of the required detail.
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If carving animals, you must choose thick stone grain, choose suitable blanks, depending on the skill and aesthetic eye of the craftsman to create. You can draw the shape of the animal on the blank and then carve, carve the head, then the body and finally the tail. Depending on the craftsman's aesthetic ability, the products have different beauty, and the time to complete a product is different.
Step three: Finishing the product.
After the product is completed, it is necessary to check the details according to the customer's requirements, and fix any incorrect parts to make them more correct and beautiful. Store them in areas to avoid strong impacts that can damage the product because if the product is damaged, it cannot be sold. Paint can be sprayed upon request.
Production activities.
Nowadays, the stone carving profession in Hai Luu is organized into workshops, with few households working individually as before. The products of the stone village not only serve the needs of the people in the province but also throughout the country and abroad, especially Taiwan... According to the workers, their average income depends on the products they make. If the product has high requirements, it takes a long time to work.
their working day can be up to 200,000 VND/day. However, the number of factories is increasing day by day and the number of workers is also increasing due to the increasing demand.
Due to favorable conditions of natural, local raw materials and the commune being located next to the Lo River, production has many advantages from the production stage to the transportation and consumption stage.
However, due to the hard work of making ice and the harm caused by making ice is not small. It greatly affects human health, especially ear, throat, and eye diseases caused by stone dust.
2.2.3 Trieu De bamboo and rattan weaving village
2.2.3.1 Trieu De bamboo and rattan weaving craft
The bamboo and rattan weaving village of Trieu De in Trieu De commune, Lap Thach district is a village with a long history. But like the stone carving village of Hai Luu, when asked about the founder of the craft, no one in the village knew who it was and when exactly the craft was established. Mr. Trieu Van Duong, an elderly person in the village, said: "This is a long-standing craft in the village, passed down from father to son and no one mentioned who the first person to do the craft was. Therefore, we only worship our parents and ancestors."
2.2.3.2 Bamboo and rattan weaving villages past and present
Bamboo and rattan weaving is a long-standing traditional craft closely associated with the lives and production of rural people, but only a few craft villages have developed into commodity production craft villages.
In the past, the bamboo and rattan weaving craft village in Trieu De commune was very developed due to the abundant raw materials in the locality, so every household did it as a main economic activity and worked all year round. Thanks to that, people here had extra income in their spare time, during the off-season. In 2008, the revenue from the bamboo and rattan weaving craft reached nearly 60 billion VND. To continue promoting this craft, in the coming time, the provincial Industrial Promotion Center said: The target is that by 2010, the revenue from the bamboo and rattan weaving craft will reach 90 billion VND. However, will the bamboo and rattan weaving industry
achieve the revenue as directed because the number of households making bamboo and rattan has decreased, and there are few successors. Ms. Luu Thi Phuc has 4 children and said: her 2 daughters still make bamboo and rattan, but her 2 sons have gone to work far away because the income from bamboo and rattan weaving is not high. Each family in Trieu Xa village does not make many types of products, but each family only specializes in producing 1 or 2 products. Uncle Duong's family only produces baskets, Ms. Phuc's family produces trays and winnowing baskets.
Currently, most of the village produces products from bamboo due to the high price of rattan. The bamboo and rattan weaving craft village is receiving more attention to develop with the government's loan support policies.
2.2.3.3 Traditional products
Traditional products of the village are essential products used in daily production activities such as: baskets, trays, winnowing trays, winnowing trays, etc.
2.2.3.4 Management organization, production process and production activities
Management organization.
In 2003, the Department of Industry of Vinh Phuc province established a plan for the development of Vinh Phuc handicraft village industrial clusters for the period 2005 - 2010, approved by the Provincial People's Committee in Decision No. 2943/QD-UB dated July 2, 2003. According to the approved plan, by 2010, 28 handicraft clusters will be formed, including Trieu De bamboo and rattan weaving village.
Production process.
The production process includes 3 stages. First stage: Selecting raw materials
For each different type of product, there is a different way to choose raw materials. Mr. Duong said: For the material to make baskets, you must choose mai bamboo (a type of bamboo with longer segments than normal bamboo), the bamboo must be old and fresh. After cutting the bamboo into segments, you must dry it for about 30 minutes to reduce the moisture. As for the material to make baskets and winnowing trays, Ms. Phuc said: If you can buy fresh, old bamboo, that is good.
First, split the bamboo strips into 1 - 1.5 cm pieces. Depending on the item to be made, the bamboo strips will have different lengths. If you buy dry bamboo, you must soak it before weaving.
Second stage: Product manufacturing.
After completing the material selection process, the craftsmen proceed to the first step of weaving: weaving the bottom and body of the product.
For the basket, use the "nong mot" weaving method, which means one slat goes up and one slat goes down. For the basket, use the "nong tu" weaving method, which means put 2 slats up, then put 4 slats up, then put 3 slats down. With this weaving method, the bottom of the basket will have a pattern of diamond shapes with gradually smaller sizes, concentric at the bottom, very beautiful.
After weaving the bottom and body, they will be smoked to prevent termites during use. The smoking method is carried out as follows:
First, dig a hole about 0.5m deep, the width depends on the product, whether it is a basket or a winnowing basket, the hole has a different diameter. Then use straw or rice straw to line the bottom and light the stove, then sprinkle a layer of rice husks to prevent the large fire from burning the woven bamboo mat above. Next, arrange the woven bamboo mats on top and finally a layer of smoke-proof sacks on top. During the smoking process, do not let air get into the stove, because air entering the stove will make the fire burn bigger, leading to the bamboo mat burning. And when there is blue smoke, it means the bamboo mat is about to burn. If you do the smoking carefully, you can work in the field all day and then come back to the stove without any problem.
After taking the bamboo basket out of the oven, wait for it to cool down and then make the edge. The edge of the basket is the frame edge, which is pre-bent and pre-strung, while the edge of the winnowing basket is bent as desired, meaning the winnowing basket is bent to the desired width without making the frame first.
After inserting the waistband, proceed to cut off the excess parts and sew the waistband. For the waistband, use small rattan or industrial plastic wire. Use a sharp iron tip to punch holes in the body, under the waistband, then thread the wire from the body, around the waistband and tie a knot. Punch a hole every 1.5cm, do the same until the end of the waistband to complete a product.
Product finishing stage.
Once completed, the products are re-inspected to ensure durability and no distortion.
Production activities.
Currently, when coming to Trieu De commune, most households still do this job but the scale is not even. Although there has been a planning project since 2003, until now, households still operate individually, self-managing their products from the stage of getting raw materials to finding outlets for the products. Most of the products are sold at the rural market or households buy in large quantities and then bring them to other provinces.
Income from bamboo and rattan weaving is not high. The price of each small basket is only from 3,000 VND to 5,000 VND, each pair of baskets costs from 16,000 - 20,000 VND. With baskets, the average is 5 products/person/day, with baskets, the average is 2 products/person/day. So the average income will be 750,000 - 1,000,000 VND/month.
2.2.4 Vinh Son Snake Village
2.2.4.1 Vinh Son snake craft
Vinh Son Commune is located in the center of Vinh Tuong town, Vinh Phuc province and according to folklore, it is also called Hai Nuoc. Vinh Son people mainly live by raising snakes and farming. When coming to Vinh Son village and asking about the first person to raise snakes in the village, everyone points to Mr. Hoc's house. Mr. Hoc's full name is Nguyen Van Hoc, the first person to raise snakes in this area. He said: I heard people say that more than 200 years ago in Son Tang village, there were dozens of very poor households so they had to live by catching snakes in exchange for rice. Later, many households also caught snakes in the wild to eat and sell, but no one raised them. Realizing that if they kept catching snakes, the source of snakes would be exhausted, and in the cold season, snakes would hibernate, making it difficult to catch them. Thinking so, Mr. Hoc caught snakes and organized snake raising for 30-40 years now. Mr. Hoc can be considered the founder of the snake raising profession here.
2.2.4.2 Vinh Son snake village past and present
When he started raising snakes, Mr. Hoc faced great opposition from the people and this was also the initial difficulty of the snake raising profession here. Because the people were still poor at that time, they caught snakes to exchange for rice, but he raised them, so they were afraid that few people would exchange rice for snakes anymore. Moreover, snakes are animals that few people raise and have venom glands, many people were bitten to death by snakes because they did not know how to handle them in time. In the years 1978-1979, snakes were very cheap, a 1kg snake could only be exchanged for 2kg of rice. The cooperative once provided free snake breeds and materials to build cages for 10 households. To maintain the traditional snake breeding and processing profession, and protect the ecological environment, in 1979, with the help of the district party committee, the district people's committee and the Vinh Son human and animal physiology center, the center for snake breeding, abbreviated as Vinh Son snake farm, was inaugurated. The operation of Vinh Son snake farm is a combination of traditional experience and new scientific and technological advances, helping people in the commune improve the efficiency of snake breeding. With the help of scientists, the snake farm has been effective, producing valuable products such as: successfully breeding breeding snakes, creating local breeds without having to buy them through hunting, good growth of commercial snakes, processing many products from commercial snakes such as traditional snake wine, snake glue... Vinh Son's traditional snake products participated in Giang Vo fair in 1981 and 1982, and were awarded a silver medal.
In recent years, the government has had a policy of maintaining and developing the craft village. People in the commune have been supported in snake breeding through preferential loans. The provincial forestry department has created a favorable legal corridor for the process of transporting snakes to the place of consumption. Snake breeding in Vinh Son is increasingly developing with a diverse scale and many interwoven forms. The commune has established a snake breeding association to help people exchange experiences on capital and breeds, and protect the interests of snake breeders and the craft village.
With the determination to maintain and develop the craft village, the commune has set specific goals for the plan until 2008 as follows:
The craft village is planned into two main zones: the first zone is for breeding snakes and commercial snakes, the second zone is for introducing and selling snake products.
Clearing land and building infrastructure on 10 hectares of land for snake breeding facilities.
Strengthening the introduction and promotion of snake products to domestic and foreign markets.
Propose that the government support investment funding, upgrade Vinh Son snake farm into a center for breeding snakes and testing research on snake characteristics.
2.2.4.3 Traditional products
With diligence and intelligence, Vinh Son people have created traditional products with high economic value such as: snake wine used to treat diseases, improve health; snake glue used to treat diseases of joints, bones... products with high export value due to good quality to large markets such as China...
2.2.4.4 Management organization, production process and production activities
Management organization:
In 2003, the Department of Industry of Vinh Phuc province established a plan for the development of Vinh Phuc handicraft village industrial clusters for the period 2005 - 2010, approved by the Provincial People's Committee in Decision No. 2943/QD-UB dated July 2, 2003. According to the approved plan, by 2010, 28 handicraft clusters will be formed, including Vinh Son snake craft village.
In 2006, the Provincial People's Committee approved the planning of 20.87 hectares of land for livestock farming and solid product processing.
With traditional experience, the efforts of the Party Committee, the government and all the people of Vinh Son commune, the help of leaders, functional officials of the district, province and the central government. After a period of review and appraisal, the provincial approval council submitted to the Provincial People's Committee and on November 24, 2006
The Chairman of Vinh Phuc Provincial People's Committee signed Decision No. 3120/QD-UBND on recognizing Vinh Son snake craft village as a traditional craft village.
Production process:
Snake wine: According to Dr. Hoc, the process of making snake wine is as follows: First, choose the type of snake to soak in wine, the bigger the snake, the better. There are many types: Tam Xa consists of 3 snakes, of which 2 are poisonous snakes (cobra, yellow snake) and 1 is non-poisonous snake (buffalo snake); Ngu Xa consists of 5 snakes, of which 3 are poisonous and 2 are harmless...
After choosing the right type of snake, proceed to clean the snake: Dip the snake in 70 0 C boiling water, remove the scales, make a 15cm cut on the abdomen and make another cut every 15cm, remove all the intestines and internal organs, use paper to absorb all the blood, then put the mixture of wine and ginger to clean the inside of the abdominal cavity. Next, put the snake in a jar and pour wine over the snake. Be careful to remove the snake's teeth to avoid cutting your hands during the cleaning process.
Snake glue: the way to make snake is similar to making snake soaked in alcohol. But there are 2 ways to cook glue.
Cook the whole essence (that is, only use snake, no other herbs). After cleaning the snake, put it in a pot, cover it with water, and simmer for 3 days and 3 nights. After each day, when the amount of water is reduced to 1/8, pour out that amount of water and put the same amount of water back into the pot as before. That amount of essence needs to be kept warm for 3 days or it will spoil. After 3 days, combine the amount of essence obtained and cook over low heat, stirring constantly until it thickens like thin honey. Then switch to the stage of cooking by steaming) or cooking without heat (using a stove sprinkled with sand on top to avoid high heat). Cook until the essence is brown, let cool, cut into pieces and package.
Cook the medicinal herbs (cook with other medicinal herbs). The method for making the snake is similar to the above. While cooking, use 2 pots, one for cooking the snake, one for cooking the herbs. After 3 days of simmering, take the amount of juice from the 2 pots, mix them together and cook the thick paste like cooking the whole medicine.