Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
MTGV2 | 8.95 | 6.213 | .504 | .700 |
MTGV5 | 8.51 | 6,559 | .491 | .705 |
MTGV8 | 8.32 | 6,474 | .542 | .678 |
MTGV11 | 8.78 | 6.015 | .602 | .642 |
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2.10. Thinking scale
2.10.1. Fixed Mindset Subscale
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items | |
.828 | 4 |
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
Tuduy1 | 10.76 | 16,015 | .698 | .763 |
Tuduy2 | 10.60 | 16,817 | .692 | .767 |
Tuduy4 | 11.29 | 16,985 | .633 | .793 |
Tuduy6 | 10.93 | 17,552 | .597 | .808 |
2.10.2. Growth mindset subscale
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items | |
.758 | 3 |
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
Tuduy3 | 10.51 | 6,029 | .623 | .636 |
Tuduy5 | 10.19 | 6,545 | .595 | .671 |
Tuduy8 | 10.48 | 6.203 | .551 | .722 |
2.11. Parenting style scale
2.11.1. Maternal autonomy encouragement subscale
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items | |
.851 | 8 |
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
Me1 | 35.3352 | 68,970 | .627 | .829 |
Me5 | 35.4839 | 68,385 | .663 | .824 |
Me8 | 35.0631 | 69,888 | .659 | .825 |
Me11 | 35.9537 | 68,732 | .603 | .832 |
Me17 | 35.2875 | 72,180 | .580 | .835 |
Me19 | 34.8864 | 72,025 | .636 | .829 |
Me2N | 35.8569 | 72,527 | .434 | .854 |
Me14N | 34.8527 | 71,724 | .555 | .837 |
2.11.2. Maternal involvement subscale
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items | |
.819 | 6 |
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
Me3 | 26.5014 | 35,139 | .642 | .777 |
Me9 | 26.6713 | 35,526 | .650 | .775 |
Me18 | 25.9677 | 38,450 | .615 | .785 |
Men | 25.6938 | 37,431 | .601 | .786 |
Me12n | 25.8750 | 39,125 | .496 | .808 |
Me15N | 25.6952 | 38,724 | .504 | .807 |
2.11.3. Subscale showing maternal warmth
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items | |
.824 | 6 |
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
Me4 | 26.6700 | 35,021 | .655 | .782 |
Me7 | 26.6770 | 37,541 | .561 | .803 |
Me10 | 26.8491 | 36,044 | .647 | .785 |
Me16 | 26.6150 | 38,206 | .615 | .793 |
Me13N | 26.2750 | 38,081 | .556 | .804 |
Me20N | 26.5543 | 37,516 | .525 | .811 |
2.11.4. Father's autonomy encouragement subscale
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items | |
.840 | 8 |
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
Bo22 | 35.4272 | 68,882 | .619 | .814 |
Bo26 | 34.8006 | 70,083 | .655 | .810 |
Bo29 | 35.1499 | 69,615 | .609 | .816 |
Bo32 | 35.1457 | 71,524 | .577 | .820 |
Bo38 | 34.8812 | 70,819 | .647 | .812 |
Bo40 | 34.6888 | 71,268 | .636 | .813 |
Bo23N | 34.7864 | 78,004 | .298 | .856 |
Bo35N | 34.3281 | 71,753 | .564 | .821 |
2.11.5. Father involvement subscale
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items | |
.841 | 6 |
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
Bo24 | 24.3844 | 45,442 | .661 | .807 |
Bo30
24.5277 | 45,860 | .677 | .804 | |
Bo39 | 23.6652 | 48,013 | .672 | .807 |
Bo27N | 23.6241 | 47,766 | .590 | .821 |
Bo33N | 23.6355 | 49,138 | .518 | .836 |
Bo36N | 23.4113 | 47,919 | .608 | .818 |
2.11.6. Subscale showing father's warmth
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
N of Items | |
.824 | 6 |
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Deleted | Scale Variance if Item Deleted | Corrected Item- Total Correlation | Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted | |
Bo25 | 25.7198 | 37,829 | .643 | .785 |
Bo28 | 26.2020 | 37,609 | .600 | .795 |
Bo31 | 25.9915 | 37,011 | .664 | .780 |
Bo37 | 25.6529 | 39,714 | .643 | .787 |
Bo34N | 25.3101 | 41,670 | .470 | .820 |
Bo41N | 25.3770 | 39,899 | .538 | .807 |
3. Comparing intrinsic learning motivation from different perspectives
3.1. By gender
Group Statistics
Sex | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean | |
Intrinsic learning motivation | Male | 370 | 5.5271 | .90989 | .04730 |
Female | 359 | 5.5881 | .84156 | .04442 | |
Learn to understand | Male | 370 | 5.7484 | 1.00846 | .05243 |
Female | 359 | 5.7830 | .98019 | .05173 | |
Learn to improve | Male | 370 | 5.7948 | 1.00559 | .05228 |
Female | 359 | 5.8435 | .87404 | .04613 | |
Learn to experience stimulation | Male | 370 | 5.0381 | 1.12887 | .05869 |
Female | 359 | 5.1377 | 1.08254 | .05713 |
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances | t-test for Equality of Means | ||||||||
F | Sig. | t | df | Sig. (2- tailed) | Mean Difference | Std. Error Difference | 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference | ||
Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Dynamics Equal variances assumed internal set Equal variances not assumed | 1,904 | .168 | -.938 -.939 | 727 725,345 | .348 .348 | -.06095 -.06095 | .06496 .06489 | -.18849 -.18834 | .06659 .06644 |
Learn to understand Equal variances and assume Equal variances not assumed | .011 | .915 | -.469 -.469 | 727 726,998 | .639 .639 | -.03454 -.03454 | .07369 .07365 | -.17920 -.17914 | .11012 .11006 |
Learn to improve
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed | 8,892 | .003 | -.697 -.699 | 727 718,409 | .486 .485 | -.04873 -.04873 | .06987 .06972 | -.18589 -.18561 | .08844 .08815 | |
Learn to experience test | Equal variances assumed | .063 | .802 | - 1,215 | 727 | .225 | -.09959 | .08196 | -.26049 | .06131 |
prefer | Equal variances not assumed | - 1.216 | 726,901 | .224 | -.09959 | .08191 | -.26039 | .06121 |
3.2. By school
Descriptions
N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean | Minimum | Maximum | |||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||||
Learning motivation | Secondary School 3 | 279 | 5.4518 | .90680 | .05429 | 5.3449 | 5.5587 | 2.08 | 7.00 |
inside | Secondary School 1 | 233 | 5.6420 | .86349 | .05657 | 5.5305 | 5.7534 | 1.67 | 7.00 |
Secondary School 2 | 233 | 5.5639 | .87944 | .05761 | 5.4504 | 5.6774 | 2.42 | 7.00 | |
Total | 745 | 5.5463 | .88727 | .03251 | 5.4825 | 5.6102 | 1.67 | 7.00 | |
Learn to understand | Secondary School 3 | 279 | 5.5905 | 1.08580 | .06500 | 5.4625 | 5.7185 | 1.25 | 7.00 |
Secondary School 1 | 233 | 5.9224 | .90551 | .05932 | 5.8055 | 6.0393 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Secondary School 2 | 233 | 5.7740 | .97845 | .06410 | 5.6477 | 5.9003 | 2.00 | 7.00 | |
Total | 745 | 5.7517 | 1.00686 | .03689 | 5.6793 | 5.8241 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Learn to improve | Secondary School 3 | 279 | 5.7103 | .97190 | .05819 | 5.5957 | 5.8248 | 1.50 | 7.00 |
Secondary School 1 | 233 | 5.8602 | .95236 | .06239 | 5.7372 | 5.9831 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Secondary School 2 | 233 | 5.8673 | .91788 | .06013 | 5.7488 | 5.9858 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Total | 745 | 5.8063 | .95080 | .03483 | 5.7379 | 5.8746 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Learn to experience | Secondary School 3 | 279 | 5.0547 | 1.06361 | .06368 | 4.9293 | 5.1800 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
stimulate | Secondary School 1 | 233 | 5.1434 | 1.11386 | .07297 | 4.9996 | 5.2872 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
Secondary School 2 | 233 | 5.0504 | 1.17311 | .07685 | 4.8990 | 5.2018 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Total | 745 | 5.0811 | 1.11377 | .04081 | 5.0010 | 5.1612 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
ANOVA
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | ||
Intrinsic learning motivation | Between Groups | 4,697 | 2 | 2,348 | 2,999 | .050 |
Within Groups | 581,010 | 742 | .783 | |||
Total | 585,706 | 744 | ||||
Learn to understand | Between Groups | 14,154 | 2 | 7,077 | 7,095 | .001 |
Within Groups | 740,087 | 742 | .997 | |||
Total | 754,241 | 744 | ||||
Learn to improve | Between Groups | 4.116 | 2 | 2,058 | 2,284 | .103 |
Within Groups | 668,477 | 742 | .901 | |||
Total | 672,593 | 744 | ||||
Between Groups | 1,319 | 2 | .660 | .531 | .588 |
Learn to experience Within Groups like Total
921,608 922,927 | 742 744 | 1,242 |
Post Hoc Tests
Tukey HSD
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable
(I) School | (J) Truong | Mean Difference (IJ) | Std. Error | Sig. | 95% Confidence Interval | ||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||
Intrinsic learning motivation | Secondary School 3 | Secondary School 1 | -.19018 * | .07853 | .041 | -.3746 | -.0058 |
Secondary School 2 | -.11209 | .07853 | .327 | -.2965 | .0723 | ||
Secondary School 1 | Secondary School 3 | .19018 * | .07853 | .041 | .0058 | .3746 | |
Secondary School 2 | .07809 | .08198 | .607 | -.1144 | .2706 | ||
Secondary School 2 | Secondary School 3 | .11209 | .07853 | .327 | -.0723 | .2965 | |
Secondary School 1 | -.07809 | .08198 | .607 | -.2706 | .1144 | ||
Learn to understand | Secondary School 3 | Secondary School 1 | -.33189 * | .08863 | .001 | -.5400 | -.1237 |
Secondary School 2 | -.18346 | .08863 | .097 | -.3916 | .0247 | ||
Secondary School 1 | Secondary School 3 | .33189 * | .08863 | .001 | .1237 | .5400 | |
Secondary School 2 | .14843 | .09253 | .245 | -.0689 | .3657 | ||
Secondary School 2 | Secondary School 3 | .18346 | .08863 | .097 | -.0247 | .3916 | |
Secondary School 1 | -.14843 | .09253 | .245 | -.3657 | .0689 | ||
Learn to improve | Secondary School 3 | Secondary School 1 Secondary School 2 | -.14988 -.15704 | .08424 .08424 | .177 .150 | -.3477 -.3549 | .0479 .0408 |
Secondary School 1 | Secondary School 3 | .14988 | .08424 | .177 | -.0479 | .3477 | |
Secondary School 2 | -.00715 | .08794 | .996 | -.2137 | .1994 | ||
Secondary School 2 | Secondary School 3 | .15704 | .08424 | .150 | -.0408 | .3549 | |
Secondary School 1 | .00715 | .08794 | .996 | -.1994 | .2137 | ||
Learn to experience | Secondary School 3 | Secondary School 1 | -.08876 | .09891 | .642 | -.3210 | .1435 |
stimulate | Secondary School 2 | .00423 | .09891 | .999 | -.2280 | .2365 | |
Secondary School 1 | Secondary School 3 | .08876 | .09891 | .642 | -.1435 | .3210 | |
Secondary School 2 | .09299 | .10325 | .640 | -.1495 | .3355 | ||
Secondary School 2 | Secondary School 3 | -.00423 | .09891 | .999 | -.2365 | .2280 | |
Secondary School 1 | -.09299 | .10325 | .640 | -.3355 | .1495 | ||
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
3.3. By grade level
Descriptions
N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean | Minimum | Maximum | |||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||||
Internal learning engine | 6 | 173 | 5.8300 | .85360 | .06490 | 5.7019 | 5.9581 | 2.08 | 7.00 |
in | 7 | 160 | 5.4441 | .96678 | .07643 | 5.2931 | 5.5950 | 1.67 | 7.00 |
8 | 199 | 5.5020 | .82904 | .05877 | 5.3861 | 5.6178 | 2.58 | 7.00 | |
9 | 213 | 5.4343 | .86063 | .05897 | 5.3180 | 5.5505 | 2.17 | 7.00 | |
Total | 745 | 5.5463 | .88727 | .03251 | 5.4825 | 5.6102 | 1.67 | 7.00 | |
Learn to understand | 6 | 173 | 6.0448 | .99650 | .07576 | 5.8953 | 6.1943 | 1.25 | 7.00 |
7 | 160 | 5.7016 | 1.08285 | .08561 | 5.5325 | 5.8706 | 2.00 | 7.00 | |
8 | 199 | 5.7307 | .94695 | .06713 | 5.5984 | 5.8631 | 2.33 | 7.00 | |
9 | 213 | 5.5708 | .96430 | .06607 | 5.4406 | 5.7011 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Total | 745 | 5.7517 | 1.00686 | .03689 | 5.6793 | 5.8241 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Learn to improve | 6 | 173 | 6.1045 | .88973 | .06764 | 5.9710 | 6.2380 | 2.50 | 7.00 |
7 | 160 | 5.6505 | 1.00577 | .07951 | 5.4935 | 5.8076 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
8 | 199 | 5.7521 | .89751 | .06362 | 5.6266 | 5.8776 | 2.50 | 7.00 | |
9 | 213 | 5.7316 | .95922 | .06572 | 5.6021 | 5.8612 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Total | 745 | 5.8063 | .95080 | .03483 | 5.7379 | 5.8746 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Learn to experience | 6 | 173 | 5.3406 | 1.11060 | .08444 | 5.1739 | 5.5072 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
stimulate | 7 | 160 | 4.9802 | 1.18846 | .09396 | 4.7946 | 5.1658 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
8 | 199 | 5.0230 | 1.04245 | .07390 | 4.8773 | 5.1688 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
9 | 213 | 5.0004 | 1.09824 | .07525 | 4.8521 | 5.1487 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Total | 745 | 5.0811 | 1.11377 | .04081 | 5.0010 | 5.1612 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
ANOVA
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | ||
Intrinsic learning motivation | Between Groups | 18,656 | 3 | 6,219 | 8,126 | .000 |
Within Groups | 567,050 | 741 | .765 | |||
Total | 585,706 | 744 | ||||
Learn to understand | Between Groups | 22,321 | 3 | 7,440 | 7,533 | .000 |
Within Groups | 731,920 | 741 | .988 | |||
Total | 754,241 | 744 | ||||
Learn to improve | Between Groups | 21,042 | 3 | 7.014 | 7,977 | .000 |
Within Groups | 651,551 | 741 | .879 | |||
Total | 672,593 | 744 | ||||
Learn to experience excitement | Between Groups | 15,333 | 3 | 5.111 | 4,173 | .006 |
prefer | Within Groups | 907,594 | 741 | 1,225 | ||
Total | 922,927 | 744 |
Post Hoc Tests
Tukey HSD
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable (I) Lop (J) Lop
Mean Difference (IJ) | Std. Error | Sig. | 95% Confidence Interval | ||||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||
Intrinsic learning motivation | 6 | 7 | .38586 * | .09595 | .000 | .1388 | .6329 |
8 9 | .32801 * | .09093 .08953 | .002 .000 | .0939 .1652 | .5621 .6262 | ||
.39569 * | |||||||
7 | 6 | -.38586 * | .09595 | .000 | -.6329 | -.1388 | |
8 9 | -.05786 .00982 | .09289 .09152 | .925 1,000 | -.2970 -.2258 | .1813 .2455 | ||
8 | 6 | -.32801 * | .09093 | .002 | -.5621 | -.0939 | |
7 | .05786 | .09289 | .925 | -.1813 | .2970 | ||
9 | .06768 | .08624 | .861 | -.1544 | .2898 | ||
9 | 6 | -.39569 * | .08953 | .000 | -.6262 | -.1652 | |
7 | -.00982 | .09152 | 1,000 | -.2455 | .2258 | ||
8 | -.06768 | .08624 | .861 | -.2898 | .1544 | ||
Learn to understand | 6 | 7 | .34324 * | .10901 | .009 | .0626 | .6239 |
8 | .31406 * | .10331 | .013 | .0480 | .5801 | ||
9 | .47398 * | .10172 | .000 | .2121 | .7359 | ||
7 | 6 | -.34324 * | .10901 | .009 | -.6239 | -.0626 | |
8 | -.02917 | .10553 | .993 | -.3009 | .2426 | ||
9 | .13075 | .10397 | .590 | -.1370 | .3985 | ||
8 | 6 | -.31406 * | .10331 | .013 | -.5801 | -.0480 | |
7 | .02917 | .10553 | .993 | -.2426 | .3009 | ||
9 | .15992 | .09798 | .361 | -.0924 | .4122 | ||
9 | 6 | -.47398 * | .10172 | .000 | -.7359 | -.2121 | |
7 | -.13075 | .10397 | .590 | -.3985 | .1370 | ||
8 | -.15992 | .09798 | .361 | -.4122 | .0924 | ||
Learn to improve | 6 | 7 | .45401 * | .10285 | .000 | .1892 | .7188 |
8 | .35243 * | .09747 | .002 | .1015 | .6034 | ||
9 | .37292 * | .09597 | .001 | .1258 | .6200 | ||
7 | 6 | -.45401 * | .10285 | .000 | -.7188 | -.1892 | |
8 | -.10157 | .09957 | .738 | -.3580 | .1548 | ||
9 | -.08109 | .09810 | .842 | -.3337 | .1715 | ||
8 | 6 | -.35243 * | .09747 | .002 | -.6034 | -.1015 | |
7 | .10157 | .09957 | .738 | -.1548 | .3580 | ||
9 | .02048 | .09245 | .996 | -.2176 | .2585 | ||
9 | 6 | -.37292 * | .09597 | .001 | -.6200 | -.1258 | |
7 | .08109 | .09810 | .842 | -.1715 | .3337 | ||
8 | -.02048 | .09245 | .996 | -.2585 | .2176 | ||
Learn to experience excitement | 6 | 7 | .36035 * | .12139 | .016 | .0478 | .6729 |
prefer | 8 | .31753 * | .11504 | .030 | .0213 | .6137 | |
9 | .34017 * | .11327 | .015 | .0485 | .6318 | ||
7 | 6 | -.36035 * | .12139 | .016 | -.6729 | -.0478 | |
8 | -.04282 | .11752 | .983 | -.3454 | .2598 | ||
9 | -.02018 | .11578 | .998 | -.3183 | .2779 | ||
8 | 6 | -.31753 * | .11504 | .030 | -.6137 | -.0213 | |
7 | .04282 | .11752 | .983 | -.2598 | .3454 | ||
9 | .02264 | .10911 | .997 | -.2583 | .3036 | ||
9 | 6 | -.34017 * | .11327 | .015 | -.6318 | -.0485 | |
7 | .02018 | .11578 | .998 | -.2779 | .3183 | ||
8 | -.02264 | .10911 | .997 | -.3036 | .2583 |
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
3.4. By academic performance
Descriptions
N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean | Minimum | Maximum | |||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||||
Mechanical | Good | 442 | 5.5632 | .87401 | .04157 | 5.4815 | 5.6449 | 2.08 | 7.00 |
inside set | Rather | 221 | 5.5814 | .82283 | .05535 | 5.4724 | 5.6905 | 1.67 | 7.00 |
Average and Weak | 73 | 5.3250 | 1.09413 | .12806 | 5.0697 | 5.5802 | 2.17 | 6.83 | |
Total | 736 | 5.5450 | .88525 | .03263 | 5.4810 | 5.6091 | 1.67 | 7.00 | |
Learn to understand | Good | 442 | 5.7117 | 1.02245 | .04863 | 5.6161 | 5.8073 | 1.25 | 7.00 |
know | Rather | 221 | 5.8643 | .89318 | .06008 | 5.7458 | 5.9827 | 2.50 | 7.00 |
Average and Weak | 73 | 5.6084 | 1.18965 | .13924 | 5.3309 | 5.8860 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Total | 736 | 5.7473 | 1.00572 | .03707 | 5.6745 | 5.8201 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Learn to progress | Good | 442 | 5.8541 | .92059 | .04379 | 5.7680 | 5.9401 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
set | Rather | 221 | 5.8247 | .93627 | .06298 | 5.7005 | 5.9488 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
Average and Weak | 73 | 5.4623 | 1.10450 | .12927 | 5.2046 | 5.7200 | 2.50 | 7.00 | |
Total | 736 | 5.8064 | .95058 | .03504 | 5.7376 | 5.8752 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
Learn to experience | Good | 442 | 5.1237 | 1.08333 | .05153 | 5.0224 | 5.2250 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
test | Rather | 221 | 5.0554 | 1.06936 | .07193 | 4.9137 | 5.1972 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
prefer | Average and Weak | 73 | 4.9041 | 1.38546 | .16216 | 4.5809 | 5.2274 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
Total | 736 | 5.0814 | 1.11305 | .04103 | 5.0009 | 5.1620 | 1.00 | 7.00 | |
ANOVA
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | ||
Intrinsic learning motivation | Between Groups | 3,974 | 2 | 1,987 | 2,546 | .079 |
Within Groups | 572,018 | 733 | .780 | |||
Total | 575,992 | 735 | ||||
Learn to understand | Between Groups | 4,990 | 2 | 2,495 | 2,476 | .085 |
Within Groups | 738,435 | 733 | 1,007 | |||
Total | 743,425 | 735 | ||||
Learn to improve | Between Groups | 9,720 | 2 | 4,860 | 5.444 | .005 |
Within Groups | 654,426 | 733 | .893 | |||
Total | 664.146 | 735 | ||||
Learn to experience excitement | Between Groups | 3.234 | 2 | 1,617 | 1,306 | .271 |
prefer | Within Groups | 907.340 | 733 | 1,238 | ||
Total | 910,574 | 735 |
Post Hoc Tests
Tukey HSD
Multiple Comparisons





