Intrinsic learning motivation of secondary school students - 25



Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

MTGV2

8.95

6.213

.504

.700

MTGV5

8.51

6,559

.491

.705

MTGV8

8.32

6,474

.542

.678

MTGV11

8.78

6.015

.602

.642

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Intrinsic learning motivation of secondary school students - 25

2.10. Thinking scale

2.10.1. Fixed Mindset Subscale

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha

N of Items

.828

4

Item-Total Statistics


Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

Tuduy1

10.76

16,015

.698

.763

Tuduy2

10.60

16,817

.692

.767

Tuduy4

11.29

16,985

.633

.793

Tuduy6

10.93

17,552

.597

.808

2.10.2. Growth mindset subscale

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha

N of Items

.758

3

Item-Total Statistics


Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

Tuduy3

10.51

6,029

.623

.636

Tuduy5

10.19

6,545

.595

.671

Tuduy8

10.48

6.203

.551

.722

2.11. Parenting style scale

2.11.1. Maternal autonomy encouragement subscale

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha

N of Items

.851

8

Item-Total Statistics


Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

Me1

35.3352

68,970

.627

.829

Me5

35.4839

68,385

.663

.824

Me8

35.0631

69,888

.659

.825

Me11

35.9537

68,732

.603

.832

Me17

35.2875

72,180

.580

.835

Me19

34.8864

72,025

.636

.829

Me2N

35.8569

72,527

.434

.854

Me14N

34.8527

71,724

.555

.837

2.11.2. Maternal involvement subscale

Reliability Statistics


Cronbach's Alpha

N of Items

.819

6

Item-Total Statistics


Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

Me3

26.5014

35,139

.642

.777

Me9

26.6713

35,526

.650

.775

Me18

25.9677

38,450

.615

.785

Men

25.6938

37,431

.601

.786

Me12n

25.8750

39,125

.496

.808

Me15N

25.6952

38,724

.504

.807

2.11.3. Subscale showing maternal warmth

Reliability Statistics


Cronbach's Alpha

N of Items

.824

6

Item-Total Statistics


Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

Me4

26.6700

35,021

.655

.782

Me7

26.6770

37,541

.561

.803

Me10

26.8491

36,044

.647

.785

Me16

26.6150

38,206

.615

.793

Me13N

26.2750

38,081

.556

.804

Me20N

26.5543

37,516

.525

.811

2.11.4. Father's autonomy encouragement subscale

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha

N of Items

.840

8

Item-Total Statistics


Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

Bo22

35.4272

68,882

.619

.814

Bo26

34.8006

70,083

.655

.810

Bo29

35.1499

69,615

.609

.816

Bo32

35.1457

71,524

.577

.820

Bo38

34.8812

70,819

.647

.812

Bo40

34.6888

71,268

.636

.813

Bo23N

34.7864

78,004

.298

.856

Bo35N

34.3281

71,753

.564

.821

2.11.5. Father involvement subscale

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha

N of Items

.841

6

Item-Total Statistics


Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

Bo24

24.3844

45,442

.661

.807


Bo30

24.5277

45,860

.677

.804

Bo39

23.6652

48,013

.672

.807

Bo27N

23.6241

47,766

.590

.821

Bo33N

23.6355

49,138

.518

.836

Bo36N

23.4113

47,919

.608

.818

2.11.6. Subscale showing father's warmth

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha

N of Items

.824

6

Item-Total Statistics


Scale Mean if

Item Deleted

Scale Variance if

Item Deleted

Corrected Item-

Total Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha

if Item Deleted

Bo25

25.7198

37,829

.643

.785

Bo28

26.2020

37,609

.600

.795

Bo31

25.9915

37,011

.664

.780

Bo37

25.6529

39,714

.643

.787

Bo34N

25.3101

41,670

.470

.820

Bo41N

25.3770

39,899

.538

.807

3. Comparing intrinsic learning motivation from different perspectives

3.1. By gender

Group Statistics


Sex

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Intrinsic learning motivation

Male

370

5.5271

.90989

.04730


Female

359

5.5881

.84156

.04442

Learn to understand

Male

370

5.7484

1.00846

.05243


Female

359

5.7830

.98019

.05173

Learn to improve

Male

370

5.7948

1.00559

.05228


Female

359

5.8435

.87404

.04613

Learn to experience stimulation

Male

370

5.0381

1.12887

.05869


Female

359

5.1377

1.08254

.05713


Independent Samples Test


Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances


t-test for Equality of Means


F


Sig.


t


df


Sig. (2-

tailed)


Mean Difference


Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower

Upper

Dynamics Equal variances assumed internal set

Equal variances not assumed

1,904

.168

-.938


-.939

727


725,345

.348


.348

-.06095


-.06095

.06496


.06489

-.18849


-.18834

.06659


.06644

Learn to understand Equal variances and assume

Equal variances

not assumed

.011

.915

-.469


-.469

727


726,998

.639


.639

-.03454


-.03454

.07369


.07365

-.17920


-.17914

.11012


.11006


Learn to improve

Equal variances assumed

Equal variances

not assumed

8,892

.003

-.697


-.699

727


718,409

.486


.485

-.04873


-.04873

.06987


.06972

-.18589


-.18561

.08844


.08815

Learn to experience

test

Equal variances

assumed

.063

.802

-

1,215

727

.225

-.09959

.08196

-.26049

.06131

prefer

Equal variances not assumed



- 1.216

726,901

.224

-.09959

.08191

-.26039

.06121


3.2. By school


Descriptions




N


Mean


Std.

Deviation


Std. Error

95% Confidence

Interval for Mean


Minimum


Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Learning motivation

Secondary School 3

279

5.4518

.90680

.05429

5.3449

5.5587

2.08

7.00

inside

Secondary School 1

233

5.6420

.86349

.05657

5.5305

5.7534

1.67

7.00


Secondary School 2

233

5.5639

.87944

.05761

5.4504

5.6774

2.42

7.00


Total

745

5.5463

.88727

.03251

5.4825

5.6102

1.67

7.00

Learn to understand

Secondary School 3

279

5.5905

1.08580

.06500

5.4625

5.7185

1.25

7.00


Secondary School 1

233

5.9224

.90551

.05932

5.8055

6.0393

1.00

7.00


Secondary School 2

233

5.7740

.97845

.06410

5.6477

5.9003

2.00

7.00


Total

745

5.7517

1.00686

.03689

5.6793

5.8241

1.00

7.00

Learn to improve

Secondary School 3

279

5.7103

.97190

.05819

5.5957

5.8248

1.50

7.00


Secondary School 1

233

5.8602

.95236

.06239

5.7372

5.9831

1.00

7.00


Secondary School 2

233

5.8673

.91788

.06013

5.7488

5.9858

1.00

7.00


Total

745

5.8063

.95080

.03483

5.7379

5.8746

1.00

7.00

Learn to experience

Secondary School 3

279

5.0547

1.06361

.06368

4.9293

5.1800

1.00

7.00

stimulate

Secondary School 1

233

5.1434

1.11386

.07297

4.9996

5.2872

1.00

7.00


Secondary School 2

233

5.0504

1.17311

.07685

4.8990

5.2018

1.00

7.00


Total

745

5.0811

1.11377

.04081

5.0010

5.1612

1.00

7.00


ANOVA


Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

Intrinsic learning motivation

Between Groups

4,697

2

2,348

2,999

.050


Within Groups

581,010

742

.783




Total

585,706

744




Learn to understand

Between Groups

14,154

2

7,077

7,095

.001


Within Groups

740,087

742

.997




Total

754,241

744




Learn to improve

Between Groups

4.116

2

2,058

2,284

.103


Within Groups

668,477

742

.901




Total

672,593

744





Between Groups

1,319

2

.660

.531

.588


Learn to experience Within Groups like Total

921,608

922,927

742

744

1,242




Post Hoc Tests


Tukey HSD


Multiple Comparisons



Dependent Variable


(I) School


(J) Truong

Mean Difference (IJ)


Std. Error


Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Intrinsic learning motivation

Secondary School 3

Secondary School 1

-.19018 *

.07853

.041

-.3746

-.0058

Secondary School 2

-.11209

.07853

.327

-.2965

.0723

Secondary School 1

Secondary School 3

.19018 *

.07853

.041

.0058

.3746

Secondary School 2

.07809

.08198

.607

-.1144

.2706

Secondary School 2

Secondary School 3

.11209

.07853

.327

-.0723

.2965


Secondary School 1

-.07809

.08198

.607

-.2706

.1144

Learn to understand

Secondary School 3

Secondary School 1

-.33189 *

.08863

.001

-.5400

-.1237

Secondary School 2

-.18346

.08863

.097

-.3916

.0247

Secondary School 1

Secondary School 3

.33189 *

.08863

.001

.1237

.5400


Secondary School 2

.14843

.09253

.245

-.0689

.3657

Secondary School 2

Secondary School 3

.18346

.08863

.097

-.0247

.3916

Secondary School 1

-.14843

.09253

.245

-.3657

.0689

Learn to improve

Secondary School 3

Secondary School 1

Secondary School 2

-.14988

-.15704

.08424

.08424

.177

.150

-.3477

-.3549

.0479

.0408

Secondary School 1

Secondary School 3

.14988

.08424

.177

-.0479

.3477

Secondary School 2

-.00715

.08794

.996

-.2137

.1994

Secondary School 2

Secondary School 3

.15704

.08424

.150

-.0408

.3549


Secondary School 1

.00715

.08794

.996

-.1994

.2137

Learn to experience

Secondary School 3

Secondary School 1

-.08876

.09891

.642

-.3210

.1435

stimulate


Secondary School 2

.00423

.09891

.999

-.2280

.2365


Secondary School 1

Secondary School 3

.08876

.09891

.642

-.1435

.3210



Secondary School 2

.09299

.10325

.640

-.1495

.3355


Secondary School 2

Secondary School 3

-.00423

.09891

.999

-.2365

.2280



Secondary School 1

-.09299

.10325

.640

-.3355

.1495

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.


3.3. By grade level


Descriptions




N


Mean


Std.

Deviation


Std. Error

95% Confidence Interval

for Mean


Minimum


Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Internal learning engine

6

173

5.8300

.85360

.06490

5.7019

5.9581

2.08

7.00

in

7

160

5.4441

.96678

.07643

5.2931

5.5950

1.67

7.00


8

199

5.5020

.82904

.05877

5.3861

5.6178

2.58

7.00


9

213

5.4343

.86063

.05897

5.3180

5.5505

2.17

7.00



Total

745

5.5463

.88727

.03251

5.4825

5.6102

1.67

7.00

Learn to understand

6

173

6.0448

.99650

.07576

5.8953

6.1943

1.25

7.00


7

160

5.7016

1.08285

.08561

5.5325

5.8706

2.00

7.00


8

199

5.7307

.94695

.06713

5.5984

5.8631

2.33

7.00


9

213

5.5708

.96430

.06607

5.4406

5.7011

1.00

7.00


Total

745

5.7517

1.00686

.03689

5.6793

5.8241

1.00

7.00

Learn to improve

6

173

6.1045

.88973

.06764

5.9710

6.2380

2.50

7.00


7

160

5.6505

1.00577

.07951

5.4935

5.8076

1.00

7.00


8

199

5.7521

.89751

.06362

5.6266

5.8776

2.50

7.00


9

213

5.7316

.95922

.06572

5.6021

5.8612

1.00

7.00


Total

745

5.8063

.95080

.03483

5.7379

5.8746

1.00

7.00

Learn to experience

6

173

5.3406

1.11060

.08444

5.1739

5.5072

1.00

7.00

stimulate

7

160

4.9802

1.18846

.09396

4.7946

5.1658

1.00

7.00


8

199

5.0230

1.04245

.07390

4.8773

5.1688

1.00

7.00


9

213

5.0004

1.09824

.07525

4.8521

5.1487

1.00

7.00


Total

745

5.0811

1.11377

.04081

5.0010

5.1612

1.00

7.00


ANOVA


Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

Intrinsic learning motivation

Between Groups

18,656

3

6,219

8,126

.000


Within Groups

567,050

741

.765




Total

585,706

744




Learn to understand

Between Groups

22,321

3

7,440

7,533

.000


Within Groups

731,920

741

.988




Total

754,241

744




Learn to improve

Between Groups

21,042

3

7.014

7,977

.000


Within Groups

651,551

741

.879




Total

672,593

744




Learn to experience excitement

Between Groups

15,333

3

5.111

4,173

.006

prefer

Within Groups

907,594

741

1,225




Total

922,927

744





Post Hoc Tests


Tukey HSD


Multiple Comparisons



Dependent Variable (I) Lop (J) Lop

Mean Difference (IJ)


Std. Error


Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Intrinsic learning motivation

6

7

.38586 *

.09595

.000

.1388

.6329

8

9

.32801 *

.09093

.08953

.002

.000

.0939

.1652

.5621

.6262

.39569 *

7

6

-.38586 *

.09595

.000

-.6329

-.1388

8

9

-.05786

.00982

.09289

.09152

.925

1,000

-.2970

-.2258

.1813

.2455



8

6

-.32801 *

.09093

.002

-.5621

-.0939


7

.05786

.09289

.925

-.1813

.2970

9

.06768

.08624

.861

-.1544

.2898

9

6

-.39569 *

.08953

.000

-.6262

-.1652

7

-.00982

.09152

1,000

-.2455

.2258

8

-.06768

.08624

.861

-.2898

.1544

Learn to understand

6

7

.34324 *

.10901

.009

.0626

.6239



8

.31406 *

.10331

.013

.0480

.5801



9

.47398 *

.10172

.000

.2121

.7359


7

6

-.34324 *

.10901

.009

-.6239

-.0626



8

-.02917

.10553

.993

-.3009

.2426



9

.13075

.10397

.590

-.1370

.3985


8

6

-.31406 *

.10331

.013

-.5801

-.0480



7

.02917

.10553

.993

-.2426

.3009



9

.15992

.09798

.361

-.0924

.4122


9

6

-.47398 *

.10172

.000

-.7359

-.2121



7

-.13075

.10397

.590

-.3985

.1370



8

-.15992

.09798

.361

-.4122

.0924

Learn to improve

6

7

.45401 *

.10285

.000

.1892

.7188



8

.35243 *

.09747

.002

.1015

.6034



9

.37292 *

.09597

.001

.1258

.6200


7

6

-.45401 *

.10285

.000

-.7188

-.1892



8

-.10157

.09957

.738

-.3580

.1548



9

-.08109

.09810

.842

-.3337

.1715


8

6

-.35243 *

.09747

.002

-.6034

-.1015



7

.10157

.09957

.738

-.1548

.3580



9

.02048

.09245

.996

-.2176

.2585


9

6

-.37292 *

.09597

.001

-.6200

-.1258



7

.08109

.09810

.842

-.1715

.3337



8

-.02048

.09245

.996

-.2585

.2176

Learn to experience excitement

6

7

.36035 *

.12139

.016

.0478

.6729

prefer


8

.31753 *

.11504

.030

.0213

.6137



9

.34017 *

.11327

.015

.0485

.6318


7

6

-.36035 *

.12139

.016

-.6729

-.0478



8

-.04282

.11752

.983

-.3454

.2598



9

-.02018

.11578

.998

-.3183

.2779


8

6

-.31753 *

.11504

.030

-.6137

-.0213



7

.04282

.11752

.983

-.2598

.3454



9

.02264

.10911

.997

-.2583

.3036


9

6

-.34017 *

.11327

.015

-.6318

-.0485



7

.02018

.11578

.998

-.2779

.3183



8

-.02264

.10911

.997

-.3036

.2583

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.


3.4. By academic performance


Descriptions



N


Mean


Std.

Deviation


Std. Error

95% Confidence Interval

for Mean


Minimum


Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Mechanical

Good

442

5.5632

.87401

.04157

5.4815

5.6449

2.08

7.00

inside set

Rather

221

5.5814

.82283

.05535

5.4724

5.6905

1.67

7.00


Average and Weak

73

5.3250

1.09413

.12806

5.0697

5.5802

2.17

6.83


Total

736

5.5450

.88525

.03263

5.4810

5.6091

1.67

7.00

Learn to understand

Good

442

5.7117

1.02245

.04863

5.6161

5.8073

1.25

7.00

know

Rather

221

5.8643

.89318

.06008

5.7458

5.9827

2.50

7.00


Average and Weak

73

5.6084

1.18965

.13924

5.3309

5.8860

1.00

7.00


Total

736

5.7473

1.00572

.03707

5.6745

5.8201

1.00

7.00

Learn to progress

Good

442

5.8541

.92059

.04379

5.7680

5.9401

1.00

7.00

set

Rather

221

5.8247

.93627

.06298

5.7005

5.9488

1.00

7.00


Average and Weak

73

5.4623

1.10450

.12927

5.2046

5.7200

2.50

7.00


Total

736

5.8064

.95058

.03504

5.7376

5.8752

1.00

7.00

Learn to experience

Good

442

5.1237

1.08333

.05153

5.0224

5.2250

1.00

7.00

test

Rather

221

5.0554

1.06936

.07193

4.9137

5.1972

1.00

7.00

prefer

Average and Weak


73


4.9041


1.38546


.16216


4.5809


5.2274


1.00


7.00


Total

736

5.0814

1.11305

.04103

5.0009

5.1620

1.00

7.00


ANOVA


Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

Intrinsic learning motivation

Between Groups

3,974

2

1,987

2,546

.079


Within Groups

572,018

733

.780




Total

575,992

735




Learn to understand

Between Groups

4,990

2

2,495

2,476

.085


Within Groups

738,435

733

1,007




Total

743,425

735




Learn to improve

Between Groups

9,720

2

4,860

5.444

.005


Within Groups

654,426

733

.893




Total

664.146

735




Learn to experience excitement

Between Groups

3.234

2

1,617

1,306

.271

prefer

Within Groups

907.340

733

1,238




Total

910,574

735





Post Hoc Tests


Tukey HSD


Multiple Comparisons

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