Before, the purpose of the trip is not to carry out any income-generating activities within the area visited.
From an economic perspective, American economist Miechael Coltman defined: "Tourism is a complex socio-economic industry, generating economic and non-economic relationships that interact between four groups of components: tourists, tourism businesses, local residents and local authorities at tourist destinations."
In Vietnam's tourism ordinance, in article 10, the term "tourism" is explained as follows: "Tourism is a human activity outside of one's permanent residence to satisfy the needs of sightseeing, entertainment, and relaxation for a certain period of time".
Thus, tourism is an activity with many characteristics, including many participating components, forming a very complex whole. Tourism activities have the characteristics of an economic sector and also the characteristics of a cultural-social sector. The tourism industry is simply defined as an industry, a part of the economy, whose function is to serve the needs of tourists.
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To create tourism services to satisfy the needs of tourists, it requires corresponding types of tourism businesses. Currently, in the tourism industry, 5 main business sectors have been formed and developed:
1. Travel business
2. Tourist transportation business
3. Accommodation and tourism catering business
4. Business development of tourist areas and tourist attractions
5. Other tourism service business
Based on the main function and nature of operation, components (2), (3), (4), (5) are classified into the group of tourism producers, and (1) is classified into the group of tourism product distributors.
1.1. 2. Concept of tourists
The International Conference on Tourism held in Rome in 1963 proposed the following concepts:
Traveller: is a person who leaves his/her usual place of residence to go somewhere for different purposes and return.
Excursionist: are people who leave their usual place of residence to go somewhere, with different purposes, except for the purpose of working and receiving remuneration at the destination; with a stay at the destination of no more than 24 hours (or without using any night's accommodation).
Visitors: are people who leave their regular place of residence to go to a certain place and return with different purposes; except for the purpose of working and receiving remuneration at the destination.
Tourists: are people who leave their regular place of residence to go somewhere and return, with different purposes, except for the purpose of working as paid workers at the destination; stay is 24 hours or more (or using one night's accommodation) and not more than a certain period of time (specified by each country).
In which, tourists are divided into three different types: domestic tourists, international tourists and foreign tourists coming to Vietnam.
Domestic Tourist: Citizens of a country and foreigners residing in that country traveling within the territory of that country.
Outbound Tourist: Citizens of a country and foreigners living in that country who travel abroad for tourism.
Inbound Tourist: foreigners and people of a country residing abroad who enter that country to travel.
calendar.
1.2. Concept of travel and travel services
1.2.1. Travel:
Includes all human movement activities as well as activities related to that movement. With a scope of reference
So, tourism activities include travel elements. But not all travel activities are tourism. For example, in the business of an airline, the target customers are not only tourists but also diplomats, businessmen, etc. Therefore, people can use the term "travel" to refer to travel activities and other activities related to trips for tourism purposes.
To distinguish travel business activities from other tourism business activities such as hotel, restaurant, passenger transportation, etc., people limit travel business activities to include only activities of organizing tourism programs.
Vietnam Tourism Law defines: "Travel is the construction, sale, organization and implementation of part or all of a tourism program for tourists".
1.2.2. Characteristics of Travel services
Travel services are similar to other types of service businesses, they have common characteristics:
Travel services are intangible and non-material.
Travel services are not something that can be weighed, measured, touched, tasted to check, and selected before buying, but people have to consume it to have a feeling. And travel services are also something that is difficult to standardize. Therefore, the quality of the service depends on the individual feelings of each person receiving and using the service.
Travel services have the simultaneous nature of production and consumption. Like other types of services, the service creation process is closely linked to
with the process of service consumption. When a tourism program is
This is also the time when tourists consume the services provided by the travel agency.
Travel services are non-transferable in nature.
Tourists buy products such as tourism programs, but during the service consumption process, tourists do not have ownership of the goods and services (natural landscapes, scenic spots, cultural relics, etc.) they have purchased, but rather the experience of those services.
Travel services are non-portable and non-storable as well as non-transferable in ownership, when tourists carry out
To consume tourist services (sightseeing, sightseeing), you have to go there.
but cannot be transferred. The processes of production and consumption are inseparable, so it has the characteristic of being non-storable.
Travel services are highly seasonal and always changing.
Tourism service business activities are seasonal, with peak and low seasons. Due to the nature of tourism services, they only arise and are performed when there is a need and one of the conditions to fulfill that need is the free time of tourists and the weather conditions of the tourist destination. Seasonality in tourism exists due to the impact of a variety of factors such as: natural factors, socio-economic factors, organizational factors, techniques, psychological factors, etc.
Seasonality in tourism is common in all countries and regions with tourism activities. A country or a tourist region may have one or more tourism seasons and the length of time and intensity of the season are not the same for different types of tourism.
Travel services are heterogeneous
This characteristic is expressed in the fact that the quality of different trips is not the same, not repetitive. Because they are built based on the needs of customer groups and on the inherent characteristics of the tourist destination as well as the capabilities of the travel agency.
1.3. Travel business
1.3.1. Concept
According to the definition of the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, “Travel business is the implementation of market research activities, establishing full or partial tour programs, advertising and selling these programs directly or indirectly through intermediaries or representative offices, organizing program implementation and tour guiding”.
1. 3.2. Classification of travel business.
Based on the nature of the activity to create products: there are types of travel agency business, tourism program business, and general business.
- Travel agency business mainly operates as an intermediary service to consume and sell products independently and individually for tourism producers to receive commissions at a rate of % of the selling price, without increasing the value of the product in the process of transferring from the production sector to the tourism consumption sector. The main intermediary services of travel agencies include: booking and selling airline tickets, booking and selling tickets on other means of transport such as: ships, railways, cars, etc.
- The tourism program business operates in a wholesale manner, carrying out "production" to increase the value of individual products of suppliers to sell to customers. With this business activity, its subject must bear the risk, share the risk in relations with other suppliers. Enterprises carrying out tourism program business are called travel companies. The basis of this activity is to link individual products of independent suppliers into products with
The whole product is sold at a lump sum price to customers, while increasing the value of the product for consumers through the labor of marketing, operations and guidance experts.
- Comprehensive travel business of all tourism services, which means both producing each type of service and combining services into a complete product, both wholesaling and retailing, and implementing the sold program. Enterprises that carry out comprehensive travel business are called travel companies.
Based on the method and scope of operation: there are types of travel business sending guests, travel business receiving guests and combined travel business.
- Travel business including sending international and domestic tourists is a type of business whose main activity is to organize and attract tourists directly to bring them to tourist destinations. This type of travel business is suitable for places with high tourism demand. Businesses that carry out the business of sending tourists are called travel companies.
- The travel business that receives guests includes both international and domestic guests. It is a type of business whose main activity is to build tourism programs in relation to travel agencies that send guests to sell tourism programs and organize tourism programs that have been sold to guests through travel agencies that send guests. This type of business is suitable for places with famous tourism resources. Travel businesses of this type are called guest receiving companies.
- Combined travel business means the combination of sending travel business and receiving travel business. This type of business is suitable for large-scale enterprises with enough resources to carry out receiving and sending travel activities. Enterprises that carry out combined travel business are called general travel companies.
Based on the provisions of the Vietnam Tourism Law, there are the following types:
- Travel business for tourists entering Vietnam.
- Travel business for tourists going abroad.
- Travel business for tourists entering Vietnam and tourists going abroad.
-Domestic travel business
Thus, it can be understood that international travel business is a type of travel business whose target is tourists entering Vietnam and Vietnamese tourists going abroad.
II. BASIC CONTENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL BUSINESS AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
2.1. Contents of international travel business activities
2.1.1 Market research
Market research is an activity that is conducted regularly and plays a very important role in the business activities of travel companies. Market research activities focus on analyzing the demand for tourism services of domestic and foreign tourists as well as changing demand trends.
After determining the total supply and demand for the intended service, the price of the service, etc., the business must conduct detailed research on the specific market:
- Who is the target customer?
- What is the need?
- What is the purpose of service consumption?
- Service quality requirements
- Time and method of implementation
Market research by travel companies focuses on clarifying the following issues:
+ Route relationship – trip purpose:
Each tour usually has its own purposes, such as cultural tourism, resort tourism, eco-tourism, MICE tourism, etc. The basis for building the routes in the tour is to determine the purpose of the trip. For example, a cultural tourism program has routes that are historical relics, cultural and festival activities, etc. If tourists combine many different purposes such as business with relaxation, the content of the routes is also diverse and rich.
+ Relationship between tour length and idle time: