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Housing changes of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune since the renovation until now - Vu Thi Dieu - 1

HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

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VU THI DIEU

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CHANGES IN THE HOUSES OF THE BLACK THAI PEOPLE IN BINH SON COMMUNE SINCE THE RENOVATION

Housing changes of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune since the renovation until now - Vu Thi Dieu - 1


Master's thesis major: Anthropology Code: 60 31 03 02


Scientific supervisor: Dr. Vi Van An


Hanoi-2016

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To complete my Master's thesis " Transformation of Black Thai houses in Binh Son commune since the renovation until now ", I would like to express my gratitude.

Dr. Vi Van An, Vietnam Museum of Ethnology - The teacher who wholeheartedly helped and guided me during the process of doing this topic. Associate Professor, Dr. Le Sy Giao, the teacher who guided me in researching about Thai people in Thanh Hoa and wholeheartedly helped me professionally in both studying and researching.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to the teachers in the Faculty of Anthropology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities for helping me throughout my studies and research here.

Thank you very much!


Hanoi, May 27, 2016


Vu Thi Dieu

INDEX


INTRODUCTION

1. Reasons for choosing topic 1

2. Research objective 3

3. Research object and scope 3

4. Overview of research documents 4

5. Source of information 7

6. Concepts and theoretical approaches 7

6.1 Some concepts 7

6.2. Theoretical approach 11

7. Research methods 14

8. Contribution of the thesis 17

9. Thesis layout 18

CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH AREA AND ETHNIC GROUPS

1.1. Overview of the research area 19

1.1.1. Geographical location 19

1.1.2. Natural conditions 21

1.2. Overview of the researched ethnic group 25

1.2.1. Population and population distribution 25

1.2.2. Name and residence history 31

1.2.3. Economic activities 33

1.2.4. Cultural forms 40

Chapter 1 Summary 48

CHAPTER 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES

2.1. General issues 49

2.2. Concept and classification of houses of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune.. 51 2.3. House building process 53

2.3.1. Material preparation 53

2.3.2. House construction techniques 55

2.3.3. House building process 57

2.3. 4. Living space layout 61

2.4. Rituals during house building process 64

2.4.1. Choosing land and house direction 64

2.4.2. Choosing the date, time and rituals during the house building process 66

2.5. Taboos in house 68

Chapter 2 Summary 70

CHAPTER 3

HOUSING CHANGES AND FACTORS LEADING TO CHANGES

3.1. Premises and process of home transformation 71

3.2. Variable factors 72

3.2.1. Changes in housing types 73

3.2.2. Changes in construction materials 74

2.2.3. Change of workers, tools, units of measurement 75

3.2.4. Changes in house construction techniques and processes 79

2.2.5. Changing the living space in the house 80

2.2.6. Changing customs and practices related to the house 82

3.3. Factors leading to housing transformation 85

3.3.1. Policy and institutions 86

3.3.2. Environmental factors 89

3.3.3. Economic factors 90

3.3.4. Cultural exchange between ethnic groups 92

3.3.5. Changing people's awareness 93

Chapter 3 Summary 94

CONCLUSION 95

REFERENCES 98

APPENDIX 103

INTRODUCTION

1. Reason for choosing the topic

Housing is one of the elements of material culture, a typical expression of ethnic culture. Through housing, one can identify one ethnic group from another. Research on housing and factors related to the house to see the characteristics of cultural exchange and the process of development and adaptation of ethnic culture.

Stilt houses are the traditional form of residence of the Thai people. However, in the current period, stilt houses are being replaced by houses in the architectural style of the Vietnamese people and along with it is the change in the way of using living space, customs, religions, and beliefs related to the house. So how has the process of changing the architecture of the houses of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune taken place? What are the causes of the change in this type of housing? How has the issue of socio-economic development after the renovation impacted and influenced the change in the material culture of the Thai people in general and houses in particular? These are the main questions raised in the topic and also the reason why I chose houses as the research object for my Master's thesis in Anthropology.

To carry out this topic, I chose Binh Son commune, Trieu Son district, Thanh Hoa province as the research area. I chose this area for three main reasons: First , Binh Son is a mountainous commune of Trieu Son district, occupying

¾ of the area is mountainous. The population in the commune used to be mainly Black Thai people, with a small number of Muong people, but since the 327 project, Kinh people in some communes in the district with high population density migrated to build a new economy in the mountainous area of ​​Tay Trieu Son. The Kinh people migrated to this area, they created villages to live and reside intermingled with the Thai people. The intermingling process led to the exchange and acceptance of the culture of the majority ethnic group, thereby forming new cultural features of this ethnic group.

Second , since 1990, the stilt house - the traditional housing type of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune has undergone rapid and strong changes. Currently, in the villages of the Thai people, there is no longer a stilt house used as a house. Research on: " The transformation of the stilt house of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune since the renovation" to see the changing trends in the housing type of the Thai people and the reasons leading to this change.

Third , the reason why I chose Binh Son commune, Trieu Son district as the research area and not another locality is because: if outside the Northwest, Ethnologists are often interested in localities where Thai people reside concentrated in the two provinces of Thanh Hoa (Quan Hoa, Ba Thuoc, Thuong Xuan) and Nghe An (Quy Hop, Que Phong, Quy Chau, Con Cuong, Tuong Duong). Meanwhile, it can be affirmed that, up to now, there has not been any research or article about the Thai people in Binh Son commune, Trieu Son district, Thanh Hoa province. Therefore, this is a research area that does not overlap with the research works of previous people.

Furthermore, Binh Son is a commune near where the author lives and I have spent some time researching this field since my university years. Therefore, choosing this topic helps me have more favorable conditions in the process of penetrating the area and will exploit many good documents, because there are many relatives and friends from high school who are currently living in Binh Son commune. This is an advantage for me to conduct fieldwork in the community to interview and get better information. From the three reasons presented above, I chose Binh Son commune, Trieu Son district as my research area.

Through the study of traditional housing characteristics and housing transformation of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune, it contributes to helping local authorities have a scientific basis in determining solutions to preserve, conserve and promote housing values ​​in the current new rural process.

2. Research objectives

- Study the characteristics of traditional houses of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune, Trieu Son district, Thanh Hoa province.

- Study changes in housing in many aspects: changes in type, materials, construction techniques, living space, customs and social relationships of family members.

- Study the influencing factors: environment, society, institutions and policies leading to changes in housing of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune.

3. Research object and scope

+ Research subjects:

The research object of the topic is " The housing transformation of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune from the renovation to the present" . Housing includes: houses, folk architecture, residential areas... However, with this topic, the author focuses on researching the housing of the Thai people with two types of houses: traditional houses and houses from the renovation to the present.

+ Survey subjects:

The interviewees included: the elderly, middle-aged, and young people of the Black Thai people residing in Binh Son commune. To find out information related to traditional housing types, the author interviewed the elderly and middle-aged people in the village. In addition, the author interviewed young people to learn about housing changes of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune in the current period.

+ Research scope:

The research scope of the topic is determined in 3 villages where the Black Thai people reside, namely Thon Thoi, Bon Don and Cay Xe.

In terms of time scope, the thesis focuses on studying the housing changes of the Black Thai people in Binh Son commune, Trieu Son district, Thanh Hoa province from the renovation to the present.

4. Overview of research documents

There have been many studies on the Thai ethnic group in Vietnam, which can be summarized into three major issues as follows:

(1) General research on Thai ethnic group in Vietnam.

Researchers often delve into an overview of the Thai people in Vietnam from the perspective of ethnic history, kinship system, economic activities for livelihood, customs, beliefs in house building, eating, dressing, life cycle rituals, festivals, entertainment...

Typical authors include Cam Trong, Dang Nghien Van, Hoang Luong...; including a number of typical research works on the Thai people such as: Thai people in Northwest Vietnam (1978); Understandings about Thai people in Vietnam (2005); Thai people (2005); Some basic issues on the history, economy, and ancient society of the Thai people in Northwest Vietnam (1978), Overview of the migration of Thai tribes to Northwest Vietnam (1965); Documents on the history and society of the Thai people (1977)... The above authors mainly focus on researching the Thai people in the Northwest and Northeast regions of Vietnam.

The research on the Thai ethnic group in Vietnam was also of interest to the group of authors Nguyen Van Huy, Cam Trong, Vi Van An, Vo Thi Thuong at the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology from the perspective of museum anthropology, with the topic: Thai people in Vietnam (2005). In addition to studying the overview of the Thai people in the Northwest, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An regions regarding the origin and history of the ethnic group, the migration process, the distribution of local groups..., the group of authors also studied the material and spiritual cultural activities of the Thai people in Vietnam.

(2) Research on material cultural values ​​of Thai people in general and Thai people in Thanh Hoa - Nghe An in particular.

A typical research work is the work of author Vi Van Bien (2006), Material culture of Thai people in Thanh Hoa and Nghe An . The author believes that Thai people in Thanh Hoa and Nghe An have an origin relationship with Thai people in the Northwest, but due to the process of migration, living and residing intertwined with other settlements.

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