Chapter 1
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.1. General issues about print and electronic newspapers
1.1.1. Characteristics of print media .
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Print media is a term used to refer to a type of journalism that periodically reports current events and issues in social life through the use of written language and printing techniques to convey information. Print media includes: newspapers, magazines, news bulletins, and news bulletins.
* Timeliness and periodicity of printed newspapers
Printed newspapers are periodic publications that convey current information and are widely distributed in society.
There are many different types of print newspapers: daily, occasional (2,3,5 days a issue), weekly. Print newspapers are the regular and fixed cyclical appearance of newspaper products. The cycle of print newspapers is important to print newspapers because it determines the time when the public receives printed newspaper products. For example, every morning at 6:00 a.m., people can buy morning newspapers at any newsstand in the city. If the print newspaper's periodicity is broken, it means breaking the habit of buying (or receiving) printed newspapers at that time of the readers and readers will look for other means to satisfy their information needs.
The timeliness of printed newspapers is understood as the rapid reflection of newly occurring events, newly arising or newly discovered issues in social life.
Printed newspaper products are widely distributed in society, each type of newspaper, each printed newspaper has its own audience. Thus, each printed newspaper has a different audience, and the audience implements the method of reception in different directions.
* Actively receive information
The public receives information in printed newspapers through vision - the most important sense of humans in relation to the surrounding world, so readers are completely proactive in receiving information from printed newspapers. The initiative includes arranging the time to read, choosing the reading order to being proactive in reading speed, reading method when holding a specific printed newspaper. In the morning, people can buy a printed newspaper from a press agency, skim through important news and comments, then in the evening, when they get home, they continue reading longer and interesting newspapers such as reports, reflections, essays, articles, etc. When reading printed newspapers, people can completely skim through familiar content, read carefully or reread complex content that they did not understand the first time. This feature gives printed newspapers the ability to inform about deep and complex content. Journalists can present and explain information content with intertwined relationships, manifestations on many different levels, many layers. Information can be organized in many different ways that readers can still understand, as long as the information and content of the article are useful and meet the needs of readers.
* In-depth information content
The public's reception of information from printed newspapers is an active process, requiring readers to concentrate highly and mobilize their brains to work actively. Therefore, it increases the ability to remember information, helping readers to deeply perceive the complex and subtle internal relationships of issues and events.
It is not by chance that people say that radio reports, television describes and print newspapers comment. Through this, it can be seen that different types of press have different ways of influencing the public and will create different effects. In particular, print newspapers with their own separate impact on the public
reception, that is the co-presence of information, visual reception, presenting information in in-depth commentary and evaluation, has created depth in the communication of information and has strongly impacted the thinking of the receiving public. Thus, if people want to witness an event or phenomenon with their own eyes, they watch television. And if they want to deeply and thoroughly understand the causes, results, and evaluations of an event or phenomenon, they will turn to print newspapers. Thus, it can be said that in-depth commentary and evaluation of an event or phenomenon in print newspapers is one of the advantages of print newspapers compared to other forms of media.
* Technically
Technically, print newspapers are much simpler than other types of newspapers. Page layout and printing only require a computer with a relatively good configuration, software that does not require multimedia integration (the most popular in the South today is PageMaker 7.1), and static images, so you can make a newspaper and export the film directly to the printer.
Meanwhile, both radio, television and online newspapers require high-tech machinery systems such as transmitters (radio, television) or powerful servers (online newspapers), using animated images (flash), sounds (voice, music), (graphics), and vivid videos.
* Simple and convenient print newspaper storage
Archiving printed newspapers is in line with the habits of many readers. Therefore, printed newspapers become a valuable source of information for readers. Such sources of information can be archived for a long time (original or separately kept for news articles of interest, supporting data in social and historical research works).
Printed newspapers only appear at a specific and certain time with information content that addresses issues and events in an entire publication cycle. Information about current issues and events that occur in the following cycle can only be
mentioned in the product published at the following regular time. Therefore, in printed newspapers there is always a period of information gap, or in other words, the speed and timeliness of printed newspapers are more limited than other forms of radio and television, especially online newspapers. To overcome this limitation when radio and television were not yet developed, people introduced afternoon newspapers.
The reach of print media is sometimes limited because only literate people can read it. In this respect, radio and television have an advantage over print media because almost all members of society, regardless of their educational level, can receive the information they provide.
The distribution of printed newspapers is done by hand, so the sooner or later the printed newspapers reach the readers depends on the level of development of transportation and means of transport and distribution of newspapers. For underdeveloped countries, printed newspapers are mainly distributed only in densely populated cities and towns with convenient transportation. In remote areas, printed newspapers often arrive late, and the news becomes outdated. Therefore, in this area, the influence of information from printed newspapers is very limited. For those who travel far on special routes, such as geological survey teams, geographical expeditions, serving on ships on the ocean, etc., the distribution of printed newspapers is almost impossible.
*Interaction with readers
Interactivity helps to shorten the distance between the press and the public, allowing social issues to be viewed objectively on many levels. However, this is a limitation for print newspapers because readers' feedback must go through many stages, even requiring a complaint against the article.
Meanwhile, for radio, television and online newspapers, the interaction between the editorial office and the public is very high, just a phone call to the station (broadcast)
Radio, television), comments or emails (online newspapers) means the editorial office has received public feedback.
1.1.2. Characteristics of electronic newspapers
Electronic newspapers are an effective means of mass communication in transmitting information to the public. Together with other forms of communication, they have contributed greatly to enriching people's information life.
Compared to other mass media, online newspapers have superior characteristics such as high interactivity - the interaction between people and online newspapers is very high, multimedia capabilities, high topicality because of the ability to access and convey information very quickly, in addition, online newspapers also have the ability to search for information and store information best.
Electronic newspapers have the following characteristics:
*Timeliness and non-periodicity
With printed newspapers, as we know, the maximum publication period is only three times a day. Electronic newspapers have overcome the barriers of space and time and have shown their unique flexibility and dynamism. Electronic newspapers do not take time to prepare for stimulation, and are not delayed by having to go through the printing and distribution stages. This makes the timeliness of electronic newspapers much higher than that of printed newspapers. The information content of electronic newspapers is not limited to a narrow fixed framework on paper, nor is it regulated by the immutable principles of the publication time of printed newspapers.
Electronic newspapers break the usual periodicity of printed newspapers and other types of newspapers. However, electronic newspapers in our country due to conditions, timeliness and non-periodicity have not been paid attention to. www.laodong.com.vn every day pushes the entire newspaper page once, pushes the afternoon news once and pushes a summary news about the next day's issue and that information.
Most of the information is transferred from the printed newspaper Lao Dong, so the information is not new. If a reader cannot read the electronic newspaper, he can still know the current news of the day through the printed newspaper he bought. Therefore, the research and creativity in editing the electronic newspaper articles so that the information is the hottest, fastest and most attractive, or still using the information and articles of the printed newspaper but having to re-edit them with a different perspective and point of view will have to be one of the important directions to retain the readers of the electronic newspaper.
* Ability to transmit multimedia information
It is not by chance that people compare the appearance of electronic newspapers to a miraculous revolution in social life in general and the media system in particular. This comes from the most important feature of electronic newspapers, which is the ability to transmit multimedia information.
The ability to transmit multimedia information can be considered the strongest advantage of electronic newspapers. The ability to transmit multimedia information allows electronic newspapers to use elements such as text, sound, images, colors, graphics, shapes, etc. to convey information. These elements are closely linked, harmonious, impact and complement each other. Each element holds an indispensable position in constituting a complete, modern electronic newspaper page. When readers access an electronic newspaper, they will encounter the presence of radio, television and print newspapers at the same time. Electronic newspapers allow readers to receive information in many forms, not only reading the information content (text), they can also listen to a piece of music (audio), watch a movie or view a series of moving or still images (images) related to the article information at the same time.
Thus, electronic newspapers integrate the unique strengths of mass media. The information of electronic newspapers is supplemented by realistic audio tracks, vivid video clips, beautiful illustrations and clear press photo series. The transmission of multimedia information helps
diversifying the way readers receive information, overcoming the dryness of the fixed presentation and decoration in print newspapers, avoiding boredom, dullness, and monotony when receiving information in only one way like in print newspapers. The public is satisfied with all their listening and viewing needs in the most proactive way, not forcing readers to imagine the course of events with the simple sounds of radio, nor making the audience passive before the system of fixed, sequential programs like television, and imagining and contemplating the course of events like in print newspapers.
*Unlimited communication capabilities
Electronic newspapers do not have a limited number of pages like printed newspapers, and electronic newspapers do not care about time and broadcast duration, so the information content of electronic newspapers develops without limits. It is facilitated by the establishment of hyperlinks. Hyperlinks organize information into layers, creating a relationship between the latest information and referenced and supplementary information on the same topic. For example, on the home page, the title and hyperlinked title will lead readers to the full text of the main content of the press work. This content contains a number of hyperlinks leading to other related information content on each specific aspect.
Hyperlinks present in many newspaper pages make electronic newspapers not exist independently, separately but actually become a giant archive, where the public can easily search and receive comprehensive, rich information on all issues. Thanks to hyperlinks, readers can look up historical data about articles in the electronic newspaper archives in the fastest way that no library, no form of accumulation of mass media can do.
*Interactivity on electronic newspapers
More than any other form of journalism, electronic newspapers are highly interactive, clearly demonstrate mass appeal and satisfy readers' multidimensional information needs.
The interactivity of journalism is the ability to create interaction between the press and the public, creating a close and closed relationship between journalists and the public.
Thus, in theory, the interaction between the public and the editorial office through the feedback channel is an important factor in demonstrating communication effectiveness, and at the same time creates a basis for the editorial office to adjust the content and form of information towards improving quality.
In comparison with the interactive capabilities of electronic newspapers and traditional mass media, electronic newspapers have many advantages. Electronic newspapers, by taking advantage of the features of the Internet, have established a fast, reliable and especially effective feedback channel.
While traditional forms of journalism have established feedback channels such as readers, listeners, and viewers can give feedback by writing letters or calling specialized pages: "readers write" of printed newspapers, "television mailboxes" of television, "radio listeners" of radio, etc., currently most electronic newspapers have built a separate e-mail address (email box) in an effort to create a close, intimate relationship between readers and the electronic newspaper. While mass media may have difficulty receiving feedback due to various objective risks such as time, loss, unreachable phone calls, etc., electronic newspapers with mailboxes have the outstanding advantage of speed, the electronic newspaper editorial office can immediately receive feedback from readers, thereby quickly taking measures to adjust the content and form of the newspaper to suit the readers.
On the other hand, due to limitations in program duration for television and radio newspapers, or page count for printed newspapers, these types of media cannot fully respond to public feedback, easily creating the feeling that feedback is not received. This is partly