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General Assessment and Issues Regarding Human Resource Training and Use



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General Assessment and Issues Regarding Human Resource Training and Use


Source: Ha Tay Statistical Yearbook [7].


In the economic structure of the province, the proportion of economic sectors in the agricultural - forestry - fishery sector tends to decrease, the proportion of the industrial, construction and service sectors tends to increase. The shift in economic sector structure is in a positive trend, thanks to which the growth of the economy is following the trend of developing higher year after year. This proves that the efficiency of exploiting and using potentials, especially the labor potential of Ha Tay has been improved in recent times. The shift in economic sector structure in GDP can be seen in the following table:

Table 2.12: Economic sector structure from 1995 - 2003

Unit: %


Branch

Year

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

49.0

47.4

40.9

42.6

41.6

38.2

36.6

35.9

34.4

Industry -

Build

24.5

25.8

29.5

28.8

29.5

39.4

40.8

32.6

36.1

Service

26.3

26.8

29.6

28.6

29.9

29.6

29.5

29.5

29.5


Source: Ha Tay Statistical Yearbook [7].


The effective exploitation of the province's potentials has changed the average income index of workers in an upward direction. The average income of workers in the sectors of the state sector managed by the Central Government


The average monthly income of workers in the state sector managed by the province in 2000 was 799.93 thousand VND; in 2001: 884.98 thousand VND; in 2002: 945.8 thousand VND; in 2003: 951.9 thousand VND, higher than the average total income of workers in the state sector managed by the province, shown in the following table:


Table 2.13: Average monthly income per person of workers in the State sector managed by local authorities by economic sector from 2000 - 2003.

Unit: Thousand Dong


TT

Branch

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003


Total

515.60

619.82

673.63

702.29

1.

Agriculture - Forestry

46.53

553.56

569.99

590.00

2.

Aquaculture

301.10

305.41

412.07

450.00

3.

Mining industry

290.00

455.19

521.21

550.00

4.

Processing industry

641.75

667.98

805.94

815.00

5.

Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water

1,159.

72

1,425.

34

1,524.

68

1,410.

00

6.

Build

558.20

622.76

624.41

630.00

7.

Trade; Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles

617.87

718.50

814.50

760.00

8.

Hotels and restaurants

413.64

413.47

686.85

690.00

9.

Transportation, warehousing, communications

365.63

624.61

627.87

620.00

10

Finance, credit

481.65

528.40

662.00

690.00

11

Science and technology activities





12

Activities related to property trading and consulting services

763.70

881.96

1,310.

88

1,300.

00

13

State management and national defense; social security

528.90

540.00

560.00

600.00

14

Education and training

520.67

617.50

650.00

690.00

15

Health and social relief activities

601.95

614.87

678.07

720.00

16

Cultural and sports activities

409.72

450.00

599.37

615.00

17

Party and association activities

549.05

654.22

667.00

730.00

18

Personal and community service activities

512.05

520.53

742.60

785.00

Source: Ha Tay Statistical Yearbook [7].


The average income of workers in craft villages is increasing. If in 1996: 1 craft village worker had an income of 3.2 million VND/year; 1 service worker in the craft village was 2.9 million VND/year; 1 agricultural worker was 1.2 million VND/year; then by 2000, the income of 1 worker of: 1 craft village worker was 4 million VND/year; 1 service worker was 3.4 million VND/year; 1 agricultural worker was 1.6 million VND/year. In 2003, 1 craft village worker was 5 million VND/year (especially in craft villages with high income such as silk, sculpture reaching nearly 6 million VND/year; agricultural processing 7.3 million VND/year); 1 service worker was 4 million VND/year; 1 agricultural worker reached 2.5 million VND/year. If calculating GDP per capita, this index in Ha Tay is still low. In 1995, it reached 1,448 thousand VND; in 2000, it reached 3.14 million VND; in 2001, it reached 3.43 million VND; in 2002, it reached 3.82 million VND and in 2003, it reached 4.23 million VND. In general, although the efficiency of labor use has improved, it is still low and not on par with the province's potential.

2.3. General assessment and issues raised regarding training and use of human resources

2.3.1. General assessment

2.3.1.1. About achievements

Thanks to the change in awareness of human resources, the close attention and direction of the Party Committee and the Provincial People's Committee, in recent times, the education and training of Ha Tay in general and human resources training in particular have achieved remarkable achievements.

Firstly : The general education and vocational training system is increasingly expanded, thereby improving the intellectual level of the people, creating a solid foundation for the continued training of human resources with technical expertise and professional skills. Education and human resource training are concerned with all skills, qualifications, civic ethics and professional ethics.


Second : Ha Tay has basically ensured the requirements for short-term vocational training; the training professions are diverse and rich, initially suitable to the requirements of industrialization and modernization.

Third : The socialization of vocational education and training has been implemented and is effective. The restoration and development of occupations and craft villages has received more attention from many sectors and levels than before. The Provincial People's Committee has coordinated with the Department of Industry, local authorities and social organizations to open many vocational training classes (more than 500 classes) and about 600 agricultural and industrial extension classes, transferring technical and technological advances, thereby increasing the number of villages with small-scale handicrafts. In 1996, there were only 88 craft villages, but by 2003, there were 1,116 villages with crafts, so the number of new jobs created is increasing, the number of workers participating in economic activities is increasing.

Fourth : Ha Tay has made many efforts to solve the problem of labor and employment. In recent times, Ha Tay has attracted and created jobs for many workers, increased the labor time used in rural areas to 70% and contributed a very important part in increasing the total product of the province, reducing the unemployment rate and the idle state in rural areas.

Fifth : Training results have contributed significantly to labor export. In 2001, there were 480 exported workers, in 2002, there were 1,000 workers, in 2003, there were 1,500 workers, in 2004, the export trend decreased in the general situation of the whole country, the target set by Ha Tay was 1,200 workers but in the first 6 months of the year, only more than 40% were achieved. For workers after vocational training, they have stable jobs (about 80% of the total number of trained workers); about 15% have unstable jobs because they want to find a place with higher income or go to work abroad.

2.3.1.2. Limitations


Firstly, the training network, especially vocational training in the province, is still inadequate, not meeting the requirements for human resource training in terms of quantity, quality and regional structure. Compared with the requirements of industrialization, modernization and the target of training human resources by 2010, Ha Tay has not met the requirements for training highly qualified workers. This is shown by the number of trained workers, but the number of workers with technical expertise is still high (190,351/total 327,492) and the number of technical workers is also limited (32,779/327,492 people). Although the restoration of old occupations and the development of new occupations have developed, the number of classes and the number of people trained in vocational training is increasing, it cannot meet the requirements for exploiting the potential of the province. In the province's labor force, the majority are still unskilled laborers, although the number of technical workers has been raised, it is only more than 20%.

Second: The annual training of workers is mainly short-term training for rural handicrafts to solve immediate employment problems. Therefore, trained workers in Ha Tay face many difficulties when applying for jobs at enterprises and participating in the recruitment of labor export. The nurturing of talents has not received much attention from local authorities and human resource recruitment agencies. In Ha Tay, it is rare to see sponsorship for excellent national students and students who pass high exams to enter universities with majors suitable for the development trend and exploit the potential of the province.

Third : the level of full employment in Ha Tay is still low, the distribution of labor is not reasonable, and the efficiency of labor exploitation and use is not high.

These limitations have hindered the pace of labor restructuring towards industrialization and modernization of the province in recent times.

2.3.1.3. Causes


* Awareness of jobs and careers has not changed significantly among the people. The majority believe that one must have a university degree to have a job and a job with a high income. For those who are not able to enter colleges and universities, they only need to solve immediate benefits to have a job right away, so they only study short-term vocational training.

* The level of facilities, scale, number of schools and teachers in vocational schools are uneven, the number of good and highly qualified teachers is still low. The system of vocational guidance and training centers has made many efforts but the efficiency is not high. The list of training occupations is not many and is still outdated.

* The budget is still limited and the income of the people is low, so the financial resources for vocational training and nurturing talents are not commensurate. The economic restructuring and industry development are still slow, so the number of jobs created is not much. Ha Tay does not have an attractive recruitment policy, attracting labor, especially high-quality labor and students who are children of Ha Tay after graduating from universities to work in the province.

* Ha Tay is still slow in innovating the mechanism of recruiting human resources, so it cannot stimulate retraining to increase the rate of trained workers and improve labor efficiency. The unreasonable structure of training, education and occupation levels do not meet the requirements of social production. In reality, this can only be solved through retraining and vocational education for workers because the trained human resources in Ha Tay are mainly short-term.

2.3.2. Issues that need to be resolved in the coming time

2.3.2.1. The situation of both shortage and surplus, unreasonable structure of training level of human resources.


Both in terms of theory and production practice, it is shown that: high or low productivity and efficiency of production depend greatly on the human factor. This dependence is considered both in terms of quantity and quality of existing and future human resources. Both of these factors depend greatly on policies: population, training and use of human resources. Therefore, to meet the requirements of industrialization, modernization and international economic integration, economic development towards a knowledge-based economy, Ha Tay needs to pay attention to solving the following issues:

- The human resources in Ha Tay are facing a situation of surplus labor, lack of jobs, the supply of simple labor is very large while the demand for skilled labor, labor with high intellectual content but the ability to meet is very limited, causing an imbalance between supply and demand of labor in the market. According to the data presented above, the natural population in Ha Tay is still high, the labor growth rate is still strong, every year there are about 30,000 additional workers and need to solve the problem of employment. It is estimated that by 2005, the population of Ha Tay will be 2.53 million, the labor force of working age will be 1.45 million, by 2010 the population will be about 2.67 million, the labor force of working age will be 1.5 million. Besides, the number of surplus labor, unemployed labor is nearly 20% every year. The large labor force is increasing rapidly while the economic growth rate in Ha Tay is still slow, not able to expand reproduction to attract labor. The occupational structure is still in the process of transformation and is happening slowly, so the development of occupations has basically helped to solve the annual employment problem, but it is still lower than the requirement to solve. The development of the relationship between labor supply and demand like that leads to increasing pressure on solving the employment problem.

- On the other hand, the industrialization and modernization process in Ha Tay in the past and in the future shows that the demand for skilled workers is higher than for simple workers. For example, the demand of 17 industrial clusters in the locality


The locality needs tens of thousands of workers, Phu Cat industrial park 45,000 workers, the development needs of the tourism industry by 2005 also need 15,360 people and the expected number of workers to carry out further development for craft villages with the target of more than 200 craft villages meeting standards also requires the addition of about 30,000 trained workers.

The number of workers needed for the development process is mainly skilled workers, highly technical workers, and managers who understand the market mechanism. This requirement is based on the labor supply being mainly unskilled workers, idle workers in agriculture, and demobilized soldiers (this number accounts for nearly 80% of the labor force), showing that the number of unemployed people will continue to increase if the supply of specialized human resources cannot meet the demand in time. This imbalance makes the already unbalanced labor supply and demand relationship even more unbalanced, affecting the process of promoting industrialization and modernization.

- In practice, the process of industrialization and modernization requires the application of scientific and technical advances to transform manual labor into technical labor using machinery and technology, with increased technical expertise. However, a worrying thing in Ha Tay today is that the amount of unused working time of agricultural labor is quite high (nearly 25%); among those who are unemployed in rural areas, the majority are unemployed, have no capital and have not been trained; the number of demobilized soldiers has mostly not been trained, the level of human resources retrained is unreasonable. The number of trained laborers has only reached 21.5%, but the demand by 2005 requires 35% and by 2010 must reach 45%. The labor level structure between university, college - vocational secondary school - technical workers has only reached 4.7% - 5.2% - 2.47%. Meanwhile, according to the requirements of the CNH, the selected modern technology in Ha Tay was not until 2005.

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