Family culture of the Tay people in Cao Bang province

COMMITMENT

Prof. Dr. Hoang Nam

The author hereby declares that this is his own research work under the scientific guidance of Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen Thi Viet Huong. The research results and conclusions in the thesis are honest. References to documents have been cited and sourced in accordance with regulations.

Thesis author

Nong Anh Nga

INDEX

COMMITMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 2

LIST OF TABLES 3

INTRODUCTION 4

Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION, GENERAL THEORETICAL ISSUES AND OVERVIEW OF TAY FAMILIES IN CAO BANG PROVINCE 16

1.1.Overview of research situation 16

1.2. General theoretical issues about family and family culture 25

1.3. Overview of Tay family in Cao Bang province 40

Summary 49

Chapter 2: TRADITIONAL FAMILY CULTURE OF THE TAY PEOPLE IN CAO BANG PROVINCE 51

2.1. Manifestations of traditional family culture of the Tay people 51

2.2.Conditions for the formation of traditional family culture of the Tay people...83 Summary 87

Chapter 3: CHANGES IN TRADITIONAL FAMILY CULTURE OF THE TAY PEOPLE IN CAO BANG PROVINCE 89

3.1. Manifestations of change 89

3.2. Evaluation of the transformation 116

Summary 119

Chapter 4: FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHANGE IN TRADITIONAL FAMILY CULTURE OF THE TAY PEOPLE IN CAO BANG PROVINCE, FORECASTING CHANGE TRENDS AND CURRENT ISSUES 121

4.1. Factors affecting the change in traditional family culture of the Tay people 121

4.2. Forecasting change trends......................................................................................

4.3. Current issues 136

Summary 148

CONCLUSION 149

LIST OF PUBLISHED RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS TOPIC 152

REFERENCES 153

APPENDIX 162

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations

Full text
cb	Editor in Chief
CNH	Industrialization
OS	Modernization
People's Council	People's Council
NCS	PhD student
Publisher	Publishing house
National CTQ	National politics
PVS	In-depth interviews
TW	Central
TP	City
People's Committee	People's Committee
UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Family	Family culture
Socio-economic	Socio-Economic

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LIST OF TABLES

STT

Table of statistics content	Page
1.	Table 1 : Generations living together in a family	90
2.	Table 2 : Concept of number of children in family	91
3.	Table 3 : The meaning of having a son (daughter) in the family	91
4.	Table 4 : The role of fathers (mothers) in their children's marriage	94
5.	Table 5 : Marriage age of Tay people (both male and female)	94
6.	Table 6 : Family building criteria	95
7.	Table 7 : Performing wedding ceremonies	96
8.	Table 8 : Current wedding attire	97
9.	Table 9 : Concepts of mixed-ethnic marriage	100
10.	Table 10 : Family worship	101
11.	Table 11: Organization of festivals and holidays during the year	102
12.	Table 12 : Funeral offerings	106
13.	Table 13 : Forms of education in the family	109
14.	Table 14 : Roles of family members in educating children	110
15.	Table 15: Frequency of family participation in community activities	115

INTRODUCTION

1. REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC

1.1. Scientific reasons

The family is the cell of society. The family is the cradle of love, the place where people are born and grow up both physically and personally. The family is the land that sows seeds, nurtures and provides human resources for the country. In the process of historical development, the family has a special position and role. With two basic functions: regenerating people to maintain the race and socializing individuals to form personality, the family will exist forever in the life of humanity. The lasting strength of each country, nation, and society depends greatly on the existence and development of the family in general and family culture in particular.

Vietnamese families have gone through many generations and have created good values such as patriotism, filial piety, love of learning, loyalty, mutual support, hard work and creativity, and resilience in overcoming all difficulties and challenges. After 30 years of implementing the renovation process, the material and spiritual life of Vietnamese families has been significantly improved thanks to achievements in economic development, culture, education, health care, hunger eradication and poverty reduction and other fields. These achievements have contributed significantly to raising the trust and responsibility of each individual and the whole society towards the family.

Family culture research is a topic of interest to domestic and international scientists from many different aspects and perspectives. Currently, there have been many scientific works discussing this issue, but mainly focusing on solving the theoretical problem of the importance of family in today's society. These works, often ministerial-level scientific research topics, theses and dissertations have their own approaches with certain focuses. However, there has not been any work that has conducted in-depth research on the family culture of the Tay people in Cao Bang province. Therefore, research on the family culture of the Tay people in Cao Bang province is still considered an open issue.

Family and family culture are always different according to the differences in human geography, ethnic culture... and always change to adapt to changes in the natural environment as well as socio-economic changes. In other words, research on family and family culture in contemporary society and specifically in each locality, each socio-economic-cultural context are always new and useful topics.

The family culture of the Tay people in Cao Bang province is an organic part of the family culture of Vietnam. However, due to the characteristics of nature, economy, culture, society and history, the family culture here also has its own unique features. Even the features that have been shaped in tradition are changing. This is truly a research issue that is useful both scientifically and practically.

1.2. Practical reasons

Entering the 21st century, family and family culture have undergone very complex changes such as: family size, family type, family role, family values, increased divorce, illegitimate births; increased participation of women in labor outside the home, major changes in the relationship between husband and wife, between parents and children, changes in norms related to sexual relations... These changes have strongly attacked the foundation of the traditional family.

The Tay family in Cao Bang province is a place to preserve and conserve traditional cultural values, a place to transmit ethnic cultural values, both material and spiritual culture... In the context of international integration and exchange, the issue of family culture here has also arisen a number of complex problems, such as: changes in functional structure, family size, disruption of lifestyle, family order, moral decline, gender equality in the family, domestic violence... are issues that need to be studied now and in the future.

From the above theoretical and practical social issues, the author chose the topic of Family Culture of the Tay people in Cao Bang province as his doctoral thesis, majoring in Cultural Studies.

2. PURPOSE AND TASKS OF THE RESEARCH

2.1. Research purpose

- Identify traditional and changing family cultural values of the Tay people in Cao Bang province.

- Evaluate the changes in family culture in the integration and development trend of Vietnamese families in general and Tay families in Cao Bang province in particular.

2.2. Research tasks

To carry out the above research purpose, the author will have to perform the following tasks:

1. Systematizing general theoretical issues on family culture is a tool to distinguish research contents, serving as a basis for determining issues that need to be surveyed and evaluated.

2. Survey and evaluate the basic elements of the Tay family culture in Cao Bang province in the tradition in correlation with the socio-cultural premises that form the traditional family of the Tay people.

3. Survey and evaluate the changes in family cultural elements of the Tay people in Cao Bang province today.

4. Forecasting the changing trends and issues for the Tay family culture in Cao Bang province. From there, raise issues to build and develop the Tay family culture in Cao Bang province in the integration period.

3. OBJECTS AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH

3.1. Research subjects

The thesis focuses on the family culture of the Tay people in Cao Bang province. However, because the concept of family culture is quite broad, the author will limit the research object of the topic to the following 4 elements:

- Concept of marriage.

- Family rituals.

- Family education.

- Behavior in the family.

3.2. Scope of research

- Spatial scope : Tay families in 04 areas, including:

+ Cao Bang City: represents the urban area [PL.1, p.165].

+ Thach An district: represents the area with the largest Tay community [PL.1, p.162].

+ Phuc Hoa district: represents the area where Tay people trade with foreigners through the border gate [PL.1, p.163].

+ Bao Lac district: represents the area where the Tay people live with other ethnic minorities [PL.1, p.164].

- Time range : choose 1986 as the time frame to distinguish between traditional family culture and current family culture to compare and find changing factors.

4. THEORETICAL BASIS, RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESES

4.1. Theoretical basis

Based on the subject and purpose of the research, the author chose the approach according to the functional structure theory in the process of implementing the thesis.

In the field of sociology, structuralism and functionalism with their variations have formed structural-functionalism, which has gathered many different authors to participate in research and construction. The most prominent of these are Talcott Parsons (1902-1979), Robert Merton (1910-2003) and Peter Blau (1918-2002) [118].

In general, Parsons used the concept of structure and the concept of system almost equivalently in the sense that the system has structure and both have certain common components, each of which has certain functions for the whole system. The concept of structure emphasizes the elements that form the pattern, shaping the system in a relatively stable way. The concept of system

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