MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
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LE THI HOAI THU
FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL READINESS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
Major: Management Science Code: 9310110
DOCTORAL THESIS
Scientific instructor:
Assoc.Prof.Dr. BUI DUC THO
HANOI – 2021
COMMITMENT
I have read and understand the violations of academic integrity. I declare on my personal honor that this thesis is my own work and does not violate the requirements of academic integrity.
Hanoi, date month year 2021
Thesis author
Le Thi Hoai Thu
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was completed with the help of many people such as: teachers, friends, colleagues, relatives.
First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Associate Professor, Dr. Bui Duc Tho, my scientific supervisor. He has wholeheartedly guided, supported, helped and accompanied me throughout the time of writing this thesis.
I would like to sincerely thank the teachers in the Faculty of Management Science, National Economics University. This is where I have access to knowledge about socio-economics and management. The teachers have always enthusiastically guided, accompanied and given me advice from the first days of learning and researching about management science until the thesis was completed.
Next, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Graduate Training Institute, National Economics University, especially the PhD student department, who have always enthusiastically helped, answered and promptly resolved the difficulties I encountered during the thesis process.
I would like to sincerely thank the enthusiastic help of colleagues and friends, who have created conditions for me to have time to complete my thesis and supported me a lot in collecting data for this thesis.
Finally, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my loved ones who have always been close to me, encouraged me, and provided me with material and time support to complete my research.
Thank you very much!
Hanoi, date month year 2021
PhD student
Le Thi Hoai Thu
INDEX
COMMITMENT i
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON INDIVIDUAL READINESS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE 9
1.1. Overview of research on organizational change 9
1.1.1. Research trends on organizational change 10
1.1.2. Perspectives on successful organizational change 15
1.2. Overview of research on individual readiness for organizational change 18
1.2.1. Overview of the theoretical framework for research on individual readiness for organizational change 18
1.2.2. Overview of research on individual readiness for organizational change 21
1.2.3. Overview of research on factors influencing individual readiness for organizational change 25
1.2.4. Research Gap 28
CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH MODEL ON FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL READINESS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE 32
2.1. The concept of individual readiness for organizational change 32
2.2. Research framework on individual readiness for organizational change 36
2.3. Elements reflecting individual readiness for organizational change 38
2.3.1. Cognitive aspects of individual readiness for change 38
2.3.2. Emotional aspects of individual readiness for change 39
2.4. Factors affecting individual readiness for organizational change 41
2.4.1. Factors related to personal characteristics 41
2.4.2. Factors belonging to the change context – management trust, communication climate and organizational justice 46
2.5. Proposing a research model on factors affecting individual readiness for organizational change 55
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 59
3.1. Overall research design 59
3.2. Qualitative research 61
3.2.1. Objectives of qualitative research: 62
3.2.2. Qualitative research methods 62
3.2.3. Qualitative research subjects 62
3.2.4. Qualitative research results 63
3.3. Quantitative research 67
3.3.1. Scale 67
3.3.2. Preliminary quantitative research 75
3.3.3. Formal quantitative research 80
CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS 92
4.1. Overview of equitization of state-owned enterprises in Vietnam 92
4.2. The current status of individual readiness for organizational change in equitized state-owned enterprises in Vietnam 97
4.2.1. Individual feelings towards organizational change 97
4.3 2. Perception of the appropriateness of change to the organization 98
4.2.3. Perceptions of leadership support for organizational change 99
4.2.4. Perception of individual's ability to implement organizational change 100
4.2.5. Perceptions of individual trade-offs when there is organizational change...101 4.3. Exploratory factor analysis EFA 103
4.3.1. Exploratory factor analysis test of observed variables in the scale reflecting individual readiness for change 103
4.3.2. Exploratory factor analysis test of observed variables in the scale of factors affecting individual readiness for organizational change 107
4.4. Confirmatory factor analysis CFA of observed variables 108
4.4.1. Confirmatory factor analysis test of the scale measuring individual readiness for organizational change 108
4.4.2. Confirmatory factor analysis of all scales 112
4.4.3. Testing the reliability, discrimination and convergence of the scales using CFA 115
4.5. Testing the correlation of variables in the research model 117
4.6. Results of model testing and research hypothesis 119
4.7. Testing model estimates using Bootstrap 127
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE INDIVIDUAL READINESS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE 134
5.1. Discussion of research results 134
5.1.1 Discussion of research results on factors reflecting individual readiness for organizational change 134
5.1.2. Discussion of research results on factors affecting individual readiness for organizational change 135
5.2. Proposed solutions and recommendations from research results 143
5.2.1. Some solutions for organizational managers 144
5.2.2. Some recommendations to state management agencies 147
5.3. Some contributions of research 148
5.3.1. Academic aspect 148
5.3.2. In practice 149
5.4. Limitations of the study and future research directions 149
5.4.1. Limitations of the study 149
5.4.2. Future research trends 150
CONCLUSION 153
LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS 155
REFERENCES APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Research hypotheses 57
Table 3.1. Information of interview subjects 66
Table 3.2. Scale of factors reflecting individual readiness for organizational change 70
Table 3.3. Personal personality trait scale 72
Table 3.4. Organizational communication climate scale 73 Table 3.5. Management trust scale 74
Table 3.6. Organizational justice scale 75
Table 3.7. Cronbach's alpha values of the items in the scale measuring individual readiness for organizational change 78
Table 3.8: Results of collecting and processing survey forms 83
Table 3.9. Descriptive statistics of personal characteristics of the study sample 84
Table 3.10. Interpretation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient values 85
Table 4.1. Descriptive statistics of the variables of the emotion scale with change 98
Table 4.2. Descriptive statistics of variables of the scale measuring the perception of the appropriateness of organizational change 99
Table 4.3. Descriptive statistics of variables of the scale measuring perceived leadership support for organizational change 99
Table 4.4. Descriptive statistics of variables of the scale measuring individuals' perception of their ability to implement organizational change 101
Table 4.5. Descriptive statistics of variables of the scale measuring perceived benefits of trade-offs due to organizational change 102
Table 4.6. Average values of the components showing individual readiness for organizational change 103
Table 4.7. KMO and Bartlett test results 104
Table 4.8. KMO and Bartlett test results 105
Table 4.9. KMO and Bartlett test results 106
Table 4.10. KMO and Bartlett test results 106
Table 4.11. Results of exploratory factor analysis of observations belonging to the independent variable scale 110
Table 4.12. Model fit indicators of factors constituting individual readiness for organizational change 109
Table 4.13. Results of reliability and extracted variance of the readiness for change scale..111 Table 4.14a. Indicators of the model's suitability of factors constituting individual readiness for organizational change 111
Table 4.14b. Reliability and variance extracted results of the readiness for change scale after adjustment 112
Table 4.15. Model fit indicators of all factors 114
Table 4.16. Results of calculating composite reliability and average variance extracted 116
Table 4.17. Matrix of correlation coefficients between variables in model 118
Table 4.18. SEM structural model fit indicators for all factors 119
Table 4.19. Results of initial SEM model estimation 120
Table 4.20. Results of estimating the impact of control variables 122
Table 4.21. Results of estimating the impact of organizational characteristics variables 123
Table 4.22. Results of estimating the regression model with each dependent variable 125
Table 4.23. Results of re-estimation of the regression model using Bootstrap 127
Table 5.1. Descriptive statistics of the extroversion personality scale 137
Table 5.2 Current status of management capacity at equitized SOEs 144