Factors Affecting the Implementation of New Rural Construction Policy in Ha Quang District, Cao Bang Province

Cultural, artistic, and mass sports activities are maintained and developed vigorously; festival management and organization have many positive changes; many folk festivals have been restored and preserved... Through clans and village conventions, spiritual cultural heritage values such as love for the homeland, solidarity, community awareness connecting individuals - families - villages - homeland and country; compassion, respect for sentiments and morality; diligence and creativity in work; subtlety in behavior, simplicity in lifestyle... are preserved and deeply permeated into the entire life of the people, into each person.

This is also the central goal of new rural construction. People will only really participate when they see, feel, and absorb the values of new rural areas, when the values of new rural areas change the lives of their families and themselves. Per capita income, production value, and the number of employed workers must increase, and policies and social welfare must be guaranteed...

To do this, in recent times, Nghi Xuan district has paid great attention to the overall socio-economic development of the district; focused on developing industry, trade, services, and tourism strongly with dynamic and creative steps and methods; focused on developing economic models, innovating production organization forms associated with restructuring the agricultural sector. Gradually changing traditional agricultural production practices, increasing the application of science and technology in agricultural production. Currently, high-tech agricultural production models such as hydroponic vegetable cultivation, melon farming, shrimp farming on sand, models of farms growing and raising buffaloes, cows, pigs, chickens according to technology... have brought jobs and high income to the people.

In addition, along with doing a good job in overall planning, administrative reform, and building a serving government apparatus, the Party Committee and People of Nghi Xuan district are determined to turn the district into an attractive land and attract investment. Along with a system of hundreds of temples, pagodas, and shrines,

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archaeological sites with relics dating from 4,000 to 5,000 years old, the special relic site of Great Poet Nguyen Du, Xuan Thanh beach tourist area with an 18-hole golf course system, dog racing track, potential for developing entertainment tourism services along the Lam River, at the foot of Hong Linh mountain, ... through advertising and investment promotion activities have created opportunities for investors to see the economic potential of this land full of cultural values. Thanks to that, the total investment attraction in the district in the past 3 years reached 9,000 billion VND. In 2018, the total production value in the area reached 5,030 billion VND, the economic growth rate reached 16.7%, the total social development investment capital reached 1,900 billion, and the budget revenue reached over 300 billion. The poverty rate (calculated according to the new rural poverty standard) has decreased to 2.6%. Social security, gratitude work, and people's health care are increasingly focused on, and the quality of life is increasing [58].

Chapter Summary

Implementing the policy of building new rural areas is a content of implementing the State's public policy in the field of agriculture and rural areas. The content of chapter 1 of the thesis has clarified the basic concepts and tools such as New Rural Area, policy of building new rural areas, implementing policy of building new rural areas is the foundation for studying the steps of implementing the policy of building new rural areas in a specific area. The content of chapter 1 also clarifies the process of 07 countries implementing public policies associated with the policy of building new rural areas, the factors affecting the policy implementation process thereby aiming to identify the possible causes in the policy implementation process. In addition to the theoretical basis, chapter 1 of the thesis also clarifies the practical basis from studying the experience of implementing the policy of building new rural areas in a number of localities, thereby drawing important lessons in implementing this policy in Ha Quang district, Cao Bang province.

Chapter 2

CURRENT STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW RURAL AREA CONSTRUCTION POLICY IN HA QUANG DISTRICT, CAO BANG PROVINCE

2.1. Factors affecting the implementation of new rural construction policy in Ha Quang district, Cao Bang province

2.1.1. Overview of natural, economic and social characteristics affecting the implementation of new rural construction policies in Ha Quang district, Cao Bang province

2.1.1.1. Natural conditions

Ha Quang is a mountainous district located in the North of Cao Bang province, 40 km north of the center of Cao Bang province; bordering the districts of Hoa An, Trung Khanh, Nguyen Binh, Bao Lac of Cao Bang province and Na Po district, Tinh Tay city, Guangxi province, China. With a natural area of 810.9399 km 2 .

Administrative units: The district has 21 administrative units, including 19 communes and 02 towns, including the communes: Ngoc Dao, Soc Ha, Truong Ha, Quy Quan, Lung Nam, Cai Vien, Noi Thon, Tong Cot, Hong Sy, Ma Ba, Thuong Thon, Xuan Hoa town, Thanh Long, Can Yen, Thong Nong town, Luong Can, Can Nong, Yen Son, Ngoc Dong, Da Thong, Luong Thong. Ha Quang district has 8 border communes bordering China, with a total border length of 74.871 km, including the communes: Soc Ha, Truong Ha, Lung Nam, Cai Vien, Noi Thon, Tong Cot, Can Nong, Can Yen. The district has Soc Giang border gate (belonging to Soc Ha commune) and many people's trails.

Ha Quang District has complex terrain due to geological formation, so the District is divided into many different regions.

- Lowland sub-region: This is a sub-region with relatively flat valleys, the main cultivated land is rice land, with a basic river and stream system that meets the water needs for production and daily life of the people.

- Upland sub-region: This is a sub-region with almost no rivers or streams, not enough water for daily life and production, the cultivated land is mainly for growing crops, and the infrastructure has not yet met the needs of people for travel and circulation of goods.

2.1.1.2. Socio-economic conditions

In the period of 2016 - 2020, the Party Committee, the government and the people of all ethnic groups in Ha Quang district have promoted the spirit of solidarity, efforts and creativity to overcome many difficulties and challenges and achieved many important achievements. Studying the practical results achieved in relation to the district's targets in the past 5 years, 14/22 socio-economic targets of the district have met and exceeded the set plan.

The economy continues to grow and develop, the economic structure shifts in the right direction; the economic growth rate reaches 7.46% per year; the average income per capita reaches 20.4 million VND/year. The total grain output reaches 30,637 tons; the agricultural value reaches 38.4 million VND/ha, reaching 104% of the plan. A high-quality tobacco production area has been formed in Ngoc Dao commune, Xuan Hoa town. The district's strong crops continue to expand in area such as corn, peanuts, ginger, chili, turmeric, etc., bringing stable income to the people. Livestock continues to develop, the growth rate of livestock herds reaches and exceeds the plan.

In the period of 2016 - 2020, the income value from livestock reached over 228 billion VND. The national target program on new rural construction was implemented synchronously, the entire political system participated, and the people actively responded and participated; over 509 billion VND was mobilized from resources for new rural construction. Up to now, the average of the whole district has achieved 10.6 new rural criteria/commune and 03 communes have met new rural standards (in 2020, Luong Can commune also met the standards). Up to now, 100% of communes have car roads to the center and are paved. In addition, practical research in Ha Quang district shows that the rate of rural residents using clean water is 97.2%.

100% of medical stations have doctors. Forest management, care and protection are focused on, 79.6 hectares of production forests were planted; 876 hectares of concentrated forests were planted; the forest coverage rate by the end of 2020 reached 50.9%, exceeding the plan by 3.8%. 1,882 livestock households were relocated from under the floors of houses, of which 5 communes and towns reached 100%. The value of industrial and handicraft production by the end of 2020 reached over 634 billion VND, accounting for 15.8% of the economic structure. The whole district has 36 cooperatives and 16 enterprises operating in production and business. To date, 96.3% of households have used the national grid. The total circulation of goods by the end of 2019 reached over 200 billion VND. The value of trade and services reached nearly 1,300 billion VND. Total import and export turnover of goods through the area in the period 2015 - 2020 reached 3,112 million USD.

Tourism activities have changed positively, the number of visitors to Pac Bo National Special Relic Site is increasing, reaching 243,511 in 2019 alone. Tourism revenue reached over 3 billion VND, an increase of 114.2% compared to 2015. Total investment capital for basic construction in 5 years reached over 1,327 billion VND, implementing 520 projects in the fields of: transportation, irrigation, electricity, schools, cultural and sports works, domestic water. State budget revenue is focused on and directed drastically, in 2019 it reached over 41 billion VND, an annual average increase of 15%, reaching 105.1% of the plan. Budget expenditures are strictly controlled, ensuring compliance with regulations according to the assigned estimates. Total outstanding loans of banks in the period 2016 - 2020 reached over 900 billion VND. Cultural and social fields are promoted.

The quality of education and training is constantly improving, the whole district has 22 schools meeting national standards. There are 84 doctors/10,000 people; 19/21 communes meet national criteria on commune health.

With the characteristics of a mountainous and border district with more than 90% of the population being ethnic minorities, in recent years, Ha Quang district, Cao Bang province has gradually concretized and effectively applied the ethnic policies of the Party and State into local practice, bringing about clear results.

Thereby contributing to accelerating socio-economic development, stabilizing political security, fundamentally changing the face of ethnic minority areas.

The construction and completion of essential infrastructure systems are considered by local authorities as one of the key tasks. Ha Quang district, Cao Bang province has integrated and effectively deployed capital from support programs of the Central and the province with socio-economic development projects in the area, gradually improving the material and spiritual life of the people, especially in particularly difficult areas.

In the period of 2015 - 2019, through programs and projects, the district was supported with 123 billion VND according to the principle of allocating capital to each commune and based on the actual needs of the people to ensure publicity, fairness, and high social efficiency. Communes were granted 107 billion VND to develop infrastructure and support production, of which 82 billion VND was invested in building 66 traffic works, domestic water, schools, irrigation works, etc.

The district was granted more than 124.4 billion VND under Resolution 30a, of which over 28 billion VND supported production development, over 13 billion VND for maintenance and repair of 14 construction items. 1,299 households received preferential loans with a total amount of over 10 billion VND to develop production, change occupations, and create jobs for many local workers. Benefiting from the direct support program for poor households in difficult areas under Decision No. 102/2009/QD-TTg, up to now, Ha Quang has been supported with more than 6.7 billion VND, 67.5 tons of plant varieties for 70,000 poor households in difficult areas to have conditions for economic development...

From 2016 to present, the district has organized and coordinated 80 training courses on transferring science and technology in animal husbandry and crop cultivation to 5,729 poor and near-poor households. Up to now, hundreds of poor and near-poor households of ethnic minorities have had more capital, production materials as well as been equipped with knowledge to develop the economy. Many models of crop and livestock farming of the people have been formed and developed such as pig and cow farming models and other models.

The model of developing ginger, peanut and tobacco growing areas brings stable income to many households.

Recognizing the role of prestigious people in propaganda and mobilizing ethnic minorities, in recent times, Party committees and authorities at all levels have organized visits, presented gifts, met, toured, and learned from experiences of prestigious people; selected delegates who are typical prestigious people among ethnic minorities to attend conferences and commendation ceremonies, thereby encouraging prestigious people to promote their sense of responsibility and actively do a good job of propaganda and mobilizing the people.

The Head of the Front Working Committee of Ban Po hamlet, Lung Nam commune said: The Front Working Committee always coordinates with the Party Committee and the government to propagate and mobilize people to comply with the Party's policies, the State's policies and laws, comply with the village's conventions and regulations, and effectively use support resources from ethnic policies in production, improve material and spiritual life, and gradually reduce poverty.

Through the implementation of poverty reduction projects, the New Rural Development Program, the Project to support residential land, production land, and domestic water for ethnic minority households, etc., there has been a positive impact, strongly changing people's awareness and motivating many households to voluntarily apply to escape poverty and develop the economy. The face of the countryside has improved a lot, especially in particularly disadvantaged hamlets and communes. 100% of communes have car roads to the center; 90% of classrooms are solid; average income per capita reaches 13.5 million VND/year; 98% of households have access to the national grid; 96% of households have access to clean domestic water; 100% of ethnic minorities are granted health insurance cards, etc.

It can be affirmed that the specific policies for ethnic minority areas implemented in the past have brought great resources, helping the district to complete the socio-economic development goals in general, and the development of ethnic minority areas in particular. In the coming time, the district will continue to direct specialized agencies, communes and towns to focus resources to effectively implement policies for ethnic minorities.

DTTS, creating conditions for ethnic minorities to escape poverty, helping localities complete the national goal of sustainable poverty reduction.

Strengthening propaganda and mobilizing ethnic minorities to actively and proactively implement the Party's guidelines and the State's policies and laws; promoting democracy at the grassroots level; building and consolidating the great national unity bloc; promoting internal strength and striving to escape poverty. In addition, the district focuses on planning, training, fostering and using ethnic minority cadres; taking care of building and preserving traditional cultural values of the nation; enhancing the position and role of prestigious people in the community.

With the attention of the Party and the State, ethnic policies have been implemented more and more effectively, the lives of ethnic people have been gradually improved and enhanced. Ethnic people in Ha Quang district increasingly trust the leadership of the Party, the management and administration of authorities at all levels, unite to maintain security and order, protect borders and landmarks, and join hands to build cultural life, develop the economy, and escape poverty sustainably.

2.1.2. Subjects implementing the new rural construction policy in Ha Quang district

Right from the beginning of the year, the District People's Committee issued a plan to implement the national target program on new rural construction in 2020; assigned targets for completing criteria and capital to communes and units and directed the People's Committees of communes to develop plans for new rural construction in 2020.

Regularly inspect and urge communes to implement the criteria for new rural construction according to the national criteria. Direct the integration of capital sources from other programs in the district to implement new rural construction according to approved plans and projects. Especially inspect, urge and support Luong Can commune to implement the criteria to ensure meeting new rural standards in 2020. After the merger between Thong Thong and Ha Quang districts, the leaders of the District Party Committee, the District People's Committee, the Steering Committee of the National Target Programs of the district, and the People's Committees of the communes issued 06

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