- Research indicators
To evaluate the potential and current status of eco-tourism development in this topic, I use the following criteria:
Indicators showing the process of increasing in scale (indicators showing quantity):
+ Fluctuations in number of visitors and visitor structure
+ Revenue fluctuations.
+ Fluctuations in the number of accommodation establishments.
+ Fluctuations in the number of employees...
Indicators showing structural changes (indicators showing quality):
+ Rate of tourists returning to travel on subsequent trips.
+ People's assessment of the quality of technical facilities.
+ Tourists' evaluation of service quality: food and beverage, communication, sales services, entertainment, accommodation services, transportation services,...
Some indicators to evaluate the quality of ecotourism areas (Tourist satisfaction).
Chapter 3
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Determine the position and role of the ecotourism industry
3.1.1. Position and role of Bac Son ecotourism in tourism development of Lang Son province and the Northeast sub-region of the Northern Midlands and Mountains
The master plan for tourism development in Lang Son province until 2020 has identified Bac Son as located in the western tourism space with the main orientation of product development being associated with nature and culture. The Bac Son - Binh Gia area is the western gateway tourism cluster of the province. With the values of cultural, historical and ecological resources, the plan identifies this as a priority investment area. The investment direction focuses on building a number of accommodation facilities and restaurants in the tourist center and tourist attractions of Bac Son district.
The master plan for socio-economic development of Lang Son province to 2020 has determined to develop tourism in a sustainable and comprehensive direction; protect, restore and upgrade cultural and historical relics, restore folk culture imbued with national identity; encourage the development of spiritual tourism, tourism to visit historical relics combined with ecological resorts. The above orientation is also consistent with the orientation for developing eco-tourism, cultural - historical tourism and adventure sports products identified in the master plan for tourism development in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region to 2020. This is an important orientation for tourism development in Bac Son district. The master plan for socio-economic development of Bac Son district in the period of 2011-2020 identifies trade, services and tourism as sectors that not only contribute positively to the economic growth process but also contribute to solving a large number of jobs for the people. The master plan for socio-economic development of Bac Son district in the period of 2011-2020 also sets the target for GDP growth rate of the service and tourism sector for the period of 2011-2020 to reach 14-15%, in which the service sector strives to account for 37-38% of the district's GRDP.
* Potential and ability to develop tourism of Bac Son district in tourism development of Lang Son province and of the Northeast sub-region of the Northern Midlands and Mountains: For Lang Son, Bac Son plays an important role in tourism development.
tourism of the province. Bac Son has attractive tourism potential with the captivating beauty of the valley system, the pristine natural values, majestic mountains and forests, the mysterious cave system worth exploring, the diverse and unique culture and traditions of the ethnic communities as well as the valuable revolutionary historical relic system. Although Bac Son tourism is currently almost undeveloped, with the above potential and strengths, Bac Son can completely become one of the important destinations of the province and play a greater role in promoting tourism development of Lang Son province in the coming time if there is a proper development orientation and high determination of the Party Committee, government and people of the district, especially the attention of Lang Son province in issuing breakthrough policies, prioritizing investment resources for tourism development in Bac Son.
Currently, Bac Son district has begun to pay attention to tourism development and determine the role and position of tourism in the socio-economic development of the province. Realizing the potential and strengths along with the spontaneous increase in the number of tourists visiting and enjoying the landscape of Bac Son valley in recent years, the Bac Son district government has really paid attention and struggled to find a direction for tourism development in the district. Although currently, the direct contribution from tourism to the socio-economic development of Bac Son district is almost insignificant, however, Bac Son has a lot of potential to be able to bring many important contributions to socio-economic development, build the image of tourism and be one of the most important tourist destinations of Lang Son province in the coming time. With its location in the southwest of Lang Son province, Bac Son can be located on the inter-district and inter-provincial tourist route in the Northeast sub-region, and can connect with other tourist destinations in Lang Son province and Thai Nguyen, Bac Giang, Cao Bang, Bac Kan and Quang Ninh provinces to form an attractive intra-provincial, inter-provincial and inter-regional tourist route. National Highway 279 from Bac Kan running through Binh Gia district connecting with National Highway 1B near Bac Son will create an opportunity for Bac Son to connect with other tourist destinations in the provinces in the Northeast sub-region, including Quang Ninh to form an inter-regional tourist route along National Highway 279. Located near the center of the Northeast sub-region, Bac Son can become an important link and highlight in tourism programs in the region.
Sub-region. The development of Bac Son tourism in connection with famous tourist destinations in the Northeast sub-region such as Nui Coc Lake, Ba Be Lake, Ban Gioc Waterfall, Mau Son, ... and other tourist destinations will form eco-tourism products, mountain and lake resorts, adventure tourism, cultural tourism specific to the Northeast sub-region and create its own appeal and important highlight of the entire sub-region.
Located about 80 km from Lang Son city, Thai Nguyen city, 130 km from Hanoi capital, but conveniently connected to Hanoi - Thai Nguyen expressway and National Highway 1B connecting from Thai Nguyen to Bac Son and from Lang Son to Bac Son, creating favorable conditions to attract tourists from Hanoi, Thai Nguyen and Lang Son, especially weekend vacationers, contributing to limiting seasonality, extending the length of stay and increasing spending of tourists.
Although the Master Plan for Tourism Development of Lang Son Province identifies Bac Son as part of the Binh Gia - Bac Son tourism cluster, it has not really emphasized the tourism potential of Bac Son. According to the research team of the Institute for Tourism Development Research, Bac Son must be one of the three main highlights of Lang Son tourism (Lang Son City - Mau Son Tourist Area - Bac Son). Correctly identifying the position and role of Bac Son in the tourism development orientation of Lang Son Province and prioritizing investment resources for Bac Son will truly create a driving force to promote tourism development of the province in the coming time.
3.1.2. Position and role of Bac Son ecotourism in the socio-economic development of Bac Son district
With the characteristics of a mountainous district, with many ethnic minorities living, although the potential for natural and cultural tourism is quite diverse, but due to difficult economic conditions, for a long time both the province and the district have not really paid attention to the orientation, have policies to invest resources for tourism development, so up to now there has been no tourism investment project in Bac Son other than supporting Quynh Son community tourism village. Technical facilities serving tourism development are still very limited. The quality of tourism services is still low, human resources serving tourism are almost untrained. Bac Son's tourism products are still very monotonous and do not meet the needs of tourists. Bac Son tourism has only spontaneously formed in recent years and has almost not been
shaping and developing. Therefore, tourism contributes almost insignificantly to the socio-economic development of the district.
However, facing the trend of spontaneous tourists coming to enjoy the landscape of Bac Son valley, especially during the ripe rice season and buckwheat flower season, recently, Lang Son province and especially the Party Committee and the Bac Son district government have changed their perception, paying great attention to finding a real direction for Bac Son tourism to unleash the potential and strengths to promote tourism development. The decision to develop a tourism development project until 2025 of the district demonstrates the district's political determination in orienting tourism development in a scientific and methodical manner to maximize the potential and strengths for tourism development, affirming the role and position of tourism in the socio-economic development of the district, contributing to restructuring the local economy towards increasing the proportion of tourism - services in the general economic structure.
In general, with diverse tourism potential, different in both nature and culture, especially the majestic mountainous beauty of Bac Son valley, the values of special national historical revolutionary relics and the cultural identity of Bac Son ethnic groups, Bac Son tourism has the opportunity and conditions to develop and affirm its important position and role in the tourism development of Lang Son province, of the Northeast sub-region of the Northern midland and mountainous region and contribute to the general tourism development of the whole country as well as to the socio-economic development of the locality. The important thing is that the Party Committee, government and people of Bac Son district have a correct understanding of the position and role of tourism, are truly interested, unanimously participate, know how to arouse potential, encourage and attract many investment resources to develop tourism, build Bac Son to truly become an attractive destination for both domestic and international tourists.
3.1.3. Assessment of the current status of ecotourism development in Bac Son district in the period 2015-2017
3.1.3.1. Tourists
In the general context of Vietnam, the economy is flourishing, people's material and spiritual life is improving, people's needs for tourism, relaxation, cultural exploration and festivals are increasing rapidly.
To evaluate the fluctuations of tourists to Bac Son district, I analyzed three contents related to tourists: Fluctuations in the number of visitors, fluctuations in length of stay and finally I analyzed the fluctuations in the structure of tourists.
To evaluate the fluctuation in the number of visitors to Bac Son in the three years 2015 - 2017, I have the following data table:
Table 3.1. Tourist situation to Bac Son in the period 2015 - 2017
Year
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |
- Total number of guests | 9,700 | 13,500 | 17,500 |
% growth compared to last year | 73.21% | 39.18% | 29.63% |
Average annual growth rate | 47.00 % | ||
International guests | 1,700 | 2,250 | 3,470 |
% growth compared to last year | 61.90% | 32.35% | 54.22% |
Average annual growth rate | 49.00 % | ||
Domestic guests | 8,000 | 11,250 | 14,030 |
% growth compared to last year | 75.82% | 40.63% | 24.71% |
Average annual growth rate | 47.00 % | ||
Maybe you are interested!
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Ui Distances for Determining Z Position Function [13] -
Studies on the Role of Local People in Ecotourism Development -
Determining the Competitive Position of Tourism Products and the Appropriate Growth Strategy -
Position and Role of Nvl – Ccdc in Production and Business
Source: - Department of Culture and Information of Bac Son district
- District Statistics Office
Through the table of arrivals in the period 2015 - 2017, we can see that the number of visitors to Bac Son is increasing day by day. However, compared to the potential and strengths, the tourism industry's activities are not commensurate with the potential and strengths of the district. Table 3.1 shows that the number of visitors each year is quite stable, the average annual growth rate is 47.00%, in which the average growth rate of international visitors in the three years is 49.00%, domestic visitors is 47.00%. Most tourists to Bac Son are visitors for entertainment or visitors who combine entertainment with work; there are also groups of visitors who combine visiting relatives with entertainment. On the other hand, through the table of annual visitor fluctuations in the district, we can see that the large proportion is domestic visitors. The average growth rate of domestic visitors is
47.00%. Tourists often travel in groups to many places to visit, so the ratio of guests staying to the rate of visitors is usually very small, specifically, guests staying only accounted for 12.00% in 2015, by 2016 the rate of guests staying decreased to 11.00% and 10.00% was the rate of guests staying in 2017. This is one of the reasons for the decrease in tourism revenue. People's lives are increasingly improved, so this is not only a weekend destination for the capital's residents, but also attracts many tourists nationwide. On the other hand, we see that the target number of visitors of the tourist area is domestic visitors, but the average growth rate of domestic visitors is 47.00% lower than the average growth rate of international visitors. The growth rate of international visitors is 49.00% higher than that of domestic visitors. Although international tourists are not the target customers, they are a market that can generate large revenues, because these are tourists who are willing to pay high and have a good awareness of protecting the ecological environment. However, the number of these tourists has not increased significantly. The reason why ecotourism destinations are not attractive to tourists may be due to the poor foreign language proficiency of the workforce in these places, the tourist areas do not have signs in foreign languages, the advertisements are all in Vietnamese, the quality of accommodation and services is still poor and does not meet the requirements of tourists.
Tourists come to Bac Son by road from Hanoi via Thai Nguyen or from Lang Son city via National Highway 1B, visitors from other provinces via National Highway 279. The number of tourists coming to Bac Son is low, the length of stay of visitors is also low. Because Bac Son tourism products are not attractive, the infrastructure is still poor, both in quantity and quality.
In general, tourists coming to Bac Son recently are mainly domestic tourists from Hanoi and some neighboring provinces, mainly backpackers.
Foreign tourists to Bac Son mainly come from some European countries, Korea, Japan, and foreigners living and working in Hanoi. Foreign tourists travel independently or in small groups. Domestic and international tourists who stay often stay at some families that provide homestay accommodation and food services at Quynh Son Community Cultural Tourism Village. Tourists from surrounding areas go to festivals, sightseeing, picnics, and business trips, and that is the main source of visitors, while pure tourists who travel on tours and routes are few.
Table 3.2: Fluctuation in guest stay in the period 2015 - 2017
Target
Unit | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |
Number of visitors | Hit guest | 9,700 | 13,500 | 17,500 |
Number of guests staying | Hit guest | 1,200 | 1,500 | 1,800 |
- Guest occupancy rate | Proportion % | 12.37 | 11.11 | 10.28 |
- Length of stay | Day | |||
International guests | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | |
Domestic guests | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
Source: Department of Culture and Information
Bac Son's accommodation facilities are only average, there are no international standard hotels, the equipment used in the rooms is only at a normal level, many rooms only have electric fans, no air conditioning, so it is not attractive to guests.
Although the number of visitors to Bac Son is still increasing, the average number of days of stay is very low. Tourists to Bac Son are mainly for sightseeing, while those staying at the hotel account for a small proportion, not exceeding 15%, so the average spending per visitor is very low. Tourists to Bac Son are mainly from Hanoi and neighboring provinces, so this is also one of the reasons for the short length of stay. Therefore, in the future, there needs to be development in infrastructure and promotion so that the number of visitors increases more strongly, worthy of the tourism potential of the district.
3.1.3.2. Total revenue from tourists
Since 2015, Bac Son's tourism revenue has been increasing. However, this figure is very low for an economic sector considered to play an important role in the socio-economic development orientation of the district.
*Total revenue from tourism in Bac Son: This is the revenue from tourists in Bac Son district, including all revenue paid by tourists, which is revenue from accommodation, food and beverage, transportation, shopping, entertainment... and other services. These payments not only bring in a source of income