Data on Buddhist Temples, Clergy, and Followers in Vinh Phuc

Buddhists are 11,000 people. Over the years, all activities of monks and nuns have been in accordance with the principles and purposes of the church. Many activities such as Buddha's birthday and Vu Lan ceremonies have been supported by the masses and followers, thereby propagating the Dharma and calling on Buddhists to effectively participate in local activities. Eliminate superstition, contribute to maintaining political security, social order and safety and cultural life in the locality. Carry out social charity work well.

- Buddhism in Binh Xuyen district currently has 45 pagodas and 35 monks and nuns studying and practicing, of which 14 pagodas have abbots and concurrent abbots and the number of Buddhists is 25,400. In recent years, monks and nuns and Buddhists in the district have carried out social charity movements well. The district Buddhist Executive Committee has mobilized monks and nuns and Buddhists to actively participate in building the great national unity bloc; actively protect traditional customs and traditions, preserve national identity; promote the tradition of serving religion, loving the country, stabilizing, inheriting, developing, benefiting the country and the people.

- The Buddhist Sangha of Phuc Yen city currently has 25 pagodas and 30 monks and nuns studying and practicing, of which 17 pagodas have abbots and concurrent abbots and the number of Buddhists is 12,000 people. Over the years, monks, nuns and Buddhists have operated in accordance with the principles and purposes of the Sangha. Buddhist activities such as propagating the Dharma, guiding Buddhists, renovating and building temples, and charity work have achieved high efficiency, meeting the spiritual needs of the people and Buddhists. The Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in the city has continued the tradition of compassion and wisdom of Buddhism, spreading Buddhist teachings to the masses, contributing to building a rich and civilized homeland.

- Tam Dao district Buddhism currently has 39 pagodas and 240 monks and nuns studying and practicing, of which 9 pagodas have abbots and concurrent abbots and the number of Buddhists is 14,000 people. In the past time, the district Buddhist Executive Committee has done a good job in Buddhist affairs, actively mobilizing monks, nuns and Buddhists to practice.

Implement well the Party's policies and the State's laws and participate in local movements such as new rural construction, charity work, and coordinate with organizations to participate in local socio-economic development activities.

Table 2.1: Data on places of worship, dignitaries, and Buddhist followers in Vinh Phuc

Name

Monastery	Abbot (People)	Monks and Nuns (People)	Believer (People)
Vinh Yen City	24	14	70	12,000
Tam Duong	67	8	25	17,107
Lap Thach	54	8	40	18,636
Lo River	31	6	55	9,685
Vinh Tuong	82	31	65	25,172
Yen Lac	54	18	38	11,000
Binh Xuyen	45	14	35	25,400
Phuc Yen City	25	17	30	12,000
Tam Dao	39	9	240	14,000
Total	421	125	598	145,000

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• Qos Assurance Methods for Multimedia Communications zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gs zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts low. The EF PHB requires a sufficiently large number of output ports to provide low delay, low loss, and low jitter. EF PHBs can be implemented if the output port's bandwidth is sufficiently large, combined with small buffer sizes and other network resources dedicated to EF packets, to allow the router's service rate for EF packets on an output port to exceed the arrival rate λ of packets at that port. This means that packets with PHB EF are considered with a pre-allocated amount of output bandwidth and a priority that ensures minimum loss, minimum delay and minimum jitter before being put into operation. PHB EF is suitable for channel simulation, leased line simulation, and real-time services such as voice, video without compromising on high loss, delay and jitter values. Figure 2.10 Example of EF installation Figure 2.10 shows an example of an EF PHB implementation. This is a simple priority queue scheduling technique. At the edges of the DS domain, EF packet traffic is prioritized according to the values ​​agreed upon by the SLA. The EF queue in the figure needs to output packets at a rate higher than the packet arrival rate λ. To provide an EF PHB over an end-to-end DS domain, bandwidth at the output ports of the core routers needs to be allocated in advance to ensure the requirement μ > λ. This can be done by a pre-configured provisioning process. In the figure, EF packets are placed in the priority queue (the upper queue). With such a length, the queue can operate with μ > λ. Since EF was primarily used for real-time services such as voice and video, and since real-time services use UDP instead of TCP, RED is generally not suitable for EF queues because applications using UDP will not respond to random packet drop and RED will strip unnecessary packets. 2.2.4.2 Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB PHB AF is defined by RFC 2597. The purpose of PHB AF is to deliver packets reliably and therefore delay and jitter are considered less important than packet loss. PHB AF is suitable for non-real-time services such as applications using TCP. PHB AF first defines four classes: AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4. For each of these AF classes, packets are then classified into three subclasses with three distinct priority levels. Table 2.8 shows the four AF classes and 12 AF subclasses and the DSCP values ​​for the 12 AF subclasses defined by RFC 2597. RFC 2597 also allows for more than three separate priority levels to be added for internal use. However, these separate priority levels will only have internal significance. PHB Class PHB Subclass Package type DSCP AF4 AF41 Short 100010 AF42 Medium 100100 AF43 High 100110 AF3 AF31 Short 011010 AF32 Medium 011100 AF33 High 011110 AF2 AF21 Short 010010 AF22 Medium 010100 AF23 High 010110 AF1 AF11 Short 001010 AF12 Medium 001100 AF13 High 001110 Table 2.8 AF DSCPs The AF PHB ensures that packets are forwarded with a high probability of delivery to the destination within the bounds of the rate agreed upon in an SLA. If AF traffic at an ingress port exceeds the pre-priority rate, which is considered non-compliant or “out of profile”, the excess packets will not be delivered to the destination with the same probability as the packets belonging to the defined traffic or “in profile” packets. When there is network congestion, the out of profile packets are dropped before the in profile packets are dropped. When service levels are defined using AF classes, different quantity and quality between AF classes can be realized by allocating different amounts of bandwidth and buffer space to the four AF classes. Unlike EF, most AF traffic is non-real-time traffic using TCP, and the RED queue management strategy is an AQM (Adaptive Queue Management) strategy suitable for use in AF PHBs. The four AF PHB layers can be implemented as four separate queues. The output port bandwidth is divided into four AF queues. For each AF queue, packets are marked with three “colors” corresponding to three separate priority levels. In addition to the 32 DSCP 1 groups defined in Table 2.8, 21 DSCPs have been standardized as follows: one for PHB EF, 12 for PHB AF, and 8 for CSCP. There are 11 DSCP 1 groups still available for other standards. 2.2.5.Example of Differentiated Services We will look at an example of the Differentiated Service model and mechanism of operation. The architecture of Differentiated Service consists of two basic sets of functions: Edge functions: include packet classification and traffic conditioning. At the inbound edge of the network, incoming packets are marked. In particular, the DS field in the packet header is set to a certain value. For example, in Figure 2.12, packets sent from H1 to H3 are marked at R1, while packets from H2 to H4 are marked at R2. The labels on the received packets identify the service class to which they belong. Different traffic classes receive different services in the core network. The RFC definition uses the term behavior aggregate rather than the term traffic class. After being marked, a packet can be forwarded immediately into the network, delayed for a period of time before being forwarded, or dropped. We will see that there are many factors that affect how a packet is marked, and whether it is forwarded immediately, delayed, or dropped. Figure 2.12 DiffServ Example Core functionality: When a DS-marked packet arrives at a Diffservcapable router, the packet is forwarded to the next router based on Per-hop behavior is associated with packet classes. Per-hop behavior affects router buffers and the bandwidth shared between competing classes. An important principle of the Differentiated Service architecture is that a router's per-hop behavior is based only on the packet's marking or the class to which it belongs. Therefore, if packets sent from H1 to H3 as shown in the figure receive the same marking as packets from H2 to H4, then the network routers treat the packets exactly the same, regardless of whether the packet originated from H1 or H2. For example, R3 does not distinguish between packets from h1 and H2 when forwarding packets to R4. Therefore, the Differentiated Service architecture avoids the need to maintain router state about separate source-destination pairs, which is important for network scalability. Chapter Conclusion Chapter 2 has presented and clarified two main models of deploying and installing quality of service in IP networks. While the traditional best-effort model has many disadvantages, later models such as IntServ and DiffServ have partly solved the problems that best-effort could not solve. IntServ follows the direction of ensuring quality of service for each separate flow, it is built similar to the circuit switching model with the use of the RSVP resource reservation protocol. IntSer is suitable for services that require fixed bandwidth that is not shared such as VoIP services, multicast TV services. However, IntSer has disadvantages such as using a lot of network resources, low scalability and lack of flexibility. DiffServ was born with the idea of ​​solving the disadvantages of the IntServ model. DiffServ follows the direction of ensuring quality based on the principle of hop-by-hop behavior based on the priority of marked packets. The policy for different types of traffic is decided by the administrator and can be changed according to reality, so it is very flexible. DiffServ makes better use of network resources, avoiding idle bandwidth and processing capacity on routers. In addition, the DifServ model can be deployed on many independent domains, so the ability to expand the network becomes easy. Chapter 3: METHODS TO ENSURE QoS FOR MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS In packet-switched networks, different packet flows often have to share the transmission medium all the way to the destination station. To ensure the fair and efficient allocation of bandwidth to flows, appropriate serving mechanisms are required at network nodes, especially at gateways or routers, where many different data flows often pass through. The scheduler is responsible for serving packets of the selected flow and deciding which packet will be served next. Here, a flow is understood as a set of packets belonging to the same priority class, or originating from the same source, or having the same source and destination addresses, etc. In normal state when there is no congestion, packets will be sent as soon as they are delivered. In case of congestion, if QoS assurance methods are not applied, prolonged congestion can cause packet drops, affecting service quality. In some cases, congestion is prolonged and widespread in the network, which can easily lead to the network being "frozen", or many packets being dropped, seriously affecting service quality. Therefore, in this chapter, in sections 3.2 and 3.3, we introduce some typical network traffic load monitoring techniques to predict and prevent congestion before it occurs through the measure of dropping (removing) packets early when there are signs of impending congestion. 3.1. DropTail method DropTail is a simple, traditional queue management method based on FIFO mechanism. All incoming packets are placed in the queue, when the queue is full, the later packets are dropped. Due to its simplicity and ease of implementation, DropTail has been used for many years on Internet router systems. However, this algorithm has the following disadvantages: − Cannot avoid the phenomenon of “Lock out”: Occurs when 1 or several traffic streams monopolize the queue, making packets of other connections unable to pass through the router. This phenomenon greatly affects reliable transmission protocols such as TCP. According to the anti-congestion algorithm, when locked out, the TCP connection stream will reduce the window size and reduce the packet transmission speed exponentially. − Can cause Global Synchronization: This is the result of a severe “Lock out” phenomenon. Some neighboring routers have their queues monopolized by a number of connections, causing a series of other TCP connections to be unable to pass through and simultaneously reducing the transmission speed. After those monopolized connections are temporarily suspended, Once the queue is cleared, it takes a considerable amount of time for TCP connections to return to their original speed. − Full Queue phenomenon: Data transmitted on the Internet often has an explosion, packets arriving at the router are often in clusters rather than in turn. Therefore, the operating mechanism of DropTail makes the queue easily full for a long period of time, leading to the average delay time of large packets. To avoid this phenomenon, with DropTail, the only way is to increase the router's buffer, this method is very expensive and ineffective. − No QoS guarantee: With the DropTail mechanism, there is no way to prioritize important packets to be transmitted through the router earlier when all are in the queue. Meanwhile, with multimedia communication, ensuring connection and stable speed is extremely important and the DropTail algorithm cannot satisfy. The problem of choosing the buffer size of the routers in the network is to “absorb” short bursts of traffic without causing too much queuing delay. This is necessary in bursty data transmission. The queue size determines the size of the packet bursts (traffic spikes) that we want to be able to transmit without being dropped at the routers. In IP-based application networks, packet dropping is an important mechanism for indirectly reporting congestion to end stations. A solution that prevents router queues from filling up while reducing the packet drop rate is called dynamic queue management. 3.2. Random elimination method – RED 3.2.1 Overview RED (Random Early Detection of congestion; Random Early Drop) is one of the first AQM algorithms proposed in 1993 by Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson, two scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California, USA. Due to its outstanding advantages compared to previous queue management algorithms, RED has been widely installed and deployed on the Internet. The most fundamental point of their work is that the most effective place to detect congestion and react to it is at the gateway or router. Source entities (senders) can also do this by estimating end-to-end delay, throughput variability, or the rate of packet retransmissions due to drop. However, the sender and receiver view of a particular connection cannot tell which gateways on the network are congested, and cannot distinguish between propagation delay and queuing delay. Only the gateway has a true view of the state of the queue, the link share of the connections passing through it at any given time, and the quality of service requirements of the traffic flows. The RED gateway monitors the average queue length, which detects early signs of impending congestion (average queue length exceeding a predetermined threshold) and reacts appropriately in one of two ways: − Drop incoming packets with a certain probability, to indirectly inform the source of congestion, the source needs to reduce the transmission rate to keep the queue from filling up, maintaining the ability to absorb incoming traffic spikes. − Mark “congestion” with a certain probability in the ECN field in the header of TCP packets to notify the source (the receiving entity will copy this bit into the acknowledgement packet). Figure 3. 1 RED algorithm The main goal of RED is to avoid congestion by keeping the average queue size within a sufficiently small and stable region, which also means keeping the queuing delay sufficiently small and stable. Achieving this goal also helps: avoid global synchronization, not resist bursty traffic flows (i.e. flows with low average throughput but high volatility), and maintain an upper bound on the average queue size even in the absence of cooperation from transport layer protocols. To achieve the above goals, RED gateways must do the following: − The first is to detect congestion early and react appropriately to keep the average queue size small enough to keep the network operating in the low latency, high throughput region, while still allowing the queue size to fluctuate within a certain range to absorb short-term fluctuations. As discussed above, the gateway is the most appropriate place to detect congestion and is also the most appropriate place to decide which specific connection to report congestion to. − The second thing is to notify the source of congestion. This is done by marking and notifying the source to reduce traffic. Normally the RED gateway will randomly drop packets. However, if congestion If congestion is detected before the queue is full, it should be combined with packet marking to signal congestion. The RED gateway has two options: drop or mark; where marking is done by marking the ECN field of the packet with a certain probability, to signal the source to reduce the traffic entering the network. − An important goal that RED gateways need to achieve is to avoid global synchronization and not to resist traffic flows that have a sudden characteristic. Global synchronization occurs when all connections simultaneously reduce their transmission window size, leading to a severe drop in throughput at the same time. On the other hand, Drop Tail or Random Drop strategies are very sensitive to sudden flows; that is, the gateway queue will often overflow when packets from these flows arrive. To avoid these two phenomena, gateways can use special algorithms to detect congestion and decide which connections will be notified of congestion at the gateway. The RED gateway randomly selects incoming packets to mark; with this method, the probability of marking a packet from a particular connection is proportional to the connection's shared bandwidth at the gateway. − Another goal is to control the average queue size even without cooperation from the source entities. This can be done by dropping packets when the average size exceeds an upper threshold (instead of marking it). This approach is necessary in cases where most connections have transmission times that are less than the round-trip time, or where the source entities are not able to reduce traffic in response to marking or dropping packets (such as UDP flows). 3.2.2 Algorithm This section describes the algorithm for RED gateways. RED gateways calculate the average queue size using a low-pass filter. This average queue size is compared with two thresholds: minth and maxth. When the average queue size is less than the lower threshold, no incoming packets are marked or dropped; when the average queue size is greater than the upper threshold, all incoming packets are dropped. When the average queue size is between minth and maxth, each incoming packet is marked or dropped with a probability pa, where pa is a function of the average queue size avg; the probability of marking or dropping a packet for a particular connection is proportional to the bandwidth share of that connection at the gateway. The general algorithm for a RED gateway is described as follows: [5] For each packet arrival Caculate the average queue size avg If minth ≤ avg < maxth div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:Wingdings; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-d
• Pre-tax Profit of Bidv Tien Giang in the Period 2011-2015 zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gsnon-credit services, joint stock commercial bank zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts At that time, the Branch had to set aside a provision for credit risks, which reduced the Branch's income. Chart 2.2. Pre-tax profit of BIDV Tien Giang in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Billion VND 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 63.3 80.34 89.29 110.08 131.99 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Profit before tax (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) However, through chart 2.2, it can be seen that BIDV Tien Giang's profit is still increasing continuously, and its operating efficiency is currently leaking. This is a contribution of non-credit services, and this service segment will be increasingly focused on growth by BIDV Tien Giang to ensure the highest profit safety because credit activities have many potential risks. At the same time, focusing on developing non-credit services is consistent with one of the contents of restructuring the financial activities of credit institutions in the project "Restructuring the system of credit institutions in the period 2011-2015" approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No. 254/QD-TTg dated March 1, 2012 [14]: "Gradually shifting the business model of commercial banks towards reducing dependence on credit activities and increasing income from non-credit services". 2.2. Current status of non-credit service development at BIDV Tien Giang. 2.2.1. BIDV Tien Giang has deployed the development of non-credit services in recent times. Along with the development of the Head Office, BIDV Tien Giang's products and services are constantly improved and deployed in a diverse manner to ensure provision for many different customer groups in the area: individual customers, corporate customers, and financial institutions. Typical services are as follows: Payment services, treasury services, guarantee services, card services, trade finance, other services: Western Union, insurance commissions, consulting services, foreign exchange derivatives trading, e-banking services,... 2.2.1.1. Payment services: In accordance with the Prime Minister's Project to promote non-cash payments in Vietnam [15], banks in Tien Giang province have continuously developed payment services to reduce customers' cash usage habits through card services and electronic banking services such as: salary payment through accounts, focusing on developing card acceptance points, developing multi-purpose cards, paying social insurance by transfer, paying bills through banks, etc. Chart 2.3. Net income from payment services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 3922 4065 4720 5084 5324 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from payment services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Along with the technological development of the entire system, BIDV Tien Giang has a payment system with a fairly stable transaction processing speed, bringing many conveniences to customers. The results of observing chart 2.3 show that the income from payment services that the Branch has achieved has grown over the years but the speed is not high and the products are not outstanding compared to other banks. Domestic payment products such as: Online bill payment, electricity bills, water bills, insurance premiums, cable TV bills, telecommunications fees, airline tickets, etc. bring many conveniences to customers. Regarding international payment, this is an indispensable activity for foreign economic activities, BIDV Tien Giang is providing international payment methods for small enterprises producing agriculture, aquatic food and seafood that have credit relationships with banks in industrial parks in Tien Giang province such as: money transfer, collection, L/C payment. 2.2.1.2. Treasury services: BIDV Tien Giang always focuses on ensuring treasury safety and currency security, always complies with legal regulations, and minimizes risks in operations such as: counting and collecting money from customers, receiving and delivering internal transactions, collecting from the State Bank (SBV) or other credit institutions, receiving ATM funds, bundling money, etc. BIDV Tien Giang's treasury service management department is always fully equipped with modern machinery and equipment such as: money transport vehicles, fire prevention tools, money counters, money detectors, magnifying glasses, etc. to ensure absolute safety in treasury operations, immediately identifying real and fake money and other risks that may affect people and assets of the bank and customers. In addition, implementing regulation 2480/QC dated October 28, 2008 between the State Bank of Tien Giang province and the Provincial Police on coordination in the fight against counterfeit money, in the 3-year review of implementation, BIDV Tien Giang discovered, seized and submitted to the State Bank of Tien Giang province 475 banknotes of various denominations and was commended by the Provincial Police and the State Bank of Tien Giang province [17]. Chart 2.4. Net income from treasury services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 105 122 309 289 279 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from treasury services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) However, as shown in Figure 2.4, income from treasury operations is not high and fluctuates. Specifically, in the period 2011-2013, net income increased and increased most sharply in 2013, then in the period 2013-2015, there was a downward trend. This fluctuation is due to the fact that fees collected from treasury services are often very low and can even be waived to attract customers to use other services. 2.2.1.3. Guarantee and trade finance services: BIDV Tien Giang, thanks to the advantages of the province and the favorable location of the Branch, has continuously focused on developing income from guarantee services and trade finance. Chart 2.5. Net income from guarantee and trade finance services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 5193 5695 2742 3420 8889 3992 11604 12206 5143 5312 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from guarantee services Net income from Trade Finance (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Through chart 2.5, we can see that BIDV Tien Giang's income from guarantee services and trade finance has grown over the years. The reason is: Among BIDV Tien Giang's corporate customers, the construction industry is the industry with the highest proportion of customers after the trading industry, this is a group of customers with potential to develop guarantee services. The second group of customers is corporate customers in the fields of agricultural production, livestock and seafood processing with high import and export turnover in the area. are the target of trade finance development. In addition, BIDV Tien Giang also focuses on continuously developing these customer groups to increase revenue for many other products and services in the future. 2.2.1.4. Card and POS services: As a service that BIDV Tien Giang has recently developed strongly, it can be said that this is a very potential market and has the ability to develop even more strongly in the future. Card services with outstanding advantages such as fast payment time, wide payment range, quite safe, effective and suitable for the integration trend and the Project to promote non-cash payments in Vietnam. Cards have become a modern and popular payment tool. BIDV Tien Giang early identified that developing card services is to expand the market to people in society, create capital mobilized from card-opened accounts, contribute to diversifying banking activities, enhance the image of the bank, bring the BIDV Tien Giang brand to people as quickly and easily as possible. BIDV Tien Giang is currently providing card types such as: credit cards (BIDV MasterCard Platinum, BIDV Visa Gold Precious, BIDV Visa Manchester United, BIDV Visa Classic), international debit cards (BIDV Ready Card, BIDV Manu Debit Card), domestic debit cards (BIDV Harmony Card, BIDV eTrans Card, BIDV Moving Card, BIDV-Lingo Co-branded Card, BIDV-Co.opmart Co-branded Card). These cards can be paid via POS/EDC or on the ATM system. In addition, with debit cards, customers can not only withdraw money via ATMs but also perform utilities such as mobile top-up, online payment, money transfer,... through electronic banking services. In order to attract customers with card services, BIDV Tien Giang has continuously increased the installation of ATMs. As of December 31, 2015, BIDV Tien Giang has 23 ATMs combined with 7 ATMs in the same system of BIDV My Tho, so the number of ATMs is quite large, especially in the center of My Tho City, but is not yet fully present in the districts. Basic services on ATMs such as withdrawing money, checking balances, printing short statements,... BIDV ATMs accept cards from banks in the system. Banknetvn and Smartlink, cards branded by international card organizations Union Pay (CUP), VISA, MasterCard and cards of banks in the Asian Payment Network. From here, cardholders can make bill payments for themselves or others at ATMs, by simply entering the subscriber number or customer code, booking code that service providers notify and make bill payments. Chart 2.6. Net income from card services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 687 1023 1547 2267 3104 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from card services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Through chart 2.6, it can be seen that BIDV Tien Giang's card service income is constantly growing because the Branch focuses on developing businesses operating in industrial parks, which are the source of customers for salary payment products, ATMs, BSMS. Specifically, there are companies such as Freeview, Quang Viet, Dai Thanh, which are businesses with a large number of card openings at the Branch, contributing to the increase in card service fees [25]. Table 2.6. Number of ATMs and POS machines in 2015 of some banks in Tien Giang area. Unit: Machine STT Bank name Number of ATMs Cumulative number of ATM cards POS machine 1 BIDV Tien Giang 23 97,095 22 2 BIDV My Tho 7 21,325 0 3 Agribank Tien Giang 29 115,743 77 4 Vietinbank Tien Giang 16 100,052 54 5 Dong A Tien Giang 26 97,536 11 6 Sacombank Tien Giang 24 88,513 27 7 Vietcombank Tien Giang 15 61,607 96 8 Vietinbank - Tay Tien Giang Branch 6 46,042 38 (Source: 2015 Banking Activity Data Report of the General and Internal Control Department of the Provincial State Bank [21]) Through table 2.6, the author finds that the number of ATMs of BIDV Tien Giang is not much, ranking fourth after Agribank Tien Giang, Dong A Tien Giang, Sacombank Tien Giang. The number of POS machines of BIDV Tien Giang is very small, only higher than Dong A Tien Giang and BIDV My Tho in the initial stages of merging the BIDV system. Besides, BIDV Tien Giang has a high number of cards increasing over the years (table 2.7) but the cumulative number of cards issued up to December 31, 2015 is still relatively low compared to Agribank, Vietcombank, Dong A (table 2.6). div.maincontent .content_head3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Courier New", monospace; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; 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• Directions for Improving State Management of Tourism Activities in Dak Nong Province
• State management of compensation, support and resettlement when the State acquires land in Buon Ho town, Dak Lak province - 12
• Current Status of State Management Activities for Tourism Enterprises in Hanoi

Source: Author's synthesis

2.2.3. Current status of Buddhist activities in Vinh Phuc province

With the attention of the Party Committee, Government, Fatherland Front and functional agencies, monks, nuns, Buddhists and the Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in Vinh Phuc province have continued the tradition of compassion and wisdom of Buddhism, promoted the right faith, spread Buddhist teachings to the people, organized solemn, dignified, economical and highly effective ceremonies. Participated in local activities, maintained and renovated the temple landscape to become more and more spacious, serving as a spiritual support and a place to visit for tourists from all directions. Buddhist activities are demonstrated through the following activities [10]:

- About the work of the Sangha

The Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in Vinh Phuc province has 9 Executive Committees of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in districts and cities. In 2020, the Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in Vinh Phuc province issued decisions to appoint abbots for monks and nuns who requested to become abbots, such as: Appointing Venerable Thich Tue Lam Dat to be abbot of Chan Vu pagoda, Don Nhan commune, Song Lo; Appointing Venerable Thich Chieu Phat to concurrently be abbot of Cao Son pagoda, Ngoc My commune, Lap Thach; Appointing Venerable Thich Nu Dieu Giac to be abbot of Tay Thien Thien Tu pagoda, Dai Dinh, Tam Dao to replace Venerable Thich Dam Khang whose term of office as abbot has expired. At the same time, to ensure Buddhist activities in the locality, the Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in Vinh Phuc province issued decisions to dismiss, appoint, and transfer living areas, such as: Decision to approve Venerable Thich Dao Tinh to join the Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in Vinh Yen city; Appointing Venerable Thich Hue Can to resign from the position of Permanent Deputy Head of the Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in Tam Dao district; Decision to move the religious activities of Venerable Thich Duc Tue from Cao Thua Pagoda, Duy Phien, Tam Duong to Son Cao Pagoda, Ngo Quyen, Vinh Yen.

Every year, the Provincial Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha organizes the summer retreat for monks and nuns at 13 locations, including: Vinh Yen city: Ha Tien Pagoda with 35 monks, Bau Pagoda with 40 monks, Tich Son Pagoda with 10 monks; Tam Dao district: Truc Lam Tay Thien Zen Monastery with 87 monks, Truc Lam An Tam Zen Monastery with 22 monks, Tay Thien Monastery with 140 monks, Van Pagoda with 21 monks; Yen Lac district: Bien Son Pagoda with 35 monks; Vinh Tuong district: Linh Son Pagoda with 30 monks, Tung Van Pagoda with 34 monks; Phuc Yen city: Bao An Pagoda with 15 monks; Tam Duong district: Van Hoi Pagoda with 12 monks; Song Lo district: Truc Lam Tue Duc Zen Monastery with 67 monks. In 2020, the Provincial Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha also organized the Vinh Phuc province's Great Ordination Platform at the end of December with 173 monks participating.

Regarding some complicated issues at some pagodas in the province, in recent years, some establishments such as Gia Du Pagoda (Vinh Tuong), Nga Hoang Pagoda (Tam Dao), Thinh Ky Pagoda (Phuc Yen), Cao Thua Pagoda (Tam Duong)

Many complicated problems have occurred, leading to a prolonged petition situation, causing insecurity and disorder. The Provincial Executive Committee has directed the District Executive Committee to grasp the situation, organize meetings to resolve the issue and report to the Provincial Executive Committee. Up to now, the situation has been basically stable but there are still many potential problems. Some abbots have had complicated conflicts with the people during their Buddhist activities, such as the case of Venerable Thich Quang Hy - Abbot of Thanh Lanh Pagoda (Binh Xuyen). Thuy Yen Pagoda, Dao Tu Commune, Tam Duong District: Bhikkhu Thich Tue Can is a monk from another province but came to practice illegally, although the Provincial Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha has issued many documents not approving Bhikkhu Thich Tue Can's request to be abbot, because he does not meet the standards according to the regulations of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha of Vinh Phuc Province. However, the Bhikkhu still practices illegally, and the agencies in the village, commune and district have not resolved the issue, leading to petitions and lawsuits.

In general, all activities of monks and nuns in the province are stable. Monks and nuns and Buddhists are united, harmonious and fulfill their duties as monks and nuns and are aware of their responsibilities as citizens in accordance with the principles and purposes of the Central Buddhist Sangha and the laws of the State.

- On the activities of educating monks and nuns and guiding Buddhists

Education of monks and nuns, due to the conditions of the Provincial Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha, has not been able to open schools and classes to train newly ordained monks and nuns to study and improve their professional knowledge of internal and external scriptures. However, with the attention of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha and other provinces, it has created conditions for monks and nuns to integrate into the common activities of the Sangha and update their knowledge, serving well the common needs of the Sangha in each locality. The Provincial Executive Committee of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha has contacted and introduced monks and nuns who are qualified to participate in the entrance exam to Buddhist schools, such as: Introducing monks from Ha Tien Pagoda (Vinh Yen), including Thich Dao Quang, to study for a bachelor's degree in Buddhism at Phap Co Son University in Taiwan, Thich Dao Nguyen and Thich Dao Nguyen to study for a bachelor's degree in Buddhism at Dharamsala Academy in India; introducing monk Thich Hue Binh of Truc Lam Tay Thien Zen Monastery.

(Tam Dao) and Thich Nguyen Tri of Luc Dien pagoda (Vinh Tuong) to study at the Ho Chi Minh City Buddhist Academy; introduce monk Thich Duc Hieu of Cao Thua pagoda (Tam Duong), Thich Truc Bao Dung of Van Son pagoda (Tam Dao), nun Thich Dieu An of Van Long pagoda (Song Lo), Thich Nu Hue Tu of Truc Lam Tay Thien Zen Monastery (Tam Dao), Thich Nu Dieu Tinh of Am pagoda (Lap Thach) to study at the Vietnam Buddhist Academy in Hanoi.

In terms of guiding Buddhists, pagodas in the province have done a good job of guiding Buddhists to chant, worship and preach to Buddhists about the duties of lay Buddhists on the 1st and 15th of each month. Due to the complicated developments of the Covid 19 epidemic, pagodas in the province have strictly implemented epidemic prevention work in accordance with the call of the Government and the Church. During the Buddha's birthday, due to the impact of the epidemic, pagodas did not organize large gatherings but were still solemn according to the Dharma at the facilities; Pagodas all organized Vu Lan ceremonies with many forms such as lectures, releasing flower lanterns, writing letters to parents... Thereby helping to nurture the faith in the Dharma of Buddhists, the masses and the youth, promoting goodness, pushing back superstitions, contributing to building a civilized society, and consolidating the morality of compatriots and people in the province.

- About Dharma Propagation Activities

Through the activities of the Central Propagation Board of the Buddhist Sangha and the province's own propagation program, during traditional holidays, monks, nuns and Buddhists can listen to sermons from religious dignitaries such as the provincial Buddha's Birthday held at Bao Son Pagoda - Vinh Yen, and the summer retreat at the summer schools in the province. In addition, pagodas in the province have regularly organized propagation activities to bring the light of Buddhist teachings to Buddhist people such as Bao An Pagoda (Phuc Yen), Bao Son Pagoda (Vinh Yen) regularly organize monthly Eight Precepts retreats.

for Buddhists. Truc Lam Tay Thien Zen Monastery and Van Son Pagoda (Tam Dao) have held lectures and introduced the history of Buddhism to Buddhists who come to worship Buddha.

- About charity activities

Social charity activities are one of the religious and life-giving activities in line with the spirit of compassion and relief of suffering of Buddhism, especially during the period when the whole country joins hands to prevent the Covid 19 epidemic and turn to the Central provinces affected by storms and floods. Therefore, despite many difficulties, with the tradition of helping each other, monks, nuns and Buddhists have voluntarily contributed and called on followers to support money to join hands in preventing the Covid 19 epidemic, compatriots in the Central provinces affected by storms and floods and helping families in difficult circumstances, disabled children and orphans with a total value of 6.4 billion VND [10]. In addition, free medical examination and treatment activities are also carried out for people in the province.

- About Ceremonial and Cultural Activities

Monks, nuns and Buddhists in the province have well implemented the Church's circular on organizing traditional ritual activities such as: Lunar New Year, Full Moon Festival in January, Quan Am Bodhisattva's birthday, Buddha's birthday, Vu Lan festival, traditional festivals of pagodas... Ritual and cultural activities are performed solemnly, dignifiedly but economically. Eliminate superstitious practices, build a new cultural lifestyle.

- On the work of restoring monasteries and protecting the fatherland

Regarding restoration work, the province currently has 421 pagodas, many of which are ranked as national and provincial historical relics. In recent years, with the attention of authorities at all levels and the contributions of monks, nuns, and Buddhists from near and far, many pagodas and towers have been restored and newly built. This has created a solemn Buddhist atmosphere to serve Buddhist followers and tourists.

62

Regarding the work of building and protecting the country, in the work of building and protecting the country, monks, nuns and Buddhists in the province have actively responded to the movement to protect national security, maintain local security and order such as the movement "5 management, 3 protection, 3 prevention" in Yen Lac and Vinh Tuong districts. Some typical monks and nuns have participated in the People's Councils at all levels, thereby contributing opinions reflecting the voices of monks and nuns to the local government.

2.3. Current status of state management of Buddhist activities in Vinh Phuc province

2.3.1. Develop and organize the implementation of state legal policies and documents on Buddhism in the province.

Originating from the people's need for Buddhist activities in the period of renovation and the requirement to implement state management of religions, including Buddhism. Currently, the system of legal documents on religion in our country includes:

- The 2013 Constitution, in Article 24, continues to affirm: “Everyone has the right to freedom of belief and religion, to follow or not to follow any religion. Religions are equal before the law. The State respects and protects the right to freedom of belief and religion. No one is allowed to violate the freedom of belief and religion or take advantage of religious beliefs to violate the law” [35].

- Along with the amendment of the Constitution, on November 18, 2016, the 14th National Assembly in its 4th session issued the Law on Belief and Religion, effective from January 1, 2018, replacing the 2004 Ordinance on Belief and Religion, with more specific, complete and clear provisions to meet the needs of religious activities in the trend of international integration. At the same time, the Government also promptly issued Decree No. 162/2017/ND-CP, dated December 30, 2017, detailing a number of articles and measures to implement the Law on Belief and Religion.

- Regarding the issue of housing and land management related to religion, on December 31, 2008, the Prime Minister issued Directive 1940/2008/CT-TTg on

Regarding houses and land related to religion, the Directive requires ministries, branches, and provincial and municipal People's Committees to focus on rectifying the management and use of houses and land related to religion; review master plans on land management and use, and direct the timely resolution of house and land issues related to religion, ensuring harmony between religious interests and national interests.

- Decree No. 110/2018/ND-CP dated August 29, 2018 of the Government regulating the organization of festivals.

- Joint Circular No. 04/2014/BVHTTDL-BNV, dated May 30, 2014 of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Ministry of Home Affairs guiding the implementation of civilized lifestyle at religious establishments.

- Decision No. 199/QD-BNV, dated January 31, 2018 of the Ministry of Home Affairs on promulgating administrative procedures in the field of beliefs and religions under the management scope of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

In addition to the above legal documents, the National Assembly, the Government and ministries and branches also issued many laws, decrees and circulars guiding religious dignitaries and followers to conduct religious activities in accordance with state laws such as the Land Law, the Education Law, the Law on Medical Examination and Treatment and documents guiding their implementation.

It can be affirmed that the legal system related to religion of our country in recent years has been increasingly renewed, more complete, well meeting the religious freedom needs of Buddhist followers; expanding the scope and being more open to the religious needs of the people. Creating conditions for Buddhist organizations to operate. Buddhism in Vietnam is increasingly participating in social activities, helping the relationship between Buddhist organizations and the State and authorities at all levels become increasingly closer. Buddhist followers are increasingly patriotic, attached to their homeland and religious organizations in the spirit of "Protecting the nation, bringing peace to the people".

In order to concretize the policies of the Party and State on religion, the Vinh Phuc Provincial Government has developed and issued many documents of