Dang Thi Ha (2010), Mobilizing Non-Budgetary Capital to Implement Highway Construction Projects in Vietnam, Labor Protection Magazine, July 2010,

- Focus on improving the capacity of policy planning, design consultancy, and organization and management of highway development projects for relevant officials.

- Prepare and develop human resources to implement highway construction projects, focusing on technical labor force such as engineers, technicians, and appropriate technical workers.

- Develop human resources capable of organizing, managing, exploiting and operating highway projects, and developing services associated with highway projects.

+ Recommendations on science and technology

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Investment in the development of the highway system must be in line with the trend and apply progress combined with modern technology, especially for highways, projects with long-term use value. The organization of exploitation, use and development of services related to highway projects must apply advanced measures to ensure investment efficiency and the efficiency of the entire system.

- Research and apply scientific advances in the field of highway construction and development; develop and perfect standards, processes and regulations in areas such as survey, design, construction, acceptance, exploitation and maintenance of highway works.

Research on new technology applications and new materials in highway construction and development.

Research on organizational models and management of highway projects in countries with developed highway systems.

Research to develop regulations on standards and norms related to equipment for exploitation and use of highway works and transportation services to improve efficiency and exploitation and use.

Investing in exploiting new technological equipment in construction, exploitation and use of highway projects.

+ Recommendations on consistency but with focus, key points and environmental protection.

Expressway projects must comply with synchronization, which has been clearly noted in the Master Plan for Road Development in Vietnam. Synchronization here is understood as the expressway projects, as the main artery of the traffic artery, must ensure connectivity and harmony with the traffic, irrigation and urban infrastructure systems. Moreover, it is synchronization between the infrastructure sectors and fields in the investment and development process, between key infrastructure projects and other related projects associated with regions and territories. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure a suitable roadmap and steps between the infrastructure sectors and fields to improve the overall investment efficiency as well as the feasibility of the entire system. And another important issue is that the modern road system of each country must ensure connectivity with the regional road system.

4.4.3. Recommendations to localities

 The Government has directed relevant departments, branches and localities to develop a system of synchronous legal documents, transparent mechanisms and policies, creating favorable conditions for the development of the expressway system. Localities, especially those with expressways passing through, need to comply with and implement the Government's direction, demonstrate cooperation, especially in site clearance so that the expressway construction project can ensure progress. The expressway's early exploitation and use will contribute to creating a foundation for socio-economic development, which will not only create favorable conditions for local development, but also contribute to improving the living standards of local people.

 After the Government specified the policy mechanisms related to the creation and attraction of capital sources for investment in the development of the expressway system. Specifically, the method of creating capital through exchanging land for infrastructure has been implemented quite successfully and has built many large expressway projects, including the Lang-Hoa Lac expressway. In order to apply this method of the Government well, localities

The local authorities need to cooperate and support, expressed in propaganda and mobilization of local people, first of all, the consensus of the local government.

 Local authorities need to have specific solutions, take the lead and coordinate with investors to quickly resolve difficulties and obstacles in site clearance, resettlement, and early handover to contractors to implement the project to ensure progress. Allow investors to use the existing traffic systems of localities to carry out construction, creating favorable conditions for all work related to construction as well as exploitation of highway projects.

 Continue to implement Directive 22/CT-TW dated February 24, 2003 of the Party Central Committee Secretariat and resolutions of the National Assembly and the Government on ensuring traffic safety and order and minimizing traffic accidents.

 Develop local transport networks to form a complete transport network together with the national highway system and the expressway system to improve investment efficiency and transport capacity.

 Local authorities need to respond to the construction, propaganda and education of highway culture for local people, especially when the highway project is completed and put into use.

CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 4

To increase the mobilization of non-state budget investment capital in implementing highway construction projects in Vietnam, the State needs to quickly innovate strategies, planning, policy systems, laws and especially the management apparatus of highway construction projects.

As analyzed in chapters 2 and 3, the participation of the private sector in capital contribution to implement highway construction projects in Vietnam is very important and necessary. Therefore, the Government needs to respond to their legitimate aspirations, create a safe and equal legal corridor so that private investors can feel secure, excited, and confident in the Government, ready to participate in sharing responsibility with the Government in creating public services - highways for the community and society. There needs to be appropriate mechanisms and solutions to mobilize capital from the potential sector - the private sector. In addition, private investors with sufficient financial capacity and wishing to participate in highway construction also need to proactively orient, have strategies and take advantage of opportunities brought by State policies.

With the Pilot Regulation, for the first time, both competent State agencies and investors have the most complete understanding of a project implemented under the PPP model; Necessary criteria for a project to be applied under the PPP model; The participation rate of the State and the private sector is very clear; Specific responsibilities of the parties participating in the project. At the same time, the Pilot Regulation also provides criteria for selecting PPP projects, which will help the Government and relevant Ministries promptly review and classify expressway projects to be able to switch to applying the PPP model, mobilizing capital contributions from both domestic and foreign private sectors with the goal of soon turning the project into reality...

Building a modern, synchronous and complete highway system is Vietnam's goal in the medium and long term. To achieve that goal, it requires the determination of the entire system, the solidarity of all forces in society, especially the private sector (both domestic and foreign). In the current trend, the contribution of this force is increasingly affirmed, growing in both scale and value.

CONCLUDE

The road transport system in general and highways in particular are of particular importance, demonstrating the level of modernization of the country. Many experts also believe that highways are the standard of a modern country. Moreover, highways also contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the economy, not only attracting international investors, but also attracting international tourists. Highways are also considered a special public good, demonstrating the Government's concern for economic development and community life. In recent years, Vietnam has made many efforts to develop the highway network. However, building highways requires a large amount of capital. If only using the state budget for construction, it will be difficult to achieve the set strategic goals. On the other hand, calling for the participation of the private sector in highway construction is a trend of the times. In our country, the State has issued Decrees and pilot regulations for this investment field. However, in reality, it can be seen that to solve the problem of lack of capital for highway development in Vietnam, the Government needs to solve many problems, especially perfecting the legal framework related to mobilizing capital outside the state budget in appropriate forms, including the PPP form.

International experience also shows that most countries that are successful in public-private partnerships have built a unified system of mechanisms and legalized applicable regulations. Besides perfecting the institutions and legal framework, the most important issue hindering the participation of the private sector in PPP projects to build highways is the feasibility and development capacity of the project itself.

With the desire to contribute some ideas to policy makers, the author's research has accomplished the following main tasks:

- Generalizing and contributing to the argumentation of theoretical issues on mobilizing capital outside the state budget to build highways, the thesis focuses on arguing:

+ Factors affecting capital mobilization for highway construction investment from non-state budget areas.

+ The legal framework and conditions for mobilizing capital outside the state budget contribute to solving the problem of capital shortage for investment in highway construction in Vietnam.

+ Study the lessons learned (both successful and unsuccessful) of countries that have gone before in mobilizing non-state budget capital to build and develop highways in the region and the world.

- Survey and analyze the current situation of mobilizing non-state budget capital in the form of PPP to build highways in our country in the period of 2006-2011, with the main content being: Researching the process of perfecting the legal framework for mobilizing non-state budget capital to build highways in our country and the current situation as well as the results of capital mobilization from actual surveys at a number of highway construction projects in the past, thereby evaluating the results achieved, the remaining issues that need to be further studied and resolved.

- Propose some basic solutions to improve the efficiency of mobilizing capital outside the state budget to successfully implement the PPP model in highway construction in Vietnam. The solutions are implemented in the same direction according to two issues:

+ Complete the legal and organizational framework to mobilize capital in the form of PPP and remove practical problems to effectively mobilize capital in this form.

+ Establish a focal agency on PPP, this agency must have real authority to resolve issues arising in the implementation of construction and development of highway projects in Vietnam.

- Within the framework of the thesis, although the author hopes to contribute to explaining the issues that need to be resolved to open up the channel for mobilizing capital outside the state budget that is highly anticipated, mobilizing capital in the form of PPP to build highways in Vietnam. However, some shortcomings are currently barriers to mobilizing capital outside the state budget, according to the author, need to continue to study more deeply and comprehensively, to be able to thoroughly solve this difficult problem.

LIST OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE AUTHOR

1. Dang Thi Ha (2010), Mobilizing non-budgetary capital to implement highway construction projects in Vietnam, Labor Protection Magazine, July 2010, Hanoi

2. Dang Thi Ha (2011), Solutions to mobilize non-budgetary capital to implement highway construction projects in Vietnam, Labor Protection Magazine, July 2011, Hanoi.

3. Dang Thi Ha (2011), Legal basis for capital mobilization under the public-private partnership (PPP) model to build expressways in Vietnam, Labor Protection Magazine, November 2011, Hanoi.

4. Dang Thi Ha (2012), Increasing mobilization of non-budgetary capital to implement highway construction projects in Vietnam, National Treasury Management Journal, July 2012, Hanoi.

5. Dang Thi Ha (2012), Successful cooperation in investment in transport infrastructure - experiences of some countries, State Management Magazine, September 2012, Hanoi.

REFERENCES

A. Vietnamese section:

6. Nguyen Mau Banh, Dinh Van Khien, Dinh Kien (2010), Current situation and solutions to enhance investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure construction projects under the PPP form in Vietnam, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi.

7. Pham Dang Binh and Nguyen Van Lap , Dictionary of Economics , Education Publishing House, 1995, Hanoi.

8. Ministry of Planning & Investment (2001), Report on the situation of lending, management and use of debts from official development assistance ODA , Hanoi.

9. Ministry of Planning & Investment (2001), Orientation for attracting and using ODA capital in the period 2001 - 2010 , Hanoi.

10. Ministry of Planning & Investment (2001), Monitoring and resolving difficulties for ODA projects , Hanoi.

11. Ministry of Planning & Investment (2001), Management and use of ODA capital , Circular No. 6/2001, Hanoi.

12. Ministry of Planning & Investment (2001), Strengthening organization, improving management capacity and implementing ODA projects in the transport sector, Economic Information, Hanoi.

13. Ministry of Planning and Investment (2003), Investment promotion skills, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi.

14. Ministry of Planning and Investment (2008), Law No. 17 of Poland on Public-Private Partnerships,

Hanoi.

15. Ministry of Planning & Investment (2010), Workshop: Current situation and solutions to improve the efficiency of infrastructure development investment, Hanoi.

16. Ministry of Planning & Investment (2009), Agreement on Encouragement and Protection of Investment between Vietnam and Countries and Territories, Hanoi.

17. Ministry of Planning and Investment (2009), PPP Model for Vietnam, Hanoi.

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