Construction. Currently, the General Department of Taxation has issued guidelines for calculating the construction industry's GDP according to four product groups: Housing; Non-residential civil works; Manufacturing factories.

The object of use has not invested properly in the quality of the data in the sense of completeness of scope, conceptual accuracy and methodological correctness.

Statistics are increasingly used in the assessment and planning of economic and social policies, however, the Government has not attached importance to the role of the Statistics sector and has not paid due attention, has not invested adequately in finance, facilities and especially staff. Information providers have not fully understood the importance of statistics in the management and operation of the economy, so they have not properly identified their responsibilities in providing timely, complete and accurate information to the Statistics sector. This affects the quality and ability to compile price indices such as PPI, WPI and CPI used in the price index method to calculate GO at comparable prices.

b. Subjective causes . The staff is insufficient in number and weak in expertise, especially foreign languages, which limits the ability to learn and research international methodologies to apply and deploy in the practical operations of the General Statistics Office. Relevant leaders have not proactively researched and evaluated the appropriateness and inadequacies of the GO calculation method according to comparable prices currently applied at the General Statistics Office in the context of a transformed economy, thereby making correct decisions on statistical methodologies. Training and retraining activities for staff have not been given due attention and implementation to equip them with knowledge about concepts, methodologies and practical statistical operations to suit the practical operations of the transformation.

economic change

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In recent years, the GSO has paid more attention to international cooperation in order to integrate deeply into the international statistical community. However, the international cooperation activities of the GSO are mostly limited to sending delegations to attend seminars and training courses organized and sponsored by international statistical organizations. New knowledge and modern statistical methodologies of international statistical organizations and leading national statistical agencies in the world have been and are being applied to exchange information.

The changes and dissemination at the conference were rarely studied and included by the staff of the General Statistics Office.

applied to innovate the methodology of the General Statistics Office.

The transparency of concepts, definitions, sources of information and methods of calculating general economic indicators in general and GO indicators at actual prices and comparative prices in particular have not received due attention from the General Statistics Office. The transparency of sources of information and methods of calculating statistical indicators requires the General Statistics Office to commit to implementing

correct methodology to be public.

3.2. Perfecting calculation methods, tools and information sources to calculate production value of product industries.

With the general methodology presented in Chapter I and specifically for 19 product groups presented in Chapter II, based on the analysis of the current status of calculating GO at comparable prices of the General Statistics Office, in this part, the author proposes directions for improving the calculation of GO of product sectors at comparable prices according to three main contents: (i) Calculation method for some product sectors; (ii) Tools for calculating GO at comparable prices; and (iii) Organizing information for calculating production value.

3.2.1. Calculation method

With outstanding advantages compared to other methods used to calculate GO at comparable prices, the price index method must be the main method, applied to all industries when satisfying the conditions of the method and suitable to information practice. To

Applying the price index method requires completing the following contents:

3.2.1.1. Production value at current prices

GO of product industries at current prices is the “input material” used to apply the price index method. Good input material will determine the quality of output products - GO of product industries at comparable prices. Perfecting and improving the quality of GO of product industries at current prices is one of the conditions

prerequisite in the process of calculating GO of product industries at comparable prices. For GO at current prices, it is necessary to complete the following contents:

- Ensure 6 principles of calculating GO at current prices to calculate correctly and fully according to the content of the production concept and the economic characteristics of the country that produces the product. At the same time, ensure correct application of accounting principles based on the pending allocation of GO indicators in SNA different from the principles of accounting revenue and expenditure settlement, to avoid under-calculating GO indicators when collecting information based on the settlement report of the production unit.

- Complete in scope and content: GO must calculate the value of activities

illegal activities and activities in the undefined area.

- Calculating GO at basic price: the definition, advantages of basic price and current shortcomings in calculating GO at production price are presented in the section.

1.2.3 and section 3.1.4 require the General Department of Taxation to apply the base price to calculate GO.

- Develop methods for collecting information through surveys or reporting systems

Ensure GO is calculated according to current prices in detail according to product industry categories, ensuring the principle of product industry aggregation level when calculating GO conversion from current prices to comparable prices.

- Update the source and usage table annually and use this table to check the quality of GO calculation.

3.2.1.2. Method of calculating production value for each product industry

The price index method is the main method used to calculate GO of product industries at comparable prices. In the coming time, the improvement will focus on the application of this method, while always paying attention to its feasibility in practice. The improvement of the method for each product industry given below aims to eliminate existing shortcomings, can be applied immediately in the short term and implemented in the medium and long term. However, due to the characteristics of some product industries that do not allow the application of the price index method, the author will propose appropriate methods. Each industry, when applying the method, must satisfy the principles of calculating GO at comparable prices.

comparison, meeting the requirements of each method and always taking into account the factor of changing the quality of the manufactured products. Specific recommendations on perfecting the method of calculating GO according to comparative prices for each product industry are as follows:

3.2.1.2.1. Agriculture, forestry and fishery . ¸ Apply the price index method to PPI of the agricultural, forestry and fishery product group. To apply this method, the General Statistics Office must calculate GO at current prices in accordance with the list of product groups.

To be constructed, the producer price index of agricultural, forestry and fishery products must be adjusted for seasonal factors, exclude changes in product quality and use basic prices for calculation.

3.2.1.2.2. Mining, processing, electricity, gas, water supply industries . ¸ Applying the price index method to PPI of industrial product groups, GO current prices must be separated by product group list.

PPI of products in the processing industry, electricity, gas and water supply must exclude factors that change product quality and use basic prices. For industrial products that are large-scale machinery and equipment such as: groups of products for manufacturing and repairing water transport, computer manufacturing, and specialized machinery, it is necessary to pay attention to calculating the price and PPI of this product group to ensure the principles of national account statistics at comparable prices.

Currently, the General Statistics Office is compiling PPI of electricity, gas and water supply products on the basis of aggregate accounting, which means combining both production and distribution, so there is no need to separate the two types of activities of this industry group. To serve the economic analysis and

To meet the need for international comparison to know GO according to the comparable price of distribution activities, the General Statistics Office should simultaneously calculate both the price index method based on aggregate accounting and the method of determining value directly from price and quantity for production activities. When

The difference between the two methods will reflect GO at the comparable prices of electricity, gas and water distribution.

3.2.1.2.3. Construction . Currently, the General Statistics Office guides the calculation of GO in the construction industry according to four product groups: housing; non-residential civil works; production workshops;

infrastructure but not yet calculating PPI of construction products by groups. For the construction industry, it is necessary to apply the intermediate cost method with source table and use and input cost price index as a tool to eliminate price fluctuations, this method is completely feasible for the General Statistics Office.

To apply the intermediate cost method with SUT and input cost price index as tools, the General Statistics Office must calculate in detail the intermediate costs of the construction industry by group of raw materials, fuels, materials and other service costs that are inputs to the construction industry and the input cost price index must be compatible with the detailed product groups of intermediate costs, the SUT table must be updated annually to separate the intermediate costs in detail.

3.2.1.2.4. Commerce, auto and motorbike repair services and personal and household consumer goods. This industry group includes two sub-industries with different GO calculation methods, so the author mentions each industry group separately.

a. Commercial services . Use the price index method to calculate the sales target for each group of goods with the CPI as the tool and calculate the cost of goods sold for each group of goods corresponding to the sales with the wholesale price index of goods and services as the tool. Then the GO of wholesale and retail commercial services at comparable prices is equal to the difference between sales and the cost of goods sold at comparable prices. Applying this method requires the General Statistics Office to calculate the wholesale price index for each product group in accordance with the list of goods and services used in calculating the CPI. In case there is no wholesale price index of goods and services, the General Statistics Office should apply the method of the volume of goods sold index (DEE presented in section 2.6.3).

b. Repair services for cars, motorbikes and personal and household consumer goods

Currently , the General Statistics Office has not calculated PPI for service sectors, so it should use CPI to adjust from consumer prices to basic prices. In other words, in the immediate future, during the process of collecting prices to calculate CPI, the General Statistics Office should collect more information to adjust CPI from consumer prices to basic prices. In the medium and long term, the General Statistics Office must calculate detailed PPI for service groups.

3.2.1.2.5. Hotels and restaurants . Due to the different characteristics between hotel and restaurant services, the GO of these two types of services must be separated. Currently, the General Statistics Office has not calculated the PPI of hotel and restaurant services, so it is possible to use the CPI of the group "eating out" and "hotels and motels" after adjusting from the usage price to the basic price to eliminate price fluctuations in the GO of hotel and restaurant services.

3.2.1.2.6. Transport, post

a. Transport services . Due to the lack of complete statistics on the scope and quality assurance of calculating the volume of goods and passengers circulating by road sector, it is not advisable to use the method of determining the value directly from price and quantity to calculate GO according to comparative prices. The General Statistics Office should apply the price index method for each road sector with the PPI of transport services as the tool. In the coming time, due to the lack of PPI calculation, it is possible to use the CPI of the transport service group in detail by road sector after adjusting from the used price to the basic price instead of PPI.

b. Information and communication services . Due to the different characteristics between postal and telecommunication services, these two groups of services must be counted separately. Use the price index method with CPI as a tool after adjusting from the used price to the basic price to eliminate price fluctuations in the two groups of postal and telecommunication services. Currently, the General Statistics Office calculates the CPI of this type of service for both postal and telecommunication services under the heading "post office". In the coming time, the General Statistics Office needs to calculate the CPI separately for these two groups.

3.2.1.2.7. Financial intermediary services . Due to the different business characteristics between direct service provision, underground service provision, insurance services and pension funds, to

Ensuring the quality of GO calculation according to the comparative price of this group of services requires separate calculation for three types. Specifically as follows:

a. Straight services . With strict management and good accounting of straight services of the banking system in our country, we can use the straight service volume index method to calculate GO of the research year at comparable prices.

b. Underground services . The Governor of the State Bank issued Decision 477/2004/QD-NHNN, dated April 28, 2004 on the statistical reporting regime applicable

for units under the State Bank and credit institutions. This Decision takes effect to help the General Statistics Office have sufficient information to apply method 1 to calculate FISIM at comparable prices as presented in section 2.9.3. Applying this method has some

following advantages:

- Calculate FISIM separately based on the comparative price of loan credit and deposit credit;

- FISIM can be allocated to each institutional area, helping to create inter-sectoral balance sheets.

c. Insurance services and pension funds . Current accounting and statistics on insurance funds allow the application of two methods of calculating GO at comparable prices as presented in section 2.9.3.

3.2.1.2.8. Real estate business services . To avoid violating the level principle

In terms of product industry aggregation, the GSO should separate real estate business services into a separate industry including four service groups: real estate trading intermediary services; real estate leasing intermediary services on the basis of fee-based contracts; real estate project preparation services; and self-occupied housing services. The GO according to the comparative price of real estate trading intermediary services should be calculated using the indirect method as presented in section 2.10.3. Currently, the GSO has not calculated PPI and CPI of real estate trading services, so in the coming time, the GSO should calculate CPI of the real estate trading service group according to basic prices.

Currently, the General Statistics Office has information to calculate CPI for house rental services, so GO according to the comparative price of real estate rental intermediary services based on fee-based contracts and self-owned and self-occupied house services should be calculated according to the price index method with CPI of house rental services after converting from usage price to basic price (excluding tax).

The service of preparing real estate projects is a "single" service, so it is difficult to apply the method of determining prices according to the product model in the reality of our country's statistics. To calculate the GO of this type of service according to the comparative price, we should "borrow" the index

deflation of the production value of real estate sales and rental services as a tool

to apply the price index method.

3.2.1.2.9. Rental services of unmanned machinery and equipment, personal and household goods . Currently, this service is not popular and accounts for a small proportion of GDP. The General Statistics Office also does not calculate the CPI of this service group, so there are two solutions:

- Do not separate this service group into a separate product line but include it in the real estate rental intermediary service based on a fee-based contract and calculate GO according to the comparative price as mentioned above;

- To become an independent service industry, calculate GO at comparable prices using the price index method with the tool being the deflation index of production value of real estate rental services.

3.2.1.2.10. Research and development services . Currently, the State is shifting

Change the organizational and operational model of public science and technology organizations into one of three types: self-funded science and technology organizations; science and technology enterprises; and scientific research organizations whose regular operating costs are guaranteed by the state budget according to assigned tasks (Decree 115/2005/ND-CP dated September 5, 2005), thus research and development services include two groups: market services and non-market services. The General Statistics Office should build information sources to apply the volume index method with base year GO according to the volume index of research hours for market services and the output indicator method for non-market services. In other words, the calculation method classified as type B as presented in section 2.12.3 can be completely applied for calculation in the coming time.

3.2.1.2.11. Other business services . Other business services (legal services; accounting, auditing, record keeping, tax calculation services; management and business consulting services; architectural, engineering and other technical services)

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