Average of Standard Criteria in 2014 Compared to 2011 (%)

The people's efforts and economic sectors invest in building new rural infrastructure and developing agriculture and rural economy. New rural infrastructure is strengthened, creating a new face for many clean and beautiful communes and villages. Agricultural production and rural economy grow steadily; people's income and life are improved, gradually raising the level of enjoyment closer to civilized urban life.

The cultural and social fields in rural areas have made much progress. The political systems of communes and localities in the region have been improved. This is the basis and foundation for the Northwest region of the country to move forward quickly, strongly, and steadily on the journey of building a new rural area with a high rate of communes completing 19 criteria in the 2015-2020 term.

From the achieved results, the people of the Northern provinces in general and Yen Bai province in particular have been joining hands to build and complete the National Target Program on New Rural Development in the shortest time.

1.2.2.3. Initial results of new rural construction in Yen Bai province

Immediately after the Prime Minister's Decision No. 800/QD-TTg dated June 4, 2010 approving the National Target Program on New Rural Development for the 2010-2020 period, Yen Bai province directed relevant levels and sectors to organize propaganda and disseminate fully and extensively to key officials at the provincial, district, and commune levels and the people about the Party and State's policies, viewpoints, goals, and activities of the New Rural Development Program, creating consensus and close coordination in the implementation process. The province has established a working group in the Provincial Steering Committee in charge of districts, towns, and cities implementing the program, while directing the development of model projects for communes and issuing regulations on procedures for project development at district and commune levels. Issued official dispatches, telegrams, and directives to direct sectors, districts, towns, and cities to promote the implementation.

Steps in developing planning projects and new rural development projects.

If at the beginning of the Program implementation, most communes only achieved 4

- Up to now, Tuy Loc commune has achieved 19 criteria and completed the new rural commune in 2014, 4 communes achieved 9-13 criteria, 18 communes achieved 5-8 criteria, 129 communes achieved over 5 criteria. 100% of communes achieved the criteria on social security, 50% of communes achieved the criteria on electricity system, 40% of communes achieved the criteria on political system, health, education, culture. Electricity - road - school - station infrastructure was built more spacious, more beautiful, villages and hamlets all had cultural houses, the material and spiritual life of the people was significantly improved...

According to the results of reviewing and assessing the current status of new rural areas (NTM) in 152 communes in the province according to 19 criteria of the National Criteria Set, 19 communes achieved more than 5 criteria (accounting for 12.5%), 133 communes achieved less than 5 criteria (accounting for 87.5%), and no commune achieved more than 10 criteria. Up to now, after nearly 4 years of implementation, Yen Bai has 1 commune achieving 19 NTM criteria, 1 commune achieving 15-17 criteria, 19 communes achieving 10-14 criteria, 71 communes achieving 5-9 criteria, and 60 communes achieving less than 5 criteria. Some criteria with high achievement levels include: planning in 152 communes, post offices in 82 communes, production organization in 47 communes, health care in 26 communes, political system in 115 communes, and security and order in 146 communes. During the process of building the new rural areas, there have been many typical examples of people participating and mobilizing people to contribute funds, donate land, and labor days to complete rural infrastructure. The total capital to implement the Program in the province after nearly 4 years

1,179 billion VND, of which people contributed over 164 billion VND.[24].

Project on building new rural areas for all 152 communes in Yen Bai province; reviewing and selecting 29 registered communes, striving to complete 19 new rural criteria by 2015. In infrastructure construction, by the end of 2014, the solidification of cement concrete roads with a total length of 430 km, opening 830 km of new roadbeds, hardening 62 km of intra-field canals, building 63 cultural houses... Regarding production development and increasing income for people, the province annually allocates a budget of 35-45 billion to support production.

agriculture and forestry, thereby building many production models with high economic efficiency...

Yen Bai province has mobilized, integrated and used resources to serve the construction of new rural areas of over 4,600 billion VND. Up to now, the whole province has 106 communes, accounting for 69.7% meeting 5 criteria (of which 37 communes have met 10 criteria or more), there is 1 commune meeting 19 criteria that has been recognized as meeting new rural standards.

Compared to the whole country and the provinces in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region, although there are still many difficulties, the new rural construction in Yen Bai province has made significant progress, reaching an average of 6.42 criteria (in 2014), an increase of 3.34 criteria compared to 2011 (3.09 criteria).

[Table 1.3].

Table 1.3. Average standard criteria in 2014 compared to 2011 ( %)

Total communes in the area in 2011	Average criteria/commune 2011	Total communes in the area in 2014	Average criteria / commune 2014	Increase or decrease
Nationwide	8,953	4.92	8,900	10.51	5.59
TDMNPB	2,248	3.84	2,279	7.77	3.93
Yen Bai	152	3.09	152	6.42	3.34

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At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835. 4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6) - Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51). - Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old). - Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%. - Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities. - Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%. 4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1) Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Alid <1 year 5 .6 .6 .6 1-3 years 194 23.2 23.2 23.8 4-10 years 571 68.4 68.4 92.2 >10 years 65 7.8 7.8 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in people's daily lives. When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone company's network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1). Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country. According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2). Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid Prepay 591 70.8 70.8 70.8 Pay later 160 19.2 19.2 89.9 Both of the above 84 10.1 10.1 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services. In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3). Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid <100,000 212 25.4 25.4 25.4 100-300,000 406 48.6 48.6 74.0 300,000-500,000 147 17.6 17.6 91.6 >500,000 70 8.4 8.4 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels. The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4) Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid <3 news 142 17.0 17.0 17.0 3-10 news 427 51.1 51.1 68.1 >10 news 266 31.9 31.9 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5) Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid <3 news 175 21.0 21.0 21.0 3-10 news 436 55.0 55.0 76.0 >10 news 197 24.0 24.0 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants. 4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6). Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid Have 785 94.0 94.0 94.0 Are not 50 6.0 6.0 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results. In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. 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In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time. Minh Chau island commune: Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year. d. Sustainability The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes. landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable. e. Location and accessibility Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf: - Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route: Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm. - Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route: Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don. f. Infrastructure Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists. 3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1). 3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows: Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient. Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level. Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable. 3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development  For Minh Chau commune: + Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12. + Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4. + Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12. + Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points + Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points. + Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points. The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table: Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes Attractiveness of self-tourismof course Capacity Mining time Sustainability Location and accessibility Infrastructure Result Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti CommuneMinh Chau 12 12 4 8 12 12 4 4 4 8 6 8 42/52 Quan CommuneLan 6 12 6 8 9 12 4 4 4 8 4 8 33/52 b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development  For Quan Lan commune: + The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12. + Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6. + Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9. + Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points. + Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points. + Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points. The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points. Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table: Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes Attractiveness of human tourismliterature Capacity Mining time Sustainability Location and accessibility Infrastructure Result Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Quan CommuneLan 12 12 6 8 9 12 4 4 4 8 4 8 39/52 Minh CommuneChau 6 12 4 8 12 12 4 4 4 8 6 8 36/52 Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching. Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019) 3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix: Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island Internal agent Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general quite wild, originalintact general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous. External agents Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high. Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:  To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to: - Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...) - Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources) div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: #0D0D0D; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: -3pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: -2pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: -1pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:Symbol, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:Wingdings; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s14 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s15 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s16 { color: black; font-family:Cambria, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s17 { color: #080808; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s18 { color: #080808; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s19 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s20 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt; } div.maincontent .s21 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s22 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s23 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s24 { color: #212121; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; tex
• Studying the current status of rural environment and proposing some solutions to implement environmental criteria in new rural construction in San Thang commune, Lai Chau city, Lai Chau province - 2
• Statistics of Average Scores of Each Criteria of Nlth in Students Through Assessment Times with Measure 1 (Round 1)
• Average Rating of “Subjective Criteria” Factor Group

(Source: Report on the implementation results of the National Target Program on New Rural Development in 2014 and the direction and tasks for 2015 of the Central Steering Committee on New Rural Development).

In 2015, Yen Bai province strives to have 3 or more communes meeting new rural standards; over 50 communes meeting over 10 criteria; 29 communes identified in the roadmap for new rural development in the 2011-2015 period strive to achieve an average of 3-5 additional criteria per commune; create changes in agricultural and forestry production towards commodities, increase income for people; continue to prioritize promoting and making breakthroughs in rural transport development; focus on mobilizing investment resources, building and developing works in villages and hamlets; directly linked to production development and daily life of people...

Chapter 1 Summary

In the context of Vietnam, sustainable rural development must include the development of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers . On April 16, 2009, the Prime Minister signed Decision No. 491/QD-TTg, promulgating the National Criteria for New Rural Development, including 19 criteria and divided into 5 specific groups. In the process of implementing the New Rural Development Program, localities can soften some criteria based on appropriate application to specific resource conditions.

In Yen Bai province, after 4 years of implementing the National Target Program on New Rural Construction, some outstanding results have been achieved: Propaganda work has been carried out strongly and in many diverse forms; the general planning work has been completed and the New Rural Construction Project has been established for all 152 communes; 29 communes have been selected for registration, striving to complete 19 new rural criteria in the period of 2015 - 2020.

Van Yen district is currently organizing 2 pilot communes for new rural development: Dai Phac commune and Yen Hung commune. From 2011 to 2013, although the implementation of the new rural program has achieved many successes, it still faces many difficulties, so it requires the cadres and people of the two pilot communes to make efforts to complete the new rural development according to schedule.

Chapter 2

FACTORS AFFECTING AND RELATING

TRAN

G AGRICULTURAL CONSTRUCTION

NEW VILLAGE IN VAN YEN DISTRICT, YEN BAI PROVINCE

2.1. Factors affecting the district's new rural development

2.1.1. Natural factors

Van Yen, Yen Bai province

2.1.1.1. Geographical location, territory and administrative division

Van Yen district is a mountainous district in the North of Yen Bai province, established in March 1965. The total natural area of ​​the district is 1391.54 km2 , accounting for 20% of the province's natural area.

The district is limited from 104 0 23' to 104 0 47' East longitude and from 21 0 50'30"

to 20 0 12' North latitude. The North borders Van Ban district, Bao Yen district, Lao Cai province, the West borders Van Chan district; the South borders Tran Yen district; the East borders Luc Yen district.

The whole district has one district capital, Mau A town, and 26 communes: An Thinh, Lang Thip, Chau Que Ha, Chau Que Thuong, Lam Giang, An Binh, Quang Minh, Dong An, Phong Du Ha, Phong Du Thuong, Xuan Tan, Tan Hop, Dong Cuong, Mau Dong, Ngoi A, Yen Thai, Yen Hung, Yen Hop, Xuan Ai, Hoang Thang, Vien Son, Mo Vang, Na Hau, Dai Son, Dai Phac, Yen Phu.

With its location on the Yen Bai - Lao Cai railway, the Yen Bai - Khe Sang provincial road, waterways and the Hanoi - Lao Cai expressway, Van Yen district has favorable conditions for socio-economic exchanges with other districts in the province and especially the two districts bordering Lao Cai; from there, it can expand economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation within the framework of the Northwest Sustainable Development Program (under the Northwest Steering Committee with a population of over 11.5 million people, belonging to more than 30 ethnic groups, of which about 63% are ethnic minorities in 12 provinces: Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Son La, Hoa Binh, Cao Bang, Bac Kan, Lang Son, Phu Tho, Tuyen Quang) and Yunnan province, China.[24]

According to general assessment, because Van Yen district is located far from the provincial center, far from the sea, border gates and some major economic centers of the country (>40km from Yen Bai city, >40km from Lao Cai city, >200km from Hanoi capital), many trading activities, cooperation, calling for domestic and foreign investment capital still face difficulties.

2.1.1.2. Natural conditions and natural resources

a. Terrain

In general, the terrain of the district is mainly mountainous and strongly divided. Notably on the natural landscape map of the district are 3 main types of terrain:

High and medium mountainous areas : absolute height >700 m, area of ​​about 35,000 ha, accounting for about 25.2% of the district's natural area, mainly concentrated in the western and southern communes of the province: Na Hau, Phong Du Thuong, Phong Du Ha, Chau Que Ha.

Low mountain and hill terrain type : average absolute height < 700m, accounting for about 62% of the district's natural area (≈ 79,895ha), including gentle mountain ranges, less fragmented terrain, average slope < 15 0. This terrain type is suitable for growing industrial crops, fruit trees, and raising livestock. In lower areas, annual crops can be grown.

The terrain type is plain, lowland, and river valleys are few. This area includes the lowland communes of the district, with bowl-shaped terrain, round tops, gentle slopes, and an absolute altitude of < 300m. The land of the area is the product of accumulation, deposition of rivers and streams, and ancient alluvium, so it is generally good land suitable for growing short-term industrial crops, fruit trees, raising livestock, and annual crops.

(Source: Department of Agriculture and Rural Development) (Compiled and drawn by the author )

Figure 2.1. Administrative map of Van Yen district, Yen Bai province

b. Climate and hydrology

The climate of Van Yen district has the general climate characteristics of the whole Yen Bai province in particular and the climate of northern Vietnam in general; it is a tropical monsoon climate, with a lot of sunshine and rain, with two seasons a year: winter and summer. From April to September, summer is hot and humid, with a lot of rain. From October to March of the following year, winter is dry and cold.

Based on the results of climate and weather monitoring of the meteorological station in the district, the typical atmospheric indicators in 2013 are as follows:

Total radiation reaches 100-140 kcal/cm2 year , radiation balance is always positive (60-80 kcal/cm2 year ). Average annual temperature ranges from 22 o C - 24 o C, maximum temperature reaches 35 o C. Minimum temperature is 4 o C, average winter temperature is 16 o C, summer is 27 o C. Temperature in July is the highest. Average annual total temperature ranges from 8200 o C - 8400 o C.

Average rainfall is 1800mm/year, average number of rainy days is 150 days/year. The rainy season is concentrated in the summer from April to September with very high rainfall, reaching about 330mm/month. In the dry season, the average rainfall is 60mm/month, December is the month with the lowest average rainfall of the year, reaching about 16 - 25mm/month. Some areas have continuous rain in spring.

The average total number of sunshine hours is 1,500 hours/year. From May to September is the period with the most sunshine, averaging 170-190 hours/month. From January to March of the following year, the average sunshine hours are 50-70 hours/month. The distribution of sunshine hours in the district is uneven, with the western communes of the district having the most sunshine hours and intensity.

The prevailing wind direction in summer is southeast, in winter is northeast, the average wind speed is 7m/s, during storms it can be 27-28m/s.