HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS
PHONVILAY PHOMVIENGXAY
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VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRESENT LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
DOCTORAL THESIS
FIELD: SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM Code: 9 22 90 08
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTOR:
1. Assoc.Prof.Dr. LE VAN LOI
2. Assoc.Prof.Dr. BUI THI NGOC LAN
HANOI - 2021
COMMITMENT
I hereby certify that this is my own research work. The data presented in the thesis are honest, have clear origins and are fully cited according to regulations.
THESIS AUTHOR
PHONVIAY PHOMVIENGXAY
INDEX
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO
THESIS TOPIC 7
1.1. Research works related to the topic of the thesis 7
1.2. Overview of the main results of the reviewed works and issues
The thesis needs to focus on solving 27
Chapter 2: SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Lao People's Democracy Today 31
2.1. Concept, subject, content, method, material conditions to ensure
for education and vocational training in human resource development 31
2.2. The role of education and vocational training in human resource development 46
2.3. Factors affecting vocational education and training in development
Human resources in the Lao People's Democratic Republic today 56
Chapter 3: CURRENT STATE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN THE PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
LAOS AND CURRENT ISSUES 70
3.1. Achievements in education and vocational training in human resource development
Human resources in the Lao People's Democratic Republic today 70
3.2. Limitations on education and vocational training in human resource development
Human resources in the Lao People's Democratic Republic 87
3.3. Causes of achievements, limitations and issues raised in vocational education and training in human resource development in the Republic of Vietnam
Lao People's Democracy Today 98
Chapter 4: BASIC VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
FORCE IN THE PRESENT LAOS PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 117
4.1. Perspectives on improving the quality of education and vocational training in development
Human resources in the Lao People's Democratic Republic today 117
4.2. Basic solutions to improve the quality of education and vocational training in development
Human resource development in the Lao People's Democratic Republic today 124
CONCLUSION 151
AUTHOR'S SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS 154
LIST OF REFERENCES 155
APPENDIX 167
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ASEAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations Lao PDR : Lao People's Democratic Republic INC, MODERN: Industrialization, modernization
GIZ : German Technical Cooperation
ILO : International Labor Organization
NDCM: People's Revolution
Publisher: Publishing House
SEZ: Special Economic Zone
UNDP : United Nations Development Programme UNESCO : Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WHO : World Health Organization
WTO : World Trade Organization
Table 3.1: Number of public and private vocational education and training institutions
private from 2013 - 2018 70
Table 3.2: Number of staff and teachers at educational and training institutions
Public and private occupations from 2010 to 2018 72
Table 3.3: Survey respondents' assessment of students' positivity and self-discipline in learning and improving their knowledge level
vocational students 76
Table 3.4: Relevance of content, education and training programs
vocational training 78
Table 3.5: Evaluation of the duration of theoretical and practical study in the Vocational Education and Training program 80
Table 3.6: Survey results on quality and responsiveness of
human resources with vocational education and training 85
Table 3.7: Survey results of education and training methods
occupations in the Lao People's Democratic Republic 92
Table 3.8: Limitations on physical facilities of educational institutions and
vocational training in the Lao People's Democratic Republic 93
Chart 3.1: Number of students studying at educational institutions and
Public vocational training school year 2010 - 2015 83
Figure 3.2: Sources of job skills of the working population in the Republic of
Lao People's Democratic Republic 96
INTRODUCTION
1. Urgency of the topic
Human resources are the most important constituent element of the productive forces, determining the strength and development of each country. In the context of the strong development of the knowledge economy and the fourth industrial revolution, globalization and international integration are increasingly deep, countries attach more importance to the development of human resources to ensure quantity and quality. Human resources have become a competitive advantage of many nations in the world, so each nation seeks to develop its human resources. Human resource development is development in all aspects: health, intelligence, skills, industrial work style, professional ethics, discipline and compliance with the law. Thanks to the foundation of education and training, including vocational education and training, workers can improve their knowledge and professional skills, thereby improving productivity and labor quality, increasing development opportunities and income, and contributing to socio-economic development. Thus, it can be seen that vocational education and training is an important element, having decisive significance in human resource development.
Realizing the importance of education and vocational training in improving the quality of human resources and thereby promoting future development, the Governments of many countries in the world have had long-term strategies for developing education and training, investing adequately in this field. For example, every year, the US spends about 7% of GDP, the Netherlands 6.7%, France 5.7% - 6.7%, Japan 5%... [49, p.3] on training and developing talents; in addition, the Governments of developed industrial countries also have policies to mobilize the strong participation of enterprises and large corporations to invest in developing education and vocational training, especially high-quality training centers, creating leading engineers, inventors and creators in different fields of the economy. Even in Southeast Asia, some countries such as Brunei, Vietnam, Thailand..., have had quite impressive investment strategies for developing education and vocational training, to equip the labor force with
mobilizing knowledge and skills in a modern world, especially on the eve of the fourth industrial revolution, towards training comprehensively developed people with good skills to meet the needs of society.
In recent years, vocational education and training in schools, centers and vocational training institutions in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) have trained a team of engineers, an abundant workforce with quite high skills... initially meeting the demand for human resources for the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. However, vocational education and training in Laos currently still has many limitations, such as: Content, curriculum, teaching methods, management force, teaching staff, mechanisms, policies, as well as the environment, conditions, and equipment serving vocational education and training to develop human resources have not met practical requirements. The quality of vocational education and training, especially at the college level directly training high-quality human resources, is generally low. The level and professional capacity of students after graduation are still limited, the ability to adapt to reality is not high; Lao human resources are still lacking in quantity, limited in quality, and inadequate in structure. That reflects the limitations and inadequacies of vocational education and training in developing the country's human resources. Currently, the urgent issue for vocational education and training in Laos is how to have human resources with sufficient quality to meet the requirements of the country's industrialization, modernization and international integration, contributing to the goal: By 2030, Laos will escape the status of an underdeveloped country, become a developing country with an upper middle income and achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) [110, p.52] to create conditions to ensure sustainable economic development associated with social development, environmental protection and human development, in which human development is the decisive factor. With the above analysis reasons, the research on: "Vocational education and training in human resource development in the Lao People's Democratic Republic today" is urgent in both theory and practice, both urgent and strategic in the long term for human resource development to meet the development requirements of the country in the new period.