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Tourism Resources Are Exploited and Used on-site

1.2 Meaning and role of Tourism resources

1.2.1 Meaning

Tourism resources are a decisive factor for tourism development. It is difficult to imagine that without tourism resources or with very poor tourism resources, tourism activities can develop strongly.

1.2.2 Role

The role of tourism resources in tourism activities is shown in the following aspects:

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- Tourism resources are the basic elements to create tourism products.

Tourism products are made up of many factors, but first of all, tourism resources must be mentioned. To meet the demands of tourists, tourism products cannot be monotonous, poor, unattractive but must be rich, diverse, unique and new.

Tourism Resources Are Exploited and Used on-site

The richness of tourism resources has created the diversity of tourism products. The more unique and special the tourism resources are, the more valuable the tourism products and the more attractive they are to tourists. It can be said that the quality of tourism resources is the fundamental factor that creates the quality of tourism products and the effectiveness of tourism activities.

- Tourism resources are an important basis for developing tourism types.

In the process of tourism development to continuously meet the demands and satisfy the purposes of tourists, new types of tourism are also constantly appearing and developing.

All types of tourism are born based on tourism resources. The emergence of tourism has turned many factors of natural and social conditions into tourism resources. Without mysterious underground caves, dangerous high mountain peaks, dark and deserted primeval forests, adventure tourism would not exist. Without coral reefs and the colorful aquatic world submerged under clear blue water, there would be no underground tourism under the sea.

- Tourism resources are an important component of the organization of territorial tourism.

Within a specific territory, every tourism activity reflects a certain tourism space organization.

The tourism territorial system represents the spatial relationship of the closely related elements that make it up. These elements are tourists, tourism resources, tourism infrastructure and technical facilities, staff and tourism management and operation organizations.

The tourism territory system has many different levels, from tourist spots to tourist centers and tourist regions. Regardless of the level, tourism resources play an important role in organizing the tourism territory, and are also the basic factors for forming tourist spots and tourist areas to create tourist attractions, creating conditions for exploiting its potentials most effectively.

Due to the distribution characteristics of tourism resources, in the organization of tourism territories, tourist spots, tourist areas, tourist centers and tourist routes have been formed. From these tourist routes, in the exploitation process, they will be selected and arranged into tours, that is, specific tourism products provided to tourists. Organizing a reasonable tourism territory will contribute to creating high efficiency in exploiting tourism resources in particular as well as in all tourism activities in general.

1.3 Characteristics of Tourism Resources

1.3.1 Rich and diverse tourism resources

Unlike other types of resources, tourism resources are very rich and diverse. This characteristic is the basis for creating a rich tourism product to satisfy the diverse needs of tourists. For example, for the type of sightseeing and research to serve the need to raise awareness of tourists, tourism resources can be festivals, rural customs, historical and cultural relics, ethnic minority villages in mountainous areas, museums, cities, lakes, waterfalls, mountains, caves or primeval forests with high biodiversity. For types of resort and medical tourism aimed at health recovery, tourism resources need to exploit beaches, highland areas with cool, fresh climates, beautiful scenery, lakes, mineral water sources, etc.

Tourism resources include objects and phenomena in the natural environment and the socio-cultural environment. The diversity of tourism resources is divided into two groups: natural tourism resources and cultural tourism resources.

1.3.2 Attractive tourism resources

Tourism resources have both tangible and intangible values. It is the intangible value that creates the attractiveness and is the most characteristic feature of tourism resources. In fact, tourism resources are the material factors that directly participate in the formation of tourism products. For example, sea bathing is a typical tourism product, bringing many pleasures and health restoration to tourists. This type of tourism is formed on the basis of the tangible existence of beaches, sea water with specific natural characteristics. However, understanding only this material aspect of tourism resources is not enough, because not all beaches are exploited to develop into tourist destinations. The cause of the above situation, in addition to the limitations of exploitation conditions, is more importantly due to the limitations of the "invisible value" that resources can bring. The intangible value of tourism resources is perceived by tourists through psychological emotions, satisfying spiritual needs (aesthetics, culture) - a special need of tourists. The intangible value of tourism resources is sometimes expressed through information (heard, through newspapers, television, advertisements, ...) through which tourists feel, admire and desire to come to the place to enjoy and contemplate. In China, there is a saying "not going to Truong Thanh phi hao han" to talk about the Great Wall or Ngu Nhac Linh Son... In Vietnam, there is a saying "Nam Thien De Nhat Dong" praising the beauty of Huong Tich cave, or enchanting names such as Thien Duong cave, Suoi Tien, Ngoc island... Besides, the recognition of world heritages and wonders has increased the intangible value and attractiveness of tourism resources many times over.

This intangible value seems to be unlimited but is increasing due to the increasing perception and understanding of tourists, and its wider influence increases the value of tourism resources.

This can be considered the most important feature of tourism resources, it creates a difference from other resources. Thanks to that, tourists make trips to feel and enjoy the values ​​of tourism resources. Many unique and famous tourism resources have great appeal to tourists such as the Pyramids in Egypt, the Forbidden City in China, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Alps in Southern Europe, nature reserves in Africa, the Caribbean Sea in Central America, ... are ideal tourist destinations, attracting tens of millions of tourists every year to admire its beauty. Today, these masterpieces of nature and culture are recognized by UNESCO as world heritage.

In Vietnam, there are dozens of heritages recognized by UNESCO as natural heritages and world cultural heritages. Such as Ha Long Bay, Hue ancient capital, Phong Nha - Ke Bang,... are unique tourism resources, creating the beauty of Vietnam and becoming more attractive to tourists.

1.3.3.Seasonal tourism resources

Among tourism resources, there are resources that can be exploited all year round, while there are resources whose exploitation depends more or less on the season. This dependence is mainly based on the law of climate change.

For marine tourism resources, the most suitable time to exploit them is during the hot weather period of the year. This explains why marine tourism usually operates in the summer in the North of our country, and from Da Nang onwards, where there is no cold winter, marine tourism activities can be organized all year round. Festivals are also scheduled for different periods of the year, so tourism activities depend on the time of those festivals. In general, Spring is the season of festivals with famous festivals such as Hung Temple Festival, Huong Pagoda Festival, Giong Festival, Lim Festival, etc.

Basically, the seasonality of natural tourism resources is directly affected and follows the climate season. Human tourism resources are indirectly affected by climate and weather seasonality, so they also have a certain seasonality.

In the dry season, with little rain and cool weather, it is the most favorable period for many types of tourism activities.

Tourism resources with different exploitation times have determined the seasonality of tourism activities. This seasonality has created an imbalance in the source of tourists during the year. Therefore, localities, managers, operators and organizers of tourism business activities as well as tourists must pay attention to this nature to have appropriate proactive regulatory measures to achieve the highest efficiency.

1.3.4 Tourism resources are often easy to exploit.

Most of the tourism resources exploited for tourism are resources that are already available in nature, created by nature or created by humans and are often easy to exploit. In fact, a primeval forest, a waterfall, a beach, a lake can all become a tourist destination, this is a priceless resource. It is difficult for humans to create tourism resources because it is extremely expensive, even if it can be simulated (amusement park), it is not possible.

depicting the extraordinary creativity of creation and that imitation would be greatly diminished in value and appeal.

With all the available tourism resources, only a small investment is needed to embellish them to enhance the beauty and value of the resources, while creating favorable conditions for the exploitation and effective use of these resources. Meanwhile, the exploitation of minerals, land, water resources, etc. always requires large investments in capital and technical complexity.

If purely from an economic perspective, the efficiency gained from exploiting tourism resources is enormous, sometimes much greater than exploiting other resources.

1.3.5 Tourism resources are exploited and used on site

For most resources, after exploitation, they can be transported to the place where they are processed into products and then brought to the place where they are consumed. But tourism resources must be exploited and tourism products created on the spot, tourists must come to the place to enjoy them.

Because tourists have to go to tourist destinations where there are tourism resources to enjoy tourism products, in order to exploit these resources, the first thing to pay attention to is to prepare all the infrastructure, technical facilities for tourism and tourist transportation. Reality shows that tourist destinations with convenient transportation locations and good tourism service facilities will attract many tourists and achieve high efficiency. On the contrary, there are tourist destinations with unique tourism resources such as Tra Co beach (Quang Ninh), Ba Be Lake (Bac Kan), but because of the long distance, isolation has greatly affected the ability to attract tourists. If there is better investment in infrastructure and means of transportation, these tourist destinations will certainly become bustling soon.

1.3.6 Reusable tourism resources

Tourism resources are classified as renewable and long-term resources. The main issue is to understand the laws of nature, anticipate the harsh challenges of time and fluctuations and changes caused by humans. From there, there is a long-term orientation and specific measures to reasonably exploit tourism resources; constantly protect, embellish and perfect resources to meet the needs of long-term tourism development. It should be noted that when affecting and exploiting natural tourism resources, it is necessary to follow the laws of nature and respect the cultural and historical values ​​of the resources.

humanistic tourism. Only then can we preserve and promote the natural and cultural values ​​of tourism resources, contributing to the sustainable development of tourism.

This is also the survival of each tourist destination, each tourist area in order to implement the strategic direction of sustainable tourism development. Only sustainable tourism development can ensure that tourism resources are less damaged, making each tourist destination, each tourist area increasingly more attractive, not only satisfying the current tourism development needs but also for tourism development in the future. The programs "Green tourism", "Responsible tourism" ... are to protect sustainable tourism resources.

1.4 Sustainable tourism development in relation to resources and environment.

1.4.1 Concept of sustainable tourism development

Sustainable socio-economic development in general and of any economic sector in particular needs to achieve the following three goals:

- Economic sustainability

- Sustainable environmental resources

- Sustainable social culture

For the economy, sustainable development is reflected in continuous growth over time or no decline in economic indicators.

Sustainable development of environmental resources requires the exploitation and use of resources to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This is demonstrated by the rational use of resources, the conservation of biodiversity, and the absence of negative impacts on the environment.

For social culture, sustainable development needs to ensure long-term benefits for society such as creating jobs for workers, contributing to improving people's living standards and social stability, while preserving cultural values.

Tourism is a rapidly growing economic sector worldwide, contributing positively to economic development, preserving and promoting global cultural values, and impacting all aspects of resources and the environment. This requires sustainable development in tourism.

As an economic sector, sustainable tourism development is not outside the general concept of sustainable socio-economic development in general. Sustainable tourism development is a development that meets current needs without

not harm the ability to meet the tourism needs of future generations. Therefore, in the process of tourism development, it is necessary to ensure economic sustainability, environmental resources and socio-culture.

The nature of tourism is to always bring human benefits in all aspects of economy, society and environment. However, this is not easy, in reality there are many economic, social activities and even tourism activities that have had negative impacts on the environment, resources in general and damaged tourism resources and environment. To limit these negative impacts, it is necessary to strengthen the management of governments of countries and local authorities. On the other hand, propaganda work to tourists and local people plays a great role.

1.4.2 Basic principles of sustainable tourism development

- Exploit and use resources rationally

- Limit overuse of resources and minimize waste

- Development associated with conservation of diversity

- Development must be consistent with the overall socio-economic planning.

- Sharing benefits with local communities

- Encourage local community participation

- Regularly exchange and participate in discussions with local communities and relevant stakeholders.

- Focus on training to raise awareness of environmental resources

- Promote responsible marketing

- Regularly conduct research work.



Review and discussion questions

1. You state and analyze the concept of tourism resources.

2. Please state the characteristics of tourism resources and give illustrative examples.

3. What is your concept of sustainable tourism development?


CHAPTER 2

NATURAL TOURISM RESOURCES



Target:

After completing this chapter, students will be able to:

- State the basic concept of Natural Tourism Resources.

- State the meaning and role of natural tourism resources

- Identify and analyze the characteristics of natural tourism resources.

- Contact the practice of natural tourism resources of the world and Vietnam


Content:

This chapter deals with the following issues:

- Concept of tourism resources.

- Meaning and role of natural tourism resources

- Types of natural tourism resources: terrain, climate, water, organisms.


2.1 Concept of Natural Tourism Resources

Nature is the living environment of humans and all living things on earth. Surrounding nature includes elements, natural components, natural phenomena and their transformation processes, creating natural conditions that regularly affect human life and activities.

Only natural components, phenomena and aggregates that are directly or indirectly exploited and used to create tourism products for the purpose of tourism development are considered natural tourism resources.

According to the Vietnam Tourism Law (2005): “ Natural tourism resources include geological, topographic, geomorphological, climatic, hydrological, ecological, and natural landscape factors that can be used for tourism purposes”.

Natural tourism resources are always associated with natural conditions as well as historical - cultural, economic - social conditions and they are often exploited simultaneously with human tourism resources.

When studying natural tourism resources, people often study each component of nature, natural synthesis and unique natural phenomena.

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