Recommendations for Improving the Effectiveness of the Internal Control System.

Second, the Control Environment factor has the second strongest influence ( standardized coefficient = 0.314) on the Effectiveness of the Internal Control System at TDM University. This is consistent with the reality at the school because the control environment is determined by the management philosophy, the leadership style that creates a good atmosphere and cares about the control issues of the unit as well as having regulations on professional ethics in the field of education; regulations on qualifications, professional skills as well as staff rotation when necessary, all of these will make the internal control activities of the school be promoted well in each department, division, Faculty, Institute, Center. On the other hand, the results of this study are also very consistent with previous studies such as: Sterck et al. (2005); Ssuuna Pius Mawanda (2008); Angella Amudo & Eno L. Inanga (2009); Rahahleh, M. (2011); Babatunde & Shakirat Adepeju (2013); Shakirat Adepeju Babatunde & Kabiru Isa Dandago (2014); Ho Thi Thanh Ngoc (2010); Nguyen Thi Hoang Anh (2012); Dinh The Hung et al. (2013); Nguyen Thi Thu Hau (2014); Le Nguyen Truong An (2017).

Third, the Risk Assessment factor has a positive influence and has the third strongest impact on the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University (with a standardized coefficient = 0.289). This is completely consistent with reality, because today universities operate under an autonomous mechanism, so they have gradually improved the identification of risks and assessment of risks that may occur in the regular activities of the school to improve the effectiveness of the internal control system of the unit. For multidisciplinary and multi-professional training schools operating on a large scale such as TDM University, the activities are increasingly diverse and the workload is increasing according to the development needs of the school, so risk assessment also needs to be concerned to maintain the effectiveness of the school's internal control system. This result is similar to the research of a number of authors such as: Sterck et al. (2005); Angella Amudo & Eno L. Inanga (2009); Shakirat Adepeju Babatunde & Kabiru Isa Dandago (2014); Dinh The Hung et al. (2013).

Fourth, the factor of Monitoring activities is the factor with the 4th strongest and most positive influence among the 5 factors affecting the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University (with a standardized coefficient = 0.258). This reflects the practical use in the school's operations because for universities, the activity is highly specific in nature, which is training to improve human resources, the product created is a knowledgeable labor force.

highly qualified knowledge to supply the labor market in many different fields, therefore, monitoring these activities is a necessary need to ensure that educational and training activities comply with the provisions of the law and also meet the requirements of relevant parties. However, because the regulations and procedures for monitoring these activities are increasingly concerned by schools and are becoming more systematic, the issue of monitoring is no longer an issue that needs too much attention when improving the effectiveness of the school's internal control system. On the other hand, scientifically, this result is completely consistent with the research of authors such as: Sterck et al. (2005); Angella Amudo & Eno L. Inanga (2009); Shakirat Adepeju Babatunde & Kabiru Isa Dandago (2014); Dinh The Hung et al. (2013); Pham Thi Hoang (2013); Le Nguyen Truong An (2017).

Finally, the Information and Communication factor is the factor that has the same influence and the weakest impact on the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University. This is consistent with the current reality because in reality, control is done by regulations, processes and control procedures from the Provincial People's Committee to the school; all departments in the school must be expressed in documents according to the provisions of the law and communicated to relevant subjects for implementation. Therefore, when information and communication work is good, the control activities will be effective. This result is completely consistent with the research of authors such as: Sterck et al. (2005); Angella Amudo & Eno

L. Inanga (2009); Rahahleh, M. (2011); Shakirat Adepeju Babatunde & Kabiru Isa Dandago (2014); Ho Thi Thanh Ngoc (2010); Dinh The Hung et al. (2013)

CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 4

Through the qualitative and quantitative research methods conducted in chapter 4, the author has shown that the model and scales used in the study are meaningful. The results of the study clearly show that there are 5 factors affecting the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University. Each factor has a different level of impact on the effectiveness of internal control at the school and the level of impact is arranged in order from high to low as follows: Control activities; Control environment; Risk assessment; Monitoring activities; Communication information.

Based on the results of this assessment, the author has made important discussions to confirm the relevance of the research problem to the current state of internal control activities of TDM University, and also confirm the similarity of the author's research results compared to previous related studies that the topic has studied. On the other hand, this research result is an important basis for the author to propose appropriate recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University in the coming time.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. Conclusion

Through an overview of domestic and foreign research works related to the topic, the author determined that the study of factors affecting the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University is necessary in both scientific and practical aspects. To conduct the research, the author determined the theoretical framework including the system of legal documents on the management of public service units in the education sector, views on internal control, especially based on the INTOSAI 2013 report applicable to units in the public sector. At the same time, he referred to views on factors affecting the internal control system from other research topics. The author used methods of system approach, thinking, synthetic analysis, comparison, investigation, survey, expert opinion, descriptive statistics, analytical statistics (using the EFA model) to research the thesis.

Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient and EFA analysis were used to test the scale in the official quantitative study with a sample size of n = 165. The author built 35 observed variables for 5 independent variable scales. These scales were included in the survey in the official quantitative study. The results showed that a total of 25 observed variables were grouped into 5 factors affecting the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University, which are:

1. Control environment (standardized β = 0.314)

2. Risk assessment (standardized β = 0.289)

3. Control activities (standardized β = 0.381)

4. Information and communication (standardized β = 0.185)

5. Monitoring activities (standardized β = 0.258)

Table 5.1 - Summary of research results

STT

Factor name	Absolute number (β)	Equivalent number opposite to (%)	Location of work dynamic
1	Control activities	0.381	23.31%	1
2	Control environment	0.314	23.02%	2
3	Risk Assessment	0.289	21.18%	3

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Monitoring activities	0.258	18.91%	4
5	Information and communication	0.185	13.58%	5
	Total	1,364	100%

The research results show that all 5 factors proposed by the author including: Control environment, Risk assessment, Control activities, Information and communication, Monitoring all have the same impact on the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University.

5.2. Recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the internal control system.

The recommendations are based on the study to identify factors affecting the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University. The author only studies and proposes recommendations related to the factors identified to affect the effectiveness of the internal control system at the school in order to improve the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University. Accordingly, to contribute to improving the effectiveness of the internal control system, TDM University needs to improve the quality of the factors' operations and according to the following priority levels:

5.2.1. Perfecting the Control Activity factor

The Control Activity factor has the strongest influence on the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University. Therefore, improving control activities is decisive to enhancing the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University. Currently, the school's control system in some activities is going quite well and needs to be maintained and promoted. However, there are still many shortcomings in the control system that need to be overcome to improve the school's internal control system. Specifically:

The school needs to design and develop complete policies and procedures for controlling the entire unit as well as specific to each department and each activity in each department on the basis of information technology application. In addition, the school also needs to have measures to manage and use assets more effectively, some measures are proposed such as: cross-checking, strengthening control procedures. The main activity of the school is education and training, so it is necessary to pay more attention to controlling the quality of training, from the entrance examination stage; to management, training, teaching (training program, teaching and learning activities; subject assessment methods; organization of questions and final exams,

…) and the output of the student's graduation work. Accordingly, the school needs to re-evaluate whether the current control processes, policies, and procedures are effective or not,

The school's leadership needs to periodically review and collect feedback from the staff, departments, faculties, institutes, and centers, thereby making more appropriate adjustments to the actual situation at the school to ensure not only maintaining but also increasingly improving the quality of education and training of the school.

Table 5.2: Recommendations for improving school control activities

STT

Content of the proposal
1	The school uses management software for enrollment and training.
2	The school uses the school's general financial management software. as well as payment of remuneration to staff
3	The school establishes in writing the process of purchasing materials and construction. Facilities
4	The school periodically conducts an inventory of assets.
5	Schools should increase the use of ISO business processes to control control, monitor, manage school work

(Source: Author's proposal)

5.2.2. Perfecting the Control Environment factor

The survey results also show that the control environment has the second strongest impact on the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University, so improving the control environment is important to improve the effectiveness of the internal control system of the school. Accordingly, the school needs to restructure the management apparatus in a streamlined and effective manner. There is a recruitment policy to attract talent; give priority to competent staff, teachers and employees and transfer or eliminate individuals working in ineffective departments. This is important in a unit that has been established and operated for just over 10 years. With employee remuneration policies, implemented on the principle of payment based on capacity and work efficiency and the principles of integrity and ethical values in the educational environment to encourage and motivate staff, teachers and employees, while creating a professional and united working environment internally.

In addition, it is necessary to build a school leadership style that always maintains personal ethics, is polite and gentle, and respects employees, especially lecturers and employees in specialized fields. It is necessary to assign the right people, with the right capacity, and evaluate the capacity of employees based on the job description that has been built appropriately. Assigning the right job will help employees develop their capacity to work.

Productive, systematic and constantly improving professional skills creates motivation and excitement in work.

Table 5.3: Recommendations for improving the School's control environment

STT

Content of the proposal

The school places demands on the practice of integrity and ethical values.

ethics towards staff, teachers and employees

The school establishes regulations on training, finance, appointment, and policy.

Disciplinary, reward and welfare policies for staff, teachers and employees

The school establishes policies and procedures for recruitment and attraction.

Talent, encourage and support to improve the qualifications of staff, teachers and employees

The school always complies with the provisions of the law, as well as the authorities.

Manage and fully implement policies on salary, bonus, insurance, and overtime payment regime.

The organizational structure currently applied at the school is suitable to the characteristics of its operations, clearly defining the responsibilities and authorities of each staff member, teacher, employee, and team.

Teachers and employees meet training needs

(Source: Author's proposal)

5.2.3. Completing the Risk Assessment element

The Risk Assessment factor has the third direct and strongest impact on the effectiveness of the internal control system at TDM University and also affirms that this is an issue that significantly affects the improvement of the effectiveness of the internal control system at the school. Currently, the school operates under an autonomous mechanism in an increasingly competitive university training environment in Vietnam, so it is inevitable that the school faces risks in its operations. Accordingly, the risk in ensuring and improving the quality of management and training is considered the biggest risk that the school faces, from the admission stage to the training organization activities, a series of activities that can potentially contain risks such as admission that does not ensure quality; loose training management; poor quality of training programs; quality of lecturers that does not meet teaching requirements; poor organization of exam and testing, ... Therefore, according to the author, schools need to establish an effective organizational structure and culture of risk management with defined goals; identify risks that may impact the school; analyze risks; assess risks and manage risks, and implement solutions to overcome or limit them.

those risks. Accordingly, the school needs to strengthen the responsibility of the Board of Control as well as the quality officers of each department in the unit. At the same time, develop business strategies and measures to respond to risks; forecast risks, it is necessary to carry out the following tasks: Review external factors, including many political, social, economic, educational factors, and State policies and laws. On the other hand, it is also necessary to review internal environmental factors related to the organizational structure, mechanisms, policies, management and operation of each department in order to warn about risks to the school as well as to staff, teachers, employees and related parties. Once the risks have been identified, the remaining work is to review, evaluate and give appropriate responses.

Table 5.4: Recommendations for improving the School's risk assessment work

STT

Content of the proposal
1	The school regularly develops plans for identification and analysis. and identify risks before implementing goals
2	The school develops criteria to assess the level of risk.
3	The school develops a risk control plan.
4	The school has a plan to overcome or minimize the risk.
5	The school regularly consults with units to improve regulations. risk assessment

(Source: Author's proposal)

5.2.4. Perfecting the Monitoring Activity factor

Monitoring activities have an impact on improving the effectiveness of the internal control system of TDM University. Currently, the monitoring work at the school is still being evaluated well with full regulations and monitoring mechanisms from the supervision of Binh Duong Provincial People's Committee over all activities of the school to the school's supervision of the activities of units in the school such as departments, faculties, institutes, and centers. However, in order for the control activities to be increasingly effective and ensure the effectiveness in operating the internal control system, the school should form a separate monitoring department with clear policies and mechanisms; at the same time, further strengthen the monitoring process by consulting with staff, teachers and employees to re-evaluate the monitoring process, procedures and criteria for the monitoring process and system in all areas of operation, especially the school's enrollment; training and finance.

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