Tourism and Hospitality Accounting Restaurant Management

To pay employees a reasonable salary, businesses must ensure the following requirements:

+ In accordance with the State's salary regime;

+ Attached to the enterprise's labor management regime;

Ensuring these requirements will stimulate workers to improve their skills, raise their sense of discipline, compete in production, and promote production development.

1.1.2. Tasks

Accounting for labor, wages and salary deductions is not only related to the rights of employees but also related to the costs of production and business activities and the cost of products and services. At the same time, it is related to the implementation of the State's labor and salary policies. Therefore, to serve the management requirements, accounting for wages and salary deductions has the following tasks:

- Organize accurate accounting of time, quantity, quality and labor results of employees, correctly calculate and promptly pay salaries and other related payments to employees.

- Calculate and allocate accurately and reasonably the costs of salaries, wages, social insurance, health insurance, and union fees for related users.

- Periodically analyze the labor usage situation, management situation and salary fund targets; provide necessary economic information to relevant departments.

1.2. Forms of salary payment in the enterprise

1.2.1. Time wage form

- Is a form of salary based on working time, technical level and salary scale of employees according to regulations.

- Unit of salary calculation by time: monthly salary, daily salary, hourly salary.

+ Monthly salary: Is a fixed monthly salary based on the labor contract and salary scale, basic salary level prescribed by the State.

Monthly salary = Salary of position level

1 day service

x Actual number of working days

in the month

Formula 5.1: Calculate monthly salary

+ Weekly salary: is the salary paid to employees based on the monthly salary and the actual number of weeks in the month. Weekly salary is applied to employees with unstable working hours due to seasonal nature.

Weekly salary =

Monthly salary × 12 months

Number of working weeks according to the regime (52 weeks)

Formula 5.2: Calculate weekly salary

+ Daily wages: Paid to employees based on the daily wage and the actual number of working days in a month. Daily wages are often used to pay employees who directly receive time wages, calculate wages for employees during meetings, study days or other obligations, and serve as a basis for calculating social insurance (SI) benefits.

Daily wage =

Monthly salary

Number of working days according to the regime (22 days)

Formula 5.3: Calculate daily salary

+ Hourly wage: Calculated based on daily wage, often applied to pay direct labor during working hours without receiving product. Or used as a basis for calculating overtime allowance.

Daily wage

Hourly wage =

Working hours according to the regime (8 hours)

Formula 5.4: Calculate hourly wages

Although the time wage method takes into account actual working time, it still has certain limitations, which is that wages are not linked to the results and quality of work. Therefore, enterprises need to combine with material incentives to check compliance with labor discipline to create self-discipline, discipline and high productivity for workers.

1.2.2. Payment by product

- Is a form of paying workers according to the quantity and quality of products or completed work.

- This form is consistent with the principle of closely linking labor productivity with labor remuneration, which has the effect of encouraging workers to improve labor productivity.

+ Direct piece-rate salary: With this method, the salary to be paid to employees is deducted directly according to the quantity of products completed according to specifications, quality and the unit price of the product salary is not subject to any restrictions.

Salary paid directly by product

= Number of products with correct specifications

x Unit price of salary of 1 product

Formula 5.5: Calculate salary by product

The unit price of salary paid for a completed product unit is built based on the salary level of the job and the time standard or output standard for that job.

+ Salary paid by product with bonus and penalty:

To encourage workers to have a sense of responsibility in production and work, businesses have a bonus system when workers achieve the targets set by the business such as bonuses for good product quality, bonuses for increased labor productivity, and savings on materials.

In case workers produce damaged products, waste materials, do not ensure prescribed working days... they may be subject to a fine deducted from their piece rate salary.

The essence of this form of salary payment is a combination of salary deducted according to products with bonus and penalty regimes prescribed by the enterprise.

Advantages of piece rate wage: ensures the principle of distribution according to output and quality, encourages workers to care about results and product quality.

1.3. Salary fund and salary deductions

1.3.1. Salary fund

The enterprise's salary fund is the total salary calculated per employee of the enterprise, managed and paid by the enterprise.

Salary fund includes:

+ Salary paid to employees during actual working time (paid by time, paid by product, piece rate, etc.)

+ Night shift allowances, overtime allowances and toxic allowances...

+ Salary paid for the time employees stop production due to objective reasons such as: Going to school, conferences, vacations...

+ Bonuses are of a regular nature…

In business, to serve the purpose of accounting and salary analysis, salary can be divided into main salary and additional salary.

- Basic salary: Is the salary paid for the time the employee performs their main duties, including salary paid according to rank and accompanying allowances.

- Additional salary: Is the salary paid to employees during the time they perform other tasks assigned by the business such as: Meetings, going to school, annual leave according to the regime...

The main salary of direct production workers is related to the production process, the additional salary of direct production workers is not related to the production process. Therefore, the division of main salary and additional salary has a certain meaning for the work of accounting and analyzing the cost of products. Main salary is often directly accounted for in the cost calculation object, closely related to labor productivity. Additional salary is often indirectly allocated to the cost calculation object, not directly related to labor productivity.

1.3.2. Salary deductions

a) Social insurance fund (SI): Formed by deducting at a prescribed rate from the total basic salary fund and allowances (position, area).

…) of actual employees arising during the month.

According to the current regime: Social insurance deduction is 24%, of which: 17% is paid by the unit or employer and is included in business expenses, 7% is contributed by employees and is deducted from their income.

The Social Insurance Fund is spent on cases of employee illness, maternity, work accidents, occupational diseases, retirement, and death. This fund is managed by the social insurance agency.

b) Health insurance fund (HI): Formed by deducting a prescribed percentage from the total basic salary and allowances of employees actually incurred during the month.

The current health insurance deduction rate is 4.5%, of which: 3% is calculated into production and business costs and 1.5% is deducted from employee income.

The Health Insurance Fund is used to pay for medical examination and treatment, medicine, hospital fees, etc. for employees during illness, childbirth, etc.

c) Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF): Used to subsidize employees when they become unemployed and is formed by deducting a prescribed percentage from the total basic salary and allowances of employees actually incurred in the month. In which, the employer contributes 1%; the employee contributes 1%. Every month, the state supports from the budget 1% of the monthly salary and wages fund of employees paying for unemployment insurance and transfers it once a year.

d) Trade union funds (KPCĐ): Formed by setting aside at a prescribed rate on the total actual salary payable to employees actually incurred during the month, included in production and business costs.

The current rate of union fund deduction is 2%. A portion of the union fund deduction that the enterprise makes is submitted to the union management agency at the same level.

Above, a part is left for the business to spend on union activities at the business.

* Note : In hotel and tourism businesses, production and business are seasonal. To save costs, businesses only have a few permanent employees and the rest are seasonal contract employees. In the winter, businesses hire more workers, and in the off-season, they reduce the number of employees.

2. Accounting documents and accounts used

Target:

- List the documents used in payroll accounting and salary deductions.

- Describe the content and structure of accounts 334; 338

2.1. Documents used

In enterprises, the organization of labor and salary accounting is often performed by the human resources department. However, the initial documents are the basis for calculating salaries and allowances and subsidies for employees; they are important documents to evaluate the effectiveness of labor management measures in enterprises. Therefore, enterprises must apply to establish initial labor documents in accordance with labor management requirements, clearly reflecting the quantity and quality of labor.

Initial documents include:

- Timesheet - Form No. 01a - LĐTL: timesheet prepared by production teams or departments, to provide details of the number of working days of each employee by month or week (depending on the company's timekeeping and salary payment method);

- Overtime timesheet - form number 01b - LĐTL

- Salary payment table - Form No. 02 - LĐTL

- Confirmation of completed work or product - Form No. 05 – LĐTL

The purpose of creating these documents is to confirm the number of products or completed work of the unit or individual employee as a basis for creating a salary payment table; this form is created by the person assigning the work, collected and signed by the labor and salary department before being sent to the accounting department to serve as a legal document for salary payment.

- Overtime payment table - Form No. 06 - LĐTL

- Contract of assignment - Form No. 08 - LĐTL: This form is a signed document between the assignor and the contractor regarding the volume of work, working time, responsibilities and rights of each party when performing the work. At the same time, it is the basis for payment to the contractor.

- Outsourcing payment table - Form No. 07 – LĐTL

- Contract acceptance table - Form No. 09 - LĐTL

- List of deductions from salary - Form No. 10 - LĐTL

- Salary and social insurance allocation table - Form No. 11- LĐTL

In addition, accountants also use a number of other relevant documents and legal documents.

Based on the initial documents, the labor and salary department collects, checks, and compares with the State's regime, the enterprise agrees according to the labor contract, then signs a confirmation and transfers it to the salary accountant as a basis for preparing salary payment tables and social insurance payments.

2.2. User account

a) Account 334 – Payable to employees is used to reflect salaries, social insurance benefits, bonuses... and other payments related to employees' income.

Structure:

Debit account 334 – Payable to employees Credit

- Salaries and other payments made to employees

- Deductions from employees' salaries and income

- Unearned wages and income of employees transferred to other payments

- Salaries, wages, bonuses of a salary nature, social insurance and other amounts payable to employees.
SD (if any): Overpayment amount	SD: Salary, wages, money
worker	bonuses of a salary nature and other
	Other amounts payable to
	worker

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Account 334 is opened in detail according to 2 level 2 accounts:

+ Account 3341: Payables to employees: Reflects the payables and payment status of payables to employees of the enterprise regarding salaries, bonuses of salary nature, social insurance and other payables related to employees' income.

+ Account 3348: Payables to other employees: Reflects payables and payment status of payables to employees other than the enterprise's employees regarding salaries, bonuses (if any) of a wage nature and other amounts belonging to the employee's income.

b) Account 338 – Other payables: Reflects payables to law enforcement agencies, social organizations; to superiors regarding union funds, social insurance, health insurance, loans, temporary loans, value of surplus assets awaiting disposal, etc.

Debit account 338 - Other payables and receivables Credit

- Amounts paid to the management agency

- Social insurance payable to employees

- Expenditures on KPCCĐ

- Handling of excess asset value, other paid and submitted amounts.

- Deduct union fees, social insurance, health insurance into business expenses and from employee salaries.

- Value of surplus assets awaiting disposal

- The amount paid is greater than the amount payable and is compensated.

- Other payables.

SD: Overpayment, overpayment exceeding expenditure that has not been paid

SD: Amount payable, payable, value of surplus assets awaiting disposal.

Account 338 has sub-accounts:

+ Account 3381: Surplus assets awaiting resolution

+ Account 3382: Trade union fees

+ Account 3383: Social insurance

+ Account 3384: Health insurance

+ Account 3385: Payable for equitization

+ Account 3387: Unrealized revenue

+ Account 3388: Other payables.

+ Account 3389: Unemployment insurance

In addition, accountants also use a number of other related accounts such as:

- Account 335 - Payable expenses,

- Account 622 - Direct labor costs,

- Account 627 - General manufacturing costs

- Account 641 - Selling expenses;

- Account 642 - Business management expenses...

3. Accounting methods for some major economic transactions

Target:

- State the accounting method for economic transactions arising related to salaries and salary deductions.

3.1. Salary accounting method

< NV1> Monthly calculate salary and allowances as prescribed to be paid to employees and allocate to subjects, record:

Debit account 241: Salaries payable to the Construction Department

Debit account 622: Salaries payable to direct production workers

Debit account 627: Salaries payable to production management and service staff Debit account 641: Salaries payable to sales staff

Debit account 642: Salaries payable to employees of the business management departments Credit account 334: Salaries payable to employees during the month.

<NV2> Bonuses and meal allowances payable to employees, record:

Debit account 353: Emulation bonus from reward fund

Debit account 622, 627, 641, 642; Bonuses are included in business expenses. Credit account 334: Total bonus amount payable.

<NV3> When advancing salary to employees

Debit account 334: Advance salary amount

Credit account 111, 112: Actual amount spent

<NV4> Deductions from employee's income:

Debit account 334: Total deductions

Credit account 333 (3335): Personal income tax

Credit account 141, 138…: Advance payment, other receivables…

<NV5> Payment of salary and social insurance for employees:

+ If paying in cash, write: