Ba Vi district, Hanoi city. At the same time, many solutions have been proposed to continue promoting the transformation of the agricultural economic structure in these two districts. This is a useful reference document for students when studying the transformation of the agricultural economic structure of Thach That district since its merger into Hanoi city.
- Truong Thi My Hoa (2011), “Agricultural restructuring in Thang Binh District, Quang Nam Province” , Master's thesis in Economics, University of Danang. The thesis analyzes the theoretical basis of agricultural restructuring in Thang Binh District, achievements and limitations, solutions to overcome limitations and promote agricultural restructuring in the District.
- Pham Huy Quang (2011), " Transforming the economic structure of the agricultural sector in the process of industrialization and modernization in Thai Binh province" , Master's thesis in Political Economy, Academy of Politics; Nguyen Khac Hai (2015), " Transforming the economic structure of agriculture in Hung Yen province" , Master's thesis in Political Economy, Academy of Politics. In these two theses, on the basis of systematizing the theory of economic structure transformation from the perspective of political economy, the authors have analyzed in depth the current situation of economic structure transformation in agriculture in each research locality, pointing out the shortcomings that need to be focused on solving; at the same time, proposing many viewpoints and solutions to promote the economic structure transformation of the agricultural sector in the above localities towards industrialization and modernization. The solutions proposed by these two theses include: supplementing and perfecting the planning, plans, and policies for agricultural development; Innovate credit policies to support farmers in transforming crop and livestock structures; promote the application of science and technology transfer, agricultural extension work and mechanization in production; invest in developing the socio-economic infrastructure system; improve the quality of human resources, etc.
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- Dao Xuan Kien (2012), “ Transforming the structure of crops and livestock to develop commodity agriculture in Cao Bang ”, Master’s thesis in Political Economy, Center for training and fostering lecturers in political theory. Based on theoretical research on the transformation of the economic structure of the sector in commodity agriculture and surveying the current situation of transformation of the structure of crops and livestock in Cao Bang province, the thesis proposes a number of directions and solutions to promote the transformation of the structure of crops and livestock to develop commodity agriculture in Cao Bang province.
In general, the above research works have mentioned at different levels the issue of economic restructuring in our country in general, and the restructuring of agricultural and rural economies in a specific locality in particular. However, up to now, there has been no scientific work that has directly studied the issue of agricultural economic restructuring in Thach That district, Hanoi city in the current process of building new rural areas. Therefore, on the basis of selectively inheriting published research results, this thesis contributes to clarifying the process of agricultural economic restructuring in Thach That district, Hanoi city today.
1.2. Theoretical basis for the transformation of agricultural economic structure in the district
1.2.1. Some theoretical issues on economic structure
Economic structure
Structure or composition in general is a philosophical category that reflects the structure and necessary internal relationships of an object.
Economic structure is the totality of the main relationships in terms of quality and relatively stable quantity of the elements and components of the economy, including:
- Reproduction structure (production - accumulation - consumption).
- Economic sector structure (agriculture - industry - services).
- Structure of economic components (state economy - collective economy - private economy).
- Structure of economic regions (mountainous - midland - plain - urban...).
The development of productive forces and social division of labor is the direct premise for the formation of economic structure. When analyzing the development of social division of labor, C. Marx wrote " Socio-economic structure is the whole of production relations that are consistent with a certain development process of material productive forces" (C. Marx, 1964, page 7). C. Marx also paid attention to both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of economic structure. According to him, economic structure is "a qualitative division and a quantitative ratio of the social production process" (C. Marx, 1975, page 102). Economic structure is a fundamental, condensed reflection of the content of socio-economic strategy in each period.
Thus, economic structure is a totality of the main relationships in terms of relatively stable quality and quantity of economic factors or parts of the productive forces and production relations in the social reproduction system, in certain socio-economic conditions, spaces and times. There cannot be a model economic structure as a standard for all spaces, times, countries and localities. Localities and countries have the same economic and social regimes and development levels, but there are still certain differences in economic structure (due to psychology, customs, habits...). Therefore, each region, each locality and each country must choose for itself an economic structure suitable to the conditions of each specific historical period. Only then can a reasonable economic structure be determined.
Nature of economic structure
* Objectivity
Economic structure is objective. Karl Marx wrote , "In the division of labor in society, proportionality is an inevitable necessity, a silent, hidden necessity" (K. Marx, 1961, page 65). In other words, all things, phenomena,
The general phenomenon and the economy in particular all operate according to objective laws, according to certain structures and trends of change. A reasonable economic structure reflects the movement of objective laws in the economy. The subjective role of humans is to perceive and correctly apply those objective laws to determine the structure and plan the correct socio-economic strategy. Any subjective, hasty or conservative imposition in changing the economic structure will have a negative impact on the socio-economic development of the locality and the country.
* Historical
Economic structure always has a certain historical character. It reflects the general law of the socio-economic development process and it is specifically expressed in spaces that are not completely similar. The economy can only develop normally when there is a balanced relationship between the aspects and parts according to the "tower ratio" in the division of social labor. However, the stability of the economic structure is only relative, because the productive forces are dynamic factors that always pave the way for development; accordingly, the division of social labor will become deeper and deeper, social consumption needs will constantly increase in the direction of requiring more diversity and quality, promoting the establishment of a new economic structure to meet the new needs of society. C. Marx wrote "Due to the organization of the labor process and the strong technical development of society, the economic structure of society has been disrupted" (C. Marx, 1961, page 47).
The dual nature of relative stability and constant change of the economic structure requires the State and management entities to avoid both conservative and hasty voluntarism in economic restructuring.
1.2.2. Agricultural economic structure and agricultural economic structure shift in the district
Agricultural economic structure
Agriculture, including agriculture, forestry and fishery, is an important sector in the national economy. Through a long development process, agriculture has become a relatively independent economic sector including fields such as forestry, cultivation, animal husbandry, exploitation and aquaculture. In forestry, there are afforestation, forest exploitation... In agriculture, there are food crops, industrial crops... In animal husbandry, there is livestock and poultry farming... In aquaculture, there is aquaculture and fishing... All of these components, in the development process, interact with each other according to certain proportional relationships depending on the development level of the productive forces and production relations in each certain historical period, forming a certain economic structure.
Therefore, it is possible to conceive of the agricultural economic structure as the sum of relationships and elements that make up agriculture according to certain proportional relationships and have mutual impacts associated with specific historical conditions.
The structure of the agricultural economy is formed and transformed in conjunction with the development of the market economy, from a natural economy gradually transforming into a commodity economy. This process has promoted the diverse and dynamic development of agriculture.
The agricultural economic structure consists of many components, but the following are important:
* Industry structure
The sectoral structure in the agricultural economic structure is expressed in the proportional relationship between the agricultural, forestry and fishery sectors and within each of those sectors.
divided into many smaller fields. All of these parts have mutual impact in the development process, together constituting the industry structure in the agricultural economic structure. When considering the industry structure, in addition to considering the value index, it is also necessary to analyze the labor index and investment capital index. The synthesis of these indexes reflects the current state of the industry structure in the agricultural economic structure. The basis of the industry structure is the social division of labor. The more deeply the social division of labor is implemented, the more meticulously and diversely the industry structure is divided. The premise of the social division of labor is agricultural labor productivity. First and foremost, the labor productivity of food producers must reach a certain limit, ensuring enough food not only to feed food growers but also to have surplus to feed workers in other industries (inside and outside the agricultural sector), only then can a division of labor in the crop sector be created between food growers and growers of other crops; between crop cultivation and livestock farming, aquaculture farmers, agricultural service workers, etc.
* Territorial structure
The division of labor by sector always takes place in certain territories; that is, the arrangement of what to plant, what to raise, what to develop in agriculture must also be suitable to the natural conditions, population, labor, etc. of that territory. Therefore, the division of labor by sector inevitably leads to the division of labor by territory. That is the two-sided nature of a development process of social productive forces. In order to have a reasonable regional structure, in each region it is necessary to attach importance to specialization combined with comprehensive and diverse development and first of all, it is necessary to focus on areas with comparative advantages. These are areas with favorable land, climate and geographical conditions, with the ability to quickly access and integrate into the market.
goods and services market. However, compared to the industry structure, the territorial structure is often delayed, so the construction of specialized areas in agriculture needs to be considered specifically. If mistakes are made, it will be difficult to overcome and will lead to bad consequences not only for the economy but also for the trust of farmers. When determining the territorial structure, it is necessary to pay attention first to the market, especially the output market of the product; then to the specific conditions of each region, in order to find comparative advantages in agricultural production, meeting market demand.
* Economic structure
The economic structure is an important content in the economic structure in general, the agricultural economic structure in particular. However, the economic structure in agriculture has specific features that are not completely the same as in industry and services; shown in the fact that the subjects participating in production and business in the agricultural sector are mainly farming households. These households either do business individually or join together in a cooperative economic model. Along with the household economy, the cooperative economy exists in different forms. In the current innovation process in our country, the cooperative economy is gradually expanding, forming many agricultural cooperative models whose activities aim to support the development of the household economy.
Shifting the agricultural economic structure in the district
Shifting the agricultural economic structure in the district is the process of changing the structure of the agricultural sector and the proportional relationships within the agricultural sector in the district according to certain orientations and goals . It is the process of proactively changing the structure and proportional relationships between the elements constituting the agricultural sector from a certain state to a more reasonable state to achieve the desired effect, through conscious impact.
of the management entity is the District People's Committee through planning, plans, mechanisms, policies... on the basis of correct application of objective laws.
The factors promoting the transformation of the agricultural economic structure are first of all due to the development of productive forces, then due to market requirements. Correctly recognizing these factors and objective economic laws, management entities (at the national level, the government; at the local level, the People's Committees of provinces, districts, and communes) proactively influence through planning, plans, development strategies, policies (finance, credit, science - technology, etc.) to orient and encourage agricultural production and business entities to expand or narrow down production and business of a specific product line in accordance with the goals of the socio-economic development strategy of each period.
To evaluate the economic restructuring in general, and in agriculture in the district in particular, people use indicators such as: production value structure, labor structure, cultivated area structure, etc.
The process of building and shifting the agricultural economic structure in the district is closely linked to the process of social division of labor, thus closely linked to the transformation of productive forces and production relations in the area. The process of industrialization and modernization in the area is a material premise and a strong driving force promoting the shift in economic structure in general, and the agricultural economic structure in particular. Accordingly, the shift in the agricultural economic structure in the district is both the result and the premise of the industrialization and modernization process.
The economic structure in general, the agricultural economic structure in particular, is not a static model, but it is always moving and developing towards perfection. The economic structure is affected by internal factors and external factors, so its movement and transformation are very diverse and complex. The shift in the agricultural economic structure in the district is a shift in the direction of reducing the proportion of agriculture, gradually increasing the proportion of forestry, fishery.