Teaching Methods of English in Secondary Schools According to the New General Education Program

1.2.2.4 Teaching aids for English in secondary schools according to the new general education program

Teaching aids (PTDH) play an important role in innovating teaching methods to enhance the visual and practical aspects in class. In modern teaching, teachers can effectively exploit teaching aids, equipment, and apply IT appropriately, suitable for the subject content to make the lessons more lively and attractive. In particular, for English, which is a very special subject, it is very necessary to equip and effectively use appropriate teaching equipment. In addition to traditional equipment such as pictures, textbooks, textbooks, chalk, blackboards, etc., actively use computers, projectors, interactive boards, video cameras, cameras, internet, documentaries, headphones, radios and other foreign language teaching software, etc.

1.2.2.5. Evaluation of English teaching results in secondary schools according to the new general education program

Evaluating the results of teaching English in secondary schools according to the new general education program does not focus on testing the ability to reproduce learned knowledge but focuses on the ability to creatively apply knowledge in different situations and demonstrate through mastery of 4 basic skills: Listening, speaking, reading, writing.

According to the orientation of the English General Education Program on assessment, one of the very important contents that the assessment needs to focus on is the ability to listen, speak, read, write and communicate in English. Therefore, teachers need to assess comprehensively: assess students' lesson preparation and self-study while announcing to students the teacher's assessment with specific comments; Organize assessment through regular and periodic tests according to regulations; Conduct assessment of students' diligence and learning attitude; Test in the form of objective multiple choice tests; Test in the form of essays; Organize for students to self-test and assess each other during class hours; Evaluate through individual and group products

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1.3. Managing English teaching activities in secondary schools according to the new general education program

1.3.1 Concept of managing English teaching activities in secondary schools according to the new general education program

Manage

- Concept of management: Currently, there are many concepts of management, but basically all concepts affirm: Management is the organized, targeted impact of the subject on the object by applying knowledge and skills to effectively exploit the potentials and opportunities of the organizational system to achieve the expected goals [ 3].

- Regarding management functions: Management functions are a unified entity of the necessary activities of the management entity arising from the division of labor and specialization of management activities. There are many ways to divide management functions, but basically they all agree that there are four functions that are closely related to each other, forming a management cycle:

- Planning: Is one of the most basic functions of management, which is decisive for the existence and development of each organization. It is a process of establishing and scientifically planning the goals, contents, methods, means, sequence, and time of carrying out activities; preparing, mobilizing and using resources to proactively implement activities in order to best achieve the set goals.

- Organization: Organization is the process of forming the organizational structure, establishing the relationship structure between departments in the organization. The organizational function is also the process of implementing the division of labor, assigning personnel to positions in the apparatus, assigning tasks, allocating powers, responsibilities and resources to achieve the organization's goals.

- Leadership and direction: The management entity sets out policies, guidelines, principles of operation and conducts the organization's activities; issues orders, instructions, notices, and requests to perform tasks; communicates information to members, uses methods and means in management; controls and adjusts activities.

- Inspection is an important function of management, management without inspection is considered as no management. Thanks to inspection activities, managers can evaluate work results, confirm advantages and successes, detect errors to make timely and necessary adjustments; draw experiences, avoid repeating mistakes to ensure activities go in the right direction and achieve the set management goals.

Teaching activities management

Teaching management is the intentional and lawful impact of the subject of teaching management on the object of teaching management by solutions to promote the effectiveness of teaching methods.

Teaching management facilities such as education and training institutions, teaching organization and human resources, teaching resources and materials, teaching environment and teaching information to achieve teaching management goals [26].

The overall content of teaching management activities includes: Managing the implementation of education and training regulations in teaching; managing the activities of the organizational apparatus and teaching staff; managing the mobilization and use of facilities and equipment; managing relationships in the teaching environment; managing the application of information technology and communication in teaching.

Specific contents in teaching activities management include: Managing the implementation of teaching objectives; managing the implementation of teaching program content; managing innovation in the use of teaching methods; managing the proposal and selection of teaching aids; managing teaching facilities and equipment; managing the teaching environment; managing the assessment of teaching results; managing administrative work.

Managing English teaching activities in secondary schools according to the new general education program

The teaching and learning process is the dialectical unity of two basic elements in the teaching and learning process: teaching activities and learning activities.

Teaching activities of teachers: are activities of leading, organizing and controlling students' cognitive learning activities, helping students to discover knowledge, thereby effectively performing their own learning function.

Students' learning activities: are self-conscious, proactive, self-organized, self-controlled cognitive learning activities to acquire, process and transform external information into their own knowledge, through which learners express themselves, transform themselves, and enrich their own knowledge.

Teaching management is the management of a social process, a specific pedagogical process, it exists as a system, including many structural elements such as: teaching goals and tasks, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching methods, teachers with teaching activities, students with learning activities, learning outcomes.

From the above concepts and analysis, it can be understood that: Managing English teaching activities in secondary schools according to the new general education program is the impact of the management subject on the English teaching process to ensure that teaching does not only stop at the goal of forming knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes in learners, but also aims to achieve a higher goal of developing general qualities, abilities, and specialized abilities of English for learners to solve practical situations in life, career, and international integration.

1.3.2. Content of managing English teaching activities in secondary schools according to the new general education program

1.3.2.1. Managing the implementation of goals and content of English teaching programs in secondary schools according to the new general education program

Based on the objectives, subject content and objectives, English teaching content in secondary schools according to the new general education program to implement this management content. Managers need to

- Thoroughly grasp, seriously, flexibly and creatively implement the English teaching program in secondary schools according to the new general education program suitable to the practical situation of the school and the tasks of the school year.

- Disseminate the objectives of teaching English in secondary schools according to the new general education program that the Ministry of Education and Training is implementing.

- Direct professional groups/teams and teachers to proactively select content, develop teaching topics and interdisciplinary integrated topics, and include them in the teaching plan.

- Approve teaching plans developed by professional groups/teams and teachers

- Check the implementation of the teaching plan

1.3.2.2 Managing English teaching activities according to the new general education program

This is the core content of managing English teaching activities according to the new general education program. Because, the teaching activities of teachers are the main activities in orienting, organizing, controlling and adjusting the learning activities of students. The basic content of managing this activity includes:

- Manage the development and implementation of teachers' teaching plans

- Manage lecture outlines, records, and lesson plans of teachers

- Directing teaching according to the correct curriculum based on knowledge and skills standards according to regulations

- Instruct teachers to design and implement lessons according to the new General Education Program

- Direct teachers to test and evaluate according to the new general education program

- Manage teacher's class time

- Manage teaching assignments for teachers

- Manage professional training and teaching skills for teachers according to the new General Education Program

- Manage professional activities of the department

- Managing the emulation movement for good teaching among teachers

- Instruct teachers to help students study actively

1.3.2.3. Managing English learning activities according to the new general education program

The learning activities of students are the activities that directly determine the quality of their learning. Each student needs to be proactive, self-aware, positive, independent and creative in learning, to build the right learning spirit and attitude, to understand how to learn, how to self-study, how to practice, have a good learning awareness, know how to concentrate on listening to lectures to understand the lesson right in class, diligently study and do all the homework, have an honest attitude in the test. Students need to know how to arrange their own study time at home, ensure the best possible conditions to best perform their learning tasks such as studying and doing all the homework, preparing lessons, preparing new lessons and preparing learning materials. Teachers need to build and organize rewards to motivate students, motivate students to make progress in class and students to excel in their studies in class. Teachers need to create playgrounds for students through clubs that they love, thereby helping students learn knowledge, develop intelligence suitable to their intellectual capacity, and doing well will stimulate students' learning activities.

To effectively manage this activity, it is necessary to organize and build the right learning motivation for students; Manage innovative learning methods for students; Manage positive learning attitudes of students; Manage creative experiential activities of students.

1.3.2.4. Managing innovation in organizational forms, methods and techniques of teaching English according to the new general education program

Innovation in the organization, methods and techniques of teaching English according to the new general education program is an urgent requirement to improve the quality of teaching. To implement this content, managers need to pay attention to:

- Thoroughly grasp the direction of innovation in teaching methods, organize training on innovation in teaching methods for teachers.

- Direct teachers to make teaching plans; choose appropriate teaching methods, techniques, and forms of organization so that students have the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities.

- Instruct teachers to design teaching and learning activities so that many students have the opportunity to participate in practice and training to develop their abilities.

- Instruct teachers to guide students in innovating their learning methods: Increase self-study activities, create a transition from passive to active.

- Directing to increase practice, training skills in applying knowledge to real life, using modern teaching aids. Specifically, in each lesson, it is necessary to organize students to do more activities, practice more, discuss more, think more, and do more.

- Encourage teachers to apply information technology, supporting software, audio-visual aids... to contribute to innovation in teaching methods.

- Organize teaching conferences and competitions for excellent teachers, encourage and promote good teaching lessons in the direction of innovative teaching methods.

1.3.2.5. Managing testing and evaluating English learning outcomes according to the new general education program

Assessment plays a role in both motivating and adjusting teaching, learning and educational management activities, and confirming progress in learning achievements according to the output standards specified in the English teaching program. Assessment must aim to develop learners' qualities and abilities through the level of program standards; provide accurate, objective and timely information as a practical basis for proposing solutions to adjust teaching and learning activities.

Management of assessment of English learning outcomes according to the new general education program includes the following contents:

- Thoroughly grasp and guide teachers and students to strictly implement current regulations on examination, testing, assessment, and classification of students and policies and orientations for innovation in testing and assessment.

- Training teachers on innovation in testing and assessment according to the new general education program

- Direct teachers to implement a variety of methods and forms of student assessment and evaluation.

- Directing the question making process, ensuring student differentiation

- Instruct teachers to foster students' ability to evaluate each other and self-evaluate.

- Direct the inspection of teacher's student assessment and classification activities.

1.3.2.6. Managing facilities, using teaching equipment and applying information technology to serve teaching activities according to the general education program

Facilities are the most important condition for the school to form and operate, and are indispensable conditions in organizing and improving the quality of teaching and learning. Especially for English, from subject classrooms, learning equipment, learning materials, etc., all have certain characteristics. Currently, with the orientation of implementing the subject program according to the 2018 program, investing in equipment has become more urgent than ever. Equipment serving teaching activities is increasingly modern, meeting the requirements of renewing the general education program. However, in order to exploit and effectively use those teaching equipment, it is necessary to foster the capacity of the team of teachers and school staff.

Content of management of facilities and equipment for teaching and learning in schools:

- Propaganda and dissemination to change the awareness of cadres and teachers about the exploitation and use of facilities and equipment.

- Training teachers in awareness of using teaching equipment and applying information technology in teaching.

- Directing the strict implementation of the use of teaching equipment and application of information technology in teaching.

- Check and evaluate the use of facilities and equipment

- Review, make statistics, and periodically purchase additional necessary equipment.

- Organize training and encourage teachers to increase the use of information technology in teaching activities.

- Create conditions for teachers to apply information technology to teach and students to apply information technology to learn.

- Cooperate and take advantage of the help of organizations and individuals to promote and improve the effectiveness of information technology application.

1.4. Factors affecting the management of English teaching activities at secondary schools according to the new general education program

1.4.1. Factors related to the management entity

The successful implementation of the secondary education goals according to the new general education program depends in a very important part on the management and leadership activities of the Principal. The Principal in secondary schools influences the management of English teaching activities in secondary schools according to the new general education program through the following factors:

* Moral qualities

The principal in a secondary school must first of all have a standard of professional ethics. The principal must not only implement well the regulations on teachers' ethics; direct the strict implementation of the regulations on teachers' ethics in the school; direct the timely detection and correction of violations of ethics by teachers, staff and students; but also need to be proactive and creative in developing rules and regulations on teachers' ethics in the school; have a positive influence on the management staff of the general education institution in organizing and implementing ethics education activities in the school. The principal must have an innovative mindset in school leadership and management to develop the qualities and capacities of all students; spread innovative thinking to all members of the school and have a positive influence on the management staff of the general education institution in terms of innovative thinking in school leadership and management.

* Ability to develop personal expertise and skills

The principal must meet training standards and complete training courses and professional development as prescribed; have a plan to regularly study and develop his/her own professional development; promptly update the requirements of innovation.

professional and technical fields; innovation and creativity in applying forms, methods and selecting learning content, fostering and improving professional and technical capacity; guiding and supporting managers of general education institutions in developing their own professional and technical skills to meet the requirements of educational innovation.

* School leadership and management capacity

Lead and manage school activities to meet the requirements for developing students' qualities and abilities, in accordance with the diverse learning styles, needs, interests and learning readiness of each student. The principal must know how to organize and develop a school development plan; manage teaching and learning activities, educate students; direct the development of the school's teaching and education plan, organize teaching and learning and educate students; innovate teaching and learning methods, educate students; evaluate students' learning and training results according to the requirements for developing students' qualities and abilities of the general education program; innovate effective management of teaching and learning activities and educate students; ensure that teachers use teaching and education methods suitable to the diverse learning styles, needs, interests and learning readiness of each student; improve students' learning and training results; Guide and support managers of general education institutions in managing teaching and student education activities.

In addition, the Principal must have the capacity to manage school personnel; manage school organization and administration; manage school finances and manage facilities, equipment and technology in teaching and educating school students as well as manage the quality of education in the school. From there, the Principal needs to build a safe, healthy, friendly, democratic educational environment, build school culture; develop relationships between the school, family, and society in teaching, moral education, lifestyle for students and mobilize and use resources to develop the school; have the ability to use foreign languages and apply information technology in school management.

1.4.2. Factors belonging to the management object

Factors related to the management object affecting the management of English teaching activities in secondary schools according to the new general education program include: Factors related to the quantity and quality of teachers and students as well as factors related to facilities and technical equipment serving English teaching.

* Factors regarding quantity and quality of teachers and students

The quality of teachers and students is a decisive factor in education and training in general and in English teaching activities as well as in English teaching activities management.

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