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Survey of the Distribution of 226 Ra Content in Environmental Objects





method

Preliminary rich

as sulfate (Ba(Ra)SO 4 )

as lead sulfate ([Pb(Ra)SO 4 ])

in the form of carbonate (Ca(Ra)CO 3 )

Direction

separation method


Cation anion exchange

change

and

TBP extraction and cation exchange

Direction


Electricity

stool

Electrolysis

electromagnetism

in

alcohol

in solution

stool

propane

ammonium solution



acetate

Current/voltage


120mA/90-

100V,

600 mA/ 12 V

Electrolysis time


1 hour

4 hours

Efficiency

cup

95%

80%

80%

Limit

detect

0.05 mBq/L

0.02 mBq/L

0.01 mBq/L

Accuracy

body

Error about 35%

obtain

30-

Error about 25%

obtain

20-

Error reached

about 15-

20%

Time

24 hours (time)

32 hours

16 hours

perform

measurement time)



(from the start)




split head to




end of power




feces)




02

Sediment sample



Not yet


Mass

0.6 kg


0.02 kg

Efficiency

cup



85%

Accuracy

body

Error reached

about 25%


Error reached

about 15%

Limit

detect

0.01


0.005 Bq/kg dry

03

Biological sample



Not yet


Mass

5kg


2kg

Maybe you are interested!




sea

sample




(algae,

Efficiency

cup



85%

cuttlefish,

shrimp,

Accuracy

body

Error reached

about 30%


Error reached

about 15-

20%

clam,...)


Limit

detect



0.001 Bq/kg I


3.2. Survey on the distribution of 226 Ra content in environmental objects

sea ​​in experimental areas

3.2.1. Distribution of 226 Ra content in Vinh Hai sea area

Tables 3.10 to 3.14 show the content, average content and content range of 226 Ra in environmental objects in Vinh Hai sea area (Detailed data are shown in Appendix 3).

Table 3.10. Concentration of 226 Ra in water and marine sediments according to collection time

Contribute to Vinh Hai sea area


ST T


Sample collection time

Coordinates

(Latitude/Longitude)

Water

(mBq/L)

Marine sediments

(Bq/kg dry)

Content

Error

Content

Error

01


8-9am, 03/02/08

11 o 39'50''N/

109 o 10'40''E


1.65


0.28


18.10


3.56

02

8-9am, 05/02/08

-nt-

1.68

0.31

19.70

3.82

03

8-9am, 08/02/08

-nt-

1.72

0.31

17.46

3.49

04

8-9am, 11/02/08

-nt-

1.92

0.33

18.31

3.61

05

8-9am, 03/02/09

-nt-

1.71

0.32

21.34

5.12

06

8-9am, 02/05/09

-nt-

1.83

0.39

19.32

3.86

07

8-9am, 08/02/09

-nt-

2.05

0.32

18.50

3.70

08

8-9am, 11/02/09

-nt-

2.36

0.37

22.51

5.24


Average value

1.86

0.32

19.41

4.05


ST T


Sample collection time

Coordinates

(Latitude/Longitude)


Unit of measure

Seaweed

Content

Error

01

9-10am, March 2, 2008

11 o 39'N/109 o 10'E

Bq/kg fresh

0.296

0.059

02

9-10am, May 2, 2008

-nt-

-nt-

1,382

0.276

03

9-10am, August 2, 2008

-nt-

-nt-

0.409

0.082

04

9-10am, March 2, 2009

-nt-

-nt-

0.652

0.130


Average value

0.685

0.137

Table 3.11. Content of 226 Ra in Mo seaweed according to collection time in Vinh Hai sea area


Table 3.12. The content of 226 Ra in some types of fish according to collection time in

Vinh Hai sea area


ST T


Sample collection time


Coordinates (Latitude/Longitude)

Pompano

(Bq/kg fresh)

Anchovies

(Bq/kg fresh)

Tuna

(Bq/kg fresh)

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

01


7-9am, 03/02/08

11 o 39'N/

109 o 10'E






0.051


0.011

02

7-9am, 05/02/08

-nt-





0.040

0.008

03

7-9am, 08/02/08

-nt-

0.243

0.051

0.840

0.176



04

7-9am, 11/02/08

-nt-

0.284

0.06





05

7-9am, 05/02/09

-nt-

0.028

0.006



0.136

0.029

06

7-9am, 08/02/09

-nt-

0.284

0.06



< 0.001


07

7-9am, 11/02/09

-nt-

0.028

0.006






Average value

0.173

0.04

0.840

0.176

0.076

0.015

Table 3.13. 226 Ra content in Squid according to collection time in Vinh Hai sea area

STT


Sample collection time


Coordinates

(Latitude/longitude)

Cuttlefish

(Bq/kg fresh)

Content

Error

01

7-9am, 03/02/08

11 o 39'N/109 o 10'E

0.123

0.036

02

7-9am, 05/02/08

-nt-

0.036

0.040



03

7-9am, 08/02/08

-nt-

0.042

0.016

04

7-9am, 05/02/09

-nt-

0.083

0.024

05

7-9am, 08/02/09

-nt-

0.087

0.017


Average value

0.074

0.027

Table 3.14. Average content and range of 226 Ra in Vinh sea area

Sea


STT

Sample symbol

Model name

Sample collection coordinates

Unit

calculate

Content

01

NVH

Water

Latitude: 11 o 39'50''N

Longitude: 109 o 10'40''E

mBq/L

1.86 0.57

1.65 2.36

02

TTVH

Sediment

-nt-

Bq/kg dry

19.41 4.05

17.46 22.51

03

RVH

Seaweed

Latitude: 11 o 39'N

Longitude: 109 o 10'E

Bq/kg

fresh

0.685 0.137

0.296 1.382

04

CVH

Fish

-nt-

Bq/kg

fresh

0.225 0.047

0.028 0.840

05

MVH

Squid

-nt-

Bq/kg

fresh

0.074 0.027

0.036 0.123


3.2.2. Distribution of 226 Ra content in Phuoc Dinh sea area

Tables 3.15 to 3.19 show the content, average content and range of 226 Ra in environmental objects in Phuoc Dinh sea area (Detailed data are shown in Appendix 3).

Table 3.15. Concentration of 226 Ra in water and marine sediments according to collection time

Contribute to Phuoc Dinh sea area


ST T


Sample collection time


Coordinates

(Latitude/Longitude)

Water

(mBq/L)

Marine sediments

(Bq/kg dry)

Jaw

quantity


Error

Jaw

quantity


Error

01

8-9am, 03/01/08

11 o 39'50''N/

1.76

0.31

24.34

4.61





109 o 10'40''E





02

8-9am, 01/05/08

-nt-

1.85

0.35

25.29

5.49

03

8-9am, 01/08/08

-nt-

1.98

0.33

26.16

7.94

04

8-9am, 11/01/08

-nt-

2.43

0.43

28.91

6.71

05

8-9am, 03/01/09

-nt-

2.05

0.31

19.01

3.38

06

8-9am, May 1, 2009

-nt-

2.38

0.41

26.66

6.21

07

8-9am, 01/08/09

-nt-

2.46

0.44

28.28

6.61

08

8-9am, 11/01/09

-nt-

2.89

0.47

29.95

6.94


Average value

2.01

0.41

26.07

5.99

Table 3.16. Content of 226 Ra in Mo seaweed according to collection time in Phuoc Dinh sea area

ST

T


Sample collection time

Coordinates

(Latitude/Longitude)


Unit of measure

Seaweed

Content

Error

01

9-10am, 3/1/08

11 o 25'N/109 o 01'E

Bq/kg fresh

0.412

0.084

02

9-10am, May 1, 2008

-nt-

-nt-

0.547

0.115

03

9-10am, 8/1/08

-nt-

-nt-

1,184

0.257

04

9-10am, 3/1/09

-nt-

-nt-

0.463

0.093

05

9-10am, May 1, 2009

-nt-

-nt-

0.735

0.147

06

9-10am, 11/1/09

-nt-

-nt-

1,348

0.282


Average value

0.782

0.163

Table 3.17a. The content of 226 Ra in some fish species according to collection time in

Phuoc Dinh sea area


ST T


Sample collection time


Coordinates

(Latitude/longitude)

Pompano

(Bq/kg fresh)

Anchovies

(Bq/kg fresh)

Tuna

(Bq/kg fresh)

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

01


7-9am, 03/01/08

11 o 25'N/

109 o 01'E






0.010


0.002

02

7-9am, May 1, 2008

-nt-

0.474

0.104



0.095

0.021

03

7-9am, 08/01/08

-nt-



0.835

0.206



04

7-9am, 03/01/09

-nt-





0.093

0.020



05

7-9am, May 1, 2009

-nt-





0.241

0.053

06

7-9am, 01/08/09

-nt-

0.615

0.140



0.103

0.023


Average value

0.545

0.109

0.835

0.206

0.108

0.022

Table 3.17b. The content of 226 Ra in some fish species according to collection time in

Phuoc Dinh sea area


ST T


Sample collection time


Coordinates

(Latitude/longitude)

Mackerel

(Bq/kg fresh)

Sardines

(Bq/kg fresh)

Silver Pomfret

(Bq/kg fresh)

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

01


7-9am, 03/01/08

11 o 25'N/

109 o 01'E


0.014


0.003


0.091


0.020



02

7-9am, 03/01/09

-nt-



0.124

0.027



03

7-9am, 01/08/09

-nt-



0.150

0.033



04

7-9am, 11/01/09

-nt-





0.535

0.129


Average value

0.014

0.003

0.122

0.024

0.535

0.129

Table 3.18. Content of 226 Ra in some other seafood over time

collected in Phuoc Dinh sea area


ST T


Sample collection time


Coordinates (Latitude/Longitude)

Cuttlefish

(Bq/kg fresh)

Shrimp

(Bq/kg fresh)

Clam

(Bq/kg fresh)

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

Jaw

quantity

Wrong

number

01


7-9am, 03/02/08

11 o 25'N/

109 o 01'E


0.041


0.008




0.618


0.155

02

7-9am, 05/02/08

-nt-

0.052

0.014

0.091

0.015



03

7-9am, 08/02/08

-nt-

0.114

0.018

0.117

0.027

0.706

0.164

04

7-9am, 11/02/08

-nt-

0.110

0.030

0.142

0.031

0.652

0.16

05

7-9am, 03/02/09

-nt-

0.027

0.06

0.235

0.045



06

7-9am, 05/02/09

-nt-

0.035

0.007

0.205

0.035



07

7-9am, 08/02/09

-nt-



0.277

0.055



08

7-9am, 11/02/09

-nt-



0.215

0.041




Average value

0.063

0.023

0.183

0.036

0.652

0.160


Table 3.19. Average content and range of 226 Ra in Phuoc Dinh sea area

STT

Sample symbol

Model name

Sample collection coordinates

Unit

calculate

Content

01

NPD

Water

Latitude: 11 o 25'40''N

Longitude: 109 o 01'50''E

mBq/L

2.01 0.66

1.76 2.89

02

TTPD

Sediment

-nt-

Bq/kg dry

26.07 ± 5.99

19.01 29.95

03

RPD

Seaweed

Latitude: 11 o 25'N

Longitude: 109 o 01'E

Bq/kg

fresh

0.782 0.163

0.412 1.348

04

CPD

Fish

-nt-

Bq/kg

fresh

0.252 ± 0.058

0.093 0.835

05

MPD

Squid

-nt-

Bq/kg

fresh

0.063 0.023

0.027 0.114

06

TPD

Shrimp

-nt-

Bq/kg

fresh

0.183 0.036

0.091 0.277

07

SPD

Clam

-nt-

Bq/kg

fresh

0.659 0.160

0.618 0.706

Table 3.20 presents the distribution of the content of the natural radioactive isotope 226 Ra in the marine environmental objects of Vinh Hai and Phuoc Dinh; and is compared with similar data of other authors in the country and in the Asia-Pacific region. Figures 3.27a and 3.27b. show the distribution of the content of 226 Ra in the marine environmental objects of Vinh Hai and Phuoc Dinh.

compared to other regions of Vietnam and the Asia-Pacific region. Table 3.21a and Figure 3.28a present the bioaccumulation coefficient of 226 Ra in marine organisms in Ninh Thuan. Table 3.21b and Figure 3.28b present the bioaccumulation coefficient of 226 Ra in various types of seaweed in Ninh Thuan. These data are suitable to contribute to the national and regional baseline data set, serving as the basis for assessments.

their next entry price.


Table 3.20. Average values ​​and range of 226 Ra content in marine environmental objects of Vinh Hai and Phuoc Dinh, and compared with similar data of other authors in the country and Asia-Pacific region


Sample


Unit

Average value and range of content

Vietnam Sea

Asia-Pacific Sea [24],

[34], [53]

Vinh Hai

Phuoc Dinh

Other regions of Vietnam [2], [9], [10]

Water

mBq/L

1.86 0.57

2.01 0.66

2.05 0.62


1.65 2.36

1.76 2.89

1.72 2.90

0.03 1260

Sediment

Bq/kg dry

19.41 4.05

26.07 ± 5.99

29.41 ± 4.90

24.98 ± 2.97

17.46 22.51

19.01 29.95

23.07 40.21

7.22 103.80

Algae

Bq/kg

fresh

0.685 0.137

0.782 0.163

0.934 0.217

0.7 0.2

0.296 1.382

0.412 1.348

0.283 4.735

0.5 1.2

Fish of all kinds

Bq/kg

fresh

0.225 0.047

0.252 ± 0.058

0.274 0.082

0.38 0.11

0.028 0.840

0.093 0.835

0.073 0.648

0.12 0.56

Squid

Bq/kg

fresh

0.074 0.027

0.063 0.023

0.025 0.006

0.11 ± 0.01

0.036 0.123

0.027 0.114

0.010 0.049

0.07 0.14

Shrimp

Bq/kg

fresh


0.183 0.036

0.137 0.030

0.21 0.06


0.091 0.277

0.053 0.252

0.01 1.66

Clam

Bq/kg

fresh


0.659 0.160

0.674 0.135

0.8 0.25


0.618 0.706

0.139 1.493

0.58 4.20


Figure 3.26. Fluctuations in 226 Ra content in water and marine sediments in Vinh Hai and Phuoc Dinh areas.

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