Distribution of Survey Forms by Type of Pig Farm

Second , determining the factors affecting the development of pig farms in Dong Nai based on economic theory explaining the factors affecting the development of pig farms as a basis for analyzing the current development status of pig farms in Dong Nai.

Third , analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges (SWOT matrix analysis) based on consulting experts and scientists in the field of expertise. This is the basis for evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of pig farms in Dong Nai.

Fourth, analyze the ability to meet integration requirements of pig farms in Dong Nai based on evaluation criteria.

Fifth , based on the analysis and correct assessment of the development status of pig farms in Dong Nai, the thesis proposes solutions at the macro and micro levels to contribute to the development of pig farms in Dong Nai to meet the requirements of international integration.

In summary, through systematizing and generalizing domestic and foreign studies related to the development of pig farms, the author has identified the research gap of identifying factors affecting the development of pig farms in Dong Nai in the process of international integration; analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of pig farms in Dong Nai and proposing feasible solutions to contribute to the development of pig farms in Dong Nai to meet the requirements of international integration. This helps the author continue to research to complete the thesis.

1.2. Data sources and research methods

1.2.1. Data sources

1.2.1.1. Secondary data

Secondary data will be collected from various sources. First of all, information on agricultural production and livestock farm economics is reflected in resolutions and policies of the Party and State at both the central and local levels. Information from research projects, research results, articles and magazines by domestic and foreign authors are also systematically referenced. Information sources from summary reports and statistical surveys of various agencies such as the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

Dong Nai rural areas, provincial Statistics Office, statistical data of districts and towns in the province, research data of universities,... are valuable sources of information for this study, specifically as follows:

Statistics on the scale, quantity and type of pig farms in Dong Nai over the years, data on domestic and export pork output, data on pork product prices over the years, industrial feed prices, labor situation, etc. are collected from the Dong Nai Provincial Statistics Office, Dong Nai Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Dong Nai Livestock Association, Dong Nai Science and Technology Journal, and specialized magazines.

Socio-economic development strategies of Dong Nai Province, livestock development strategies of Dong Nai Province of Dong Nai Provincial People's Committee.

Reports related to the livestock industry in Vietnam and Dong Nai and policies related to the development of the livestock industry.

Information on exchange rates and market interest rates is updated from the media.

1.2.1.2. Primary data

Primary data will be collected through surveys and interviews with pig farm owners using a prepared questionnaire. The scope of the survey is pig farms throughout Dong Nai province. The number of survey forms (sample size) is determined as follows:

Apply the formula to determine the number of survey samples:

n N

1  N ( e ) 2

; with n: number of survey samples, N the total population; e is the standard error.

With the total number of pig farms in Dong Nai Province, N = 1,423 farms and an accuracy of 93% (ie the allowable error is 7%), we calculate n = 178. The author will choose n = 200 survey forms to eliminate unqualified and erroneous forms. This sampling is limited because in practice, surveys often choose an accuracy of 95% (ie an error of 5%). However, with this accuracy, we calculate n = 312, this sample size is too large compared to the author's limited budget. Therefore, the author chooses 200 survey forms.

The survey samples were collected using the sampling survey method, then the sample number was randomly selected according to the representative ratio of the site models.

Livestock farms. The survey method is to directly interview the farms to collect information according to a pre-designed questionnaire. Specifically, based on data on pig farms in each district and each type of farm provided by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of the province, the author calculates the distribution of survey samples for each type of farm and distributes the survey in the districts according to the appropriate ratio. Then, the survey samples are randomly determined according to the farm addresses provided by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of the province.

Before the official investigation, a pilot investigation of 5 research samples was conducted to gain experience for the interviewers and adjust and supplement the questionnaire to suit the research. The questionnaire also received comments from experts including the Deputy Director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Dong Nai province in charge of the livestock sector, Director of the Dong Nai Veterinary Department, Chairman of the Dong Nai Livestock Association, Instructors, representatives of CP and Nupark livestock companies. This purpose is to focus on the content suitable for the investigation. On that basis, the questionnaire is adjusted and supplemented to suit the reality.

The survey of information on livestock farms includes information on the characteristics of farming households such as gender, livestock farming experience, educational level, agricultural knowledge, etc. Inputs include: Labor, breeding animals, capital, amount of feed, veterinary medicine, farming area, farming model (cold barn, processing, industrial, normal), outputs include: Pig farming output, weight gain of live pigs/month of farming/pig head, farm income, pig price, etc.

The surveyed farms were randomly selected according to pig farming models across the province. The types of existing pig farms in Dong Nai province include: industrial pig farming (closed barns) and normal pig farming (open barns). The components participating in the production and business of the farms are FDI enterprises, joint stock companies, cooperatives, and households. The average survey sample rate is 14.4% and is distributed at a reasonable rate across all types of pig farms in the province.

Regarding the type of pig farms, there are industrial pig farms (closed barns, open barns), and normal pig farms.

The farms are usually (usually combined with gardens, ponds, and barns) and the components participating in production and business of the farms include: FDI enterprises, joint stock companies, and households. The determination of the investigated farms is based on the following criteria:

The criteria for determining farm economy are issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the General Statistics Office according to Circular No. 27/2011/TT-BNNPTNT of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Annual reports on farm economy of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Dong Nai province to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development also identify these basic types of pig farming. From the results of research, investigation, and field survey, we found that basically in Dong Nai province, there are the above types of pig farming economy.

To identify a pig farm, in addition to determining the scale of product value from 1 billion VND or more on average per year, we determine the number of raised animals from 100 or more. In addition to livestock, some farms (mainly households) also grow some additional crops to serve the farm's consumption needs and serve livestock. These additional products have small product scale and low product value. As for farms that develop multi-industry production and business (livestock combined with crop farming or processing, industry and services. The product value structure of this type of farm is quite diverse, the value ratio of each type of product is not much different, the value of products of the industries is also almost the same. Therefore, for this type, we only conduct surveys on the pig farming area of these farms.

Distribution of investigated farms: With a large enough and convenient sampling method, the collected data can assess the development situation and analyze the factors affecting the results and efficiency of pig farms in the Province. Conducting a survey of 200 farms and each type of pig farm is distributed to the cities and districts of the Province as follows: (Dong Nai Province has 11 district-level administrative units, including 1 city, 1 town and 9 districts. Including 8 towns, 29 wards and 136 communes)

Table 1.1. Distribution of pig farm survey

Unit

Number of farms	Number of survey samples
Bien Hoa City	49	8
Tan Phu	27	0
Dinh Quan	76	10
Ageless	85	12
Long Thanh	151	23
Trang Bom	269	36
Unified	320	48
Long Khanh	124	17
Nhon Trach	13	0
Xuan Loc	131	20
Cam My	178	26
Total	1,423	200

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(Source: Data on the number of pig farms of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Dong Nai; Number of samples investigated and surveyed according to the author's calculation, 2015)

The number of pig farms surveyed was concentrated in Thong Nhat district, Bien Hoa city, Trang Bom district, Vinh Cuu district because these localities have relatively developed pig farming industry and concentrate a large number of pig farms. In addition, the survey was also conducted according to the appropriate ratio between pig farms of participating units such as FDI companies, cooperatives, joint stock companies, households with closed and open barn farming models as follows:

Table 1.2: Distribution of survey forms by type of pig farm

Number of questionnaires

Open camp type	Closed camp type	Total
FDI	0	11	11
cooperative	12	2	14
Joint Stock Company	2	2	4
Household	164	7	190
Total	178	22	200

(Source: Author's calculation, 2015)

The results of 178 questionnaires were collected from 200 questionnaires distributed. After eliminating invalid questionnaires due to having many blank boxes or respondents choosing more than one answer, 178 questionnaires were used for analysis and verification, the selected research sample met the proposed standards of quantity and content.

1.2.2. Research method

1.2.1.1. Qualitative research method Synthetic method :

Review domestic and foreign documents to find an analytical framework for developing pig farm models in Dong Nai.

Briefly review documents and research works related to the thesis to find out the advantages and limitations of these studies and serve as a basis for the research direction of the thesis.

Synthesize the experiences of countries in developing livestock models as lessons for the research area and as a basis for building theoretical models.

Synthesize theoretical foundations, select economic theories suitable for the research topic on developing pig farm models in Dong Nai.

Expert method: This is an investigation method through the assessment of experts on the development of pig farms in Dong Nai. Specifically, asking for opinions and assessments of experts on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges (SWOT analysis) of pig farms in Dong Nai. This method is conducted through the following steps:

Step 1: Choose an expert

Because the research field of the topic is pig farms in Dong Nai province, the author selected experts and scientists who are currently participating in the agricultural sector, specifically the livestock sector, and are currently working at agencies in Dong Nai province. The list of experts is presented specifically in Appendix 3.

Step 2: Consult with experts

The author conducted a survey to collect experts' opinions using a pre-designed questionnaire (Appendix 3).

Step 3: Collect, process, and synthesize assessments and comments from experts through a summary table of common points or conclusions from experts on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of pig farms in Dong Nai (Appendix 3)

Analysis and synthesis method :

Used throughout the thesis process. Synthesize all collected data, conduct analysis, evaluate the development of pig farm models in Dong Nai to meet the requirements of international integration.

Present and explain objectively and scientifically through describing events, circumstances, and relationships of the topic based on assessment and description of the actual quantity of production types, distribution, land use, labor use, capital and capital sources, income, results and efficiency of the farm, etc. to clarify the content and requirements for the development of pig farms in Dong Nai in the direction of international integration.

State and evaluate individual recommendations.

Comparative method: used to evaluate the development of pig farms in Dong Nai compared to the whole country; compare some economic indicators between groups of farms.

Comparison method : mainly used in comparing indicators of input factors, results, and business performance of livestock farms.

Data analysis and processing methods:

Analyze and synthesize the survey data collected on statistical units according to the selected criteria. The value indicators are actualized by unified unit prices according to the current prices of the survey year. Use descriptive and comparative statistics, absolute numbers, relative numbers to analyze and evaluate the economic status of pig farms in the province.

Data is processed using excel and eview software programs.

1.2.1.2. Quantitative research method

Using production theory, OLS method with Cobb - Douglas production function to determine the influence of factors affecting output

farm production. The advantage of this function is that it can be used to estimate the impact of each input factor on pig production at the studied farms.

Model of input factors affecting expected output factors:

Y = F ( Xi ) = aX 1  1 * X 2  2 * X 3  3 * X 4  4 * X 5  5 *

In which: Y is the dependent variable, with a being a constant.

X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5, are independent variables reflecting the cause. D is a qualitative dummy variable.

 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  n are coefficients of variable X

 is the coefficient of D.

Then we rely on the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Ordiniary Least Squares (OLS) methods to build an econometric model to determine the factors affecting pig farming productivity: With the theoretical basis of the model as above, the Logarith linear regression function is used to show the correlation between pig farming output and influencing factors:

Ln Y = a 0 +  1 LnX 1 +  2 LnX 2 +  3 LnX 3 +  4 LnX 4 +  5 LnX 5 +  1 D 1 +  2 D 2

With : Expected sign of independent variables (X i ) with dependent variable (Y)

Variables

Define	Expected sign
Y X 1	Dependent variable: livestock output (kg) Farming area (m 2 )	+
X 2	Farm size (number of heads)	+
X 3	Production capital
X 4	Input costs provided by industry	+
X 5	Labor	+
	Dummy variable, Farm owner's agricultural knowledge
D 1	Dummy = 1 if the farm owner is trained in knowledge	+
	Expertise, otherwise Dummy =0
	Dummy variable, technology. Dummy=1 if the farm uses
D 2	using advanced technology (cold storage), Dummy=0	+
	if the opposite

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